儿护养。皆失于姑息。富家过爱。遂多夭横。贫家不及。反得寿长。儿受三分冷。吃七分饱此为护养之要。儿心胸
要冷。背腹要温。哭是歌。不哭不偻 也。儿有胸无心。病多从口成。乳后勿与食。食后勿与乳。儿乳养钦者。必致疳
病。药补是不如食补也。儿头以凉为要。足以温为要。体易虚易实。勿服多寒。勿服多热。儿敏解人意。是真阳发泄。
恐难养。儿瘦先捡乳饵。一碗粥胜一斤参。儿肌肤鲜明者。有留饮。宜渗泄方。青暗者。有寒毒。宜温散方。儿额有筋
而颈细。身体乏力者。属疳病也宜赤风蛤 之。风者百病之长。食者百治之原。饮食不能者。不可治。儿妄笑者。为心
虚。笑少者。为心实。儿谷肠多虫。乳肠少虫。有病者胎毒也。儿谷气胜于元气者体肥而多病。元气胜于谷气者。体瘦
而少病。诸病解后。脾胃必衰弱。强食则发热而腹满。是食复也。病患贪食者。当减也。若恶者反要强。何以论之。曰。
食即恶之基。恶者真元不支故也。寒热必有真假。真者勿慢治。假者勿拘泥。病候有真假。真者隐伏。多在里。假者发
见。多在表。儿吃热勿吃寒。吃软勿吃硬吃少勿
吃多。医有常变。有宽急。勿以常为变。勿以变为常。勿以宽为急。勿以急为宽。方有君臣。有佐使。勿以君为臣。勿
以臣为君。勿以佐为使。勿以使为佐。方有多有单。多者补泽所用也单者攻击所用也。致偏废者。有偏见也。剂有寒因
热用。有热因寒用。有寒因寒用。有热因热用。寒因热用。热因寒用。此为从治所用也寒因寒用热因热用。此为反治所
用也。医有反治。有从治。体实者。反治所宜体虚者。从治所宜反治者为常治。从治者为变治。问曰。医有逐机。有持
重。何也。答曰。逐机者。逐病侯而转方也。持重者重病因而不转方也。若识逐机者。假令一日转百方。不为以误也。
若识持重者。假令百岁用一方。亦不为以误也。凡诊病者。当以一级重决之也。若以轻决之者。必取败缺也。医之为
伎。剂也易处。病也难诊。若置其诊。而欲拟其剂者。未可与论也。儿病始吐蛔者。为热。病当瘥。终吐蛔者为寒。病
不可治。问曰。病热。用寒方益盛。用热方反安者。何也。答曰。夏月体热。然反灌热汤。后身自凉也。假令如火烧疮。
急忍痛而灸后痛顿减。此皆从治之类也。问曰。医有从治。有反治。何谓也答曰。热用寒。寒用热。此为反治。热用热
寒用寒。此为从治病轻者反治所宜也。病重者。从治所宜也。儿暴泻昏沉。脉微弦而四肢冷。若惊惕者。冬月易治夏月
难治。病始为实。终为虚。暴虚者易治。渐虚者难治。儿病多兼蛔。以脾虫故也。始吐蛔者佳。终吐蛔者不佳。儿未期
月而生者。至脚弱。以筋骨有所缺也。医伎。非剂而在七。以剂说治者。未可与论也。诊病要在气息。气息安静者生。
短息者死。癖块。有磨法无泻法。若妄攻者。真元必伤。不可治。儿腹有块者。不问食癖虫块。俱为恶侯。须急论治。
诊病以银海为要。虚实必显。以精萃所奏故也。病五实者死五虚者亦死。病多反复者。不可治也。
小儿的护养，大多因为过于姑息溺爱而失误。富裕家庭过分疼爱孩子，反而导致孩子多夭折横死；贫困家庭照顾不及，孩子反而活得长久。让孩子身体承受三分寒冷，吃七分饱，这是护养的关键。孩子心胸要保持清凉，背部和腹部要保持温暖。哭喊如同歌唱，不哭不闹则容易驼背（偻）。孩子胸部有心脏但心神未定，疾病多从口入。喂奶后不要立即喂食，进食后不要立即喂奶。如果孩子长期依赖乳汁喂养，必定会导致疳病。药物进补不如饮食进补好。孩子的头部以凉爽为宜，脚部以温暖为宜。孩子的体质容易虚也容易实，不要服用过多的寒凉药，也不要服用过多的温热药。孩子聪明灵敏、通晓人意，这是真阳外泄的表现，恐怕难以养育。孩子消瘦，首先应检查乳食是否得当。一碗粥胜过一斤人参。孩子肌肤鲜明润泽的，体内有留饮（水液停聚），宜用渗湿泄浊的方剂；面色青暗的，体内有寒毒，宜用温散寒邪的方剂。孩子额头筋脉显露且颈部细弱、身体乏力的，属于疳病，适宜用赤风蛤治疗。风邪是百病的先导，饮食是治疗的根本。如果连饮食都无法接受，就无法治疗。孩子无故傻笑的，是心气虚；笑少的，是心气实。孩子肠道内寄生虫多，哺乳期的肠道内寄生虫少；生病是因为胎毒。孩子谷气（后天水谷之气）胜过元气（先天真气）的，身体肥胖但多病；元气胜过谷气的，身体瘦弱但少病。各种疾病解除后，脾胃必然衰弱，强行进食就会发热且腹部胀满，这叫做“食复”（因饮食不当导致的复发）。患病期间贪吃的，应当减少饮食；如果厌恶食物却强行进食，为什么呢？回答说：食物就是厌恶的基础，厌恶是因为真元不支的缘故。寒热病症必有真假之分，真实的病情不要轻视治疗，假象不要拘泥固执。病候也有真假，真实的多隐伏在里，假象的发现在表。孩子吃东西不要吃太热的，要吃软的；不要吃硬的；不要吃多的。医生治病有常规变化，有宽松紧急之别。不要把常规当作变化，不要把变化当作常规；不要把宽松当作紧急，不要把紧急当作宽松。方剂中有君药、臣药，有佐药、使药。不要把君药当作臣药，不要把臣药当作君药；不要把佐药当作使药，不要把使药当作佐药。方剂有多味药组成的复方，也有单味药的单方。多味药组成的用于补益滋润，单味药组成的用于攻邪攻击。导致偏废的，是有偏见所致。用药剂量有寒因热用、热因寒用、寒因寒用、热因热用。寒因热用、热因寒用，这是顺从治法（从治）所用；寒因寒用、热因热用，这是反治法（反治）所用。医生治病有反治，有从治。体质实的，适宜用反治；体质虚的，适宜用从治。反治法是常规治法，从治法是变通治法。问：医生治病有追逐时机（逐机），有持重守方，为什么呢？答：追逐时机，是指根据病候变化而转换方剂；持重守方，是指重视病因而不轻易转换方剂。如果懂得追逐时机，即使一天变换一百个方子，也不算错误；如果懂得持重守方，即使一百年只用一个方子，也不算错误。凡是诊病，应当以一级重的原则来决断。如果用轻率的态度决断，必定会失败缺损。医术是一种技艺，药剂容易处理，病情难以诊断。如果把诊断放在一边，却想要拟定药剂，这种人不可以与他谈论医术。孩子生病开始吐蛔虫的，为热证，病当痊愈；最后吐蛔虫的，为寒证，病不可治。问：患热病，用寒凉方剂病情反而加重，用温热方剂反而安定的，为什么呢？答：夏季身体本热，然而反而灌服热汤，之后身体自然凉爽。假如像火烧疮一样，忍着疼痛进行艾灸后疼痛立刻减轻，这都是从治法的类别。问：医生治病有从治，有反治，什么是从治，什么是反治？答：热证用寒药，寒证用热药，这叫反治；热证用热药，寒证用寒药，这叫从治。病轻的适宜用反治，病重的适宜用从治。孩子突然腹泻、神志昏沉、脉象微弦且四肢冰冷，如果伴有惊惕不安，冬季容易治疗，夏季难治。病开始时为实证，结束时为虚证；突然出现的虚证容易治疗，逐渐形成的虚证难治。孩子生病多兼有蛔虫，这是因为脾脏有虫的缘故。开始吐蛔虫的是佳兆，最后吐蛔虫的不是佳兆。孩子未满月就出生的，到了长大脚弱，是因为筋骨有所缺失。医术，不在于药剂本身，而在于七分道理（或指医理/手法，原文“七”可能为衍文或特指，此处依语境理解为医道精髓），只凭药剂来说明治疗的，不可以与他谈论。诊病关键在于气息，气息安静的能活，呼吸短促的会死。癖块（积聚），只有磨积的方法，没有泻下的方法。如果妄加攻伐，真元必定受伤，无法治疗。孩子腹部有肿块，不管是食积癖块还是虫积，都属于恶候，必须紧急讨论治疗。诊病以观察眼睛（银海）为关键，虚实必然显现，因为精气汇聚于此。病见五实证的会死，五虚证的也会死。病情多反复的，不可治。
Pediatric care is often compromised by excessive indulgence. Wealthy families, loving their children too much, often lead to premature death or sudden calamity; whereas poor families, providing less attentive care, often result in longer lifespans. The key to pediatric care lies in allowing the child to endure a slight chill (three parts cold) and eating until seven-tenths full. The child's chest and heart area should be kept cool, while the back and abdomen should be kept warm. Crying is like singing; lack of crying may lead to kyphosis (hunchback). Children have a physical heart but their Shen (Spirit/Mind) is not yet fully established; diseases often enter through the mouth. Do not feed solid food immediately after breastfeeding, nor breastfeed immediately after feeding solids. Long-term reliance on breast milk will inevitably lead to Gan disease (malnutrition syndrome). Medicinal tonification is inferior to dietary tonification. The child's head should be kept cool, and feet kept warm. A child's constitution is prone to both deficiency and excess; avoid administering excessive cold-natured or hot-natured medicines. A child who is smart, sensitive, and understands human intent exhibits an outward leakage of True Yang, which suggests they may be difficult to nurture. If a child is emaciated, first inspect their breastfeeding and diet. A bowl of rice porridge is superior to one jin (approx. 500g) of Ginseng. If a child's skin and complexion are bright and lustrous, it indicates retained fluid (Liuyin); use a formula for leaching out dampness. If the complexion is blue-dark, it indicates cold toxicity; use a formula for warming and dispersing. If a child has visible veins on the forehead, a thin neck, and bodily weakness, it belongs to Gan disease; treat with Chi Feng Ge (Red Wind Clam). Wind pathogens are the leaders of all diseases; diet is the origin of all treatments. If a patient cannot eat or drink, the disease is incurable. Unprovoked laughter indicates Heart Qi deficiency; infrequent laughter indicates Heart Qi excess. Children have more intestinal parasites than those in the nursing stage; illness arises from fetal toxins. When Gu Qi (postnatal grain qi) exceeds Yuan Qi (innate true qi), the body is fat but prone to disease; when Yuan Qi exceeds Gu Qi, the body is thin but rarely sick. After various diseases resolve, the Spleen and Stomach must be weak. Forcing food intake causes fever and abdominal fullness, known as "Shi Fu" (recurrence due to diet). Patients craving food should reduce intake; if they loathe food but force themselves to eat, why? Food becomes the basis of aversion because the True Yuan cannot support it. Cold and heat conditions have true and false aspects. True conditions should not be treated lightly; false manifestations should not be rigidly adhered to. Symptoms also have true and false aspects: true ones are hidden and mostly interior; false ones appear and are mostly exterior. Children should avoid overly hot or hard foods, and overeating. Physicians follow constant principles and variable changes, with approaches ranging from lenient to urgent. Do not mistake constants for variables, or variables for constants; do not mistake leniency for urgency, or urgency for leniency. Formulas contain Sovereign (Jun), Minister (Chen), Assistant (Zuo), and Envoy (Shi) herbs. Do not confuse Sovereign with Minister, or Assistant with Envoy. Formulas can be complex (multiple herbs) or simple (single herb). Complex formulas are used for nourishing and moistening; simple formulas are used for attacking pathogens. Bias leads to neglect. Dosage strategies include treating cold with heat, heat with cold, cold with cold, and heat with heat. Treating cold with heat and heat with cold constitutes Cong Zhi (Following Treatment); treating cold with cold and heat with heat constitutes Fan Zhi (Opposite Treatment). Physicians employ Fan Zhi and Cong Zhi. Excess constitutions suit Fan Zhi; deficiency constitutions suit Cong Zhi. Fan Zhi is the standard treatment; Cong Zhi is the variable treatment. Question: What is meant by "Zhui Ji" (chasing the opportunity) and "Chi Zhong" (holding steady)? Answer: "Zhui Ji" means changing formulas according to symptom evolution; "Chi Zhong" means prioritizing the root cause and maintaining the formula. One who understands "Zhui Ji" may change a hundred formulas a day without error; one who understands "Chi Zhong" may use one formula for a hundred years without error. In diagnosing, one must decide with gravity. Light-minded decisions lead to failure. Medicine is an art; formulas are easy to handle, but diseases are hard to diagnose. Those who skip diagnosis to prescribe formulas are unworthy of discussion. If a child vomits roundworms at the beginning of illness, it is a Heat pattern, and recovery is expected; vomiting roundworms at the end indicates a Cold pattern, which is incurable. Question: Why does a Heat condition worsen with Cold formulas but improve with Hot formulas? Answer: In summer, the body is naturally hot; paradoxically, pouring hot soup may cool the body later. Similarly, moxibustion on a burn reduces pain despite the heat. These are examples of Cong Zhi. Question: What distinguishes Cong Zhi and Fan Zhi? Answer: Using Cold for Heat and Hot for Cold is Fan Zhi; using Hot for Heat and Cold for Cold is Cong Zhi. Mild illnesses suit Fan Zhi; severe illnesses suit Cong Zhi. Sudden diarrhea with coma, faint wiry pulse, cold limbs, and fright indicates easier treatment in winter and harder in summer. Illnesses start as Excess and end as Deficiency. Sudden deficiency is easier to treat; gradual deficiency is harder. Pediatric illnesses often involve roundworms due to Spleen worms. Vomiting roundworms early is auspicious; late vomiting is inauspicious. Premature infants may have weak legs due to deficient tendons and bones. Medical skill lies not just in formulas but in deeper principles; discussing only formulas is insufficient. Diagnosis relies on breathing: quiet breathing indicates life, short breath indicates death. Accumulations (Pi Ku) require grinding methods, not purging. Reckless attack damages True Yuan, making cure impossible. Abdominal masses, whether food stagnation or parasite clumps, are ominous signs requiring urgent treatment. Diagnosing via the eyes (Yin Hai) is crucial as Deficiency and Excess become apparent there due to the convergence of essence. Five Excess patterns lead to death; Five Deficiency patterns also lead to death. Recurrent illnesses are incurable.