典藏书目

Pediatric cold damage (Shanghan, a disease caused by pathogenic cold) in children is no different from that in adults. The difference lies in the treatment, which must also address convulsions (Jing, often referring to febrile seizures or fright-induced symptoms in pediatrics). Additionally, some cases arise from a combination of convulsions and food retention; the treatment methods are the same as for adults, but the dosages are slightly reduced to moderate the medicinal properties. Zhang Zhongjing stated: Spring climate is mild, summer is hot, autumn is cool, and winter is cold; this is the sequence of the normal qi of the four seasons. When one is exposed to the severe cold of winter, it is named cold damage (Shanghan). Injuries from the qi of the four seasons can all cause disease. If one contracts cold toxic qi in winter and falls ill immediately, presenting with headache, body ache, feverish skin, and aversion to cold, it is named cold damage (Shanghan). If one does not fall ill immediately, the cold toxic qi hides between the skin and muscles. When yang qi arises in spring and summer, the cold toxic qi contends with yang qi between the Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) levels. The pathology is no different from immediate winter illness, but because it erupts in spring, it is named warm disease (Wenbing). If it erupts in summer, it is named heat disease (Rebing). When yang-heat is not yet vigorous and is constrained by cold, the disease is named warm (Wen); when yang-heat is already vigorous and cannot be constrained by cold, the disease is named heat (Re). Thus, imperial physicians generally refer to them all as cold damage (Shanghan). However, the transmission and transformation of heat disease, cold damage, warm disease, and seasonal epidemics are identical. Seasonal epidemic diseases (Shiqi) refer to abnormal qi present during the four seasons, such as spring being warm but turning cold, summer being hot but turning cool, autumn being cool but turning hot, and winter being cold but turning warm. When there is qi contrary to the season, and this qi invades the person, it causes headache, high fever, cough with coarse breathing, vexation, thirst, mental restlessness,恍惚 (huanghu, confusion/fright), and palpitations. Its transmission is no different from cold damage. Therefore, throughout the year, regardless of age, patients present with similar symptoms; this is the qi of the time epidemic (Shixing zhiqi), commonly known as heavenly circulation (Tianxing).

Regarding treatment: In the third and fourth months, if there is sudden cold, the yang qi is still weak and suppressed by cold, so the heat pathology is mild; Shengma Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction - *Note: Text says Shengma Tang but ingredients suggest Ge Gen Tang variant or specific local formula, sticking to text name*) and Ji Ji Tang (Muscle-Releasing Decoction) should be used. In the fifth and sixth months, yang qi is vigorous but suppressed by cold, so the heat pathology is severe. In the seventh and eighth months, yang qi is declining and suppressed by cold, so the heat pathology is slight; Tiao Zhong Tang (Middle-Regulating Decoction), She Gan Tang (Belamcanda Decoction), and Ban Xia Gui Gan Tang (Pinellia, Cinnamon, and Licorice Decoction) may be selected. For autumn dampness and winter warmth, treating dampness requires promoting urination, and treating winter warmth also requires releasing and purging. Promoting urination can be done with Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria), and releasing winter warmth is suitable with Zhe Yu Tang (Polygonatum Decoction). Winter warmth arises from contracting warm qi; cold epidemic (Hanyi) is caused by sudden cold suppressing people, not merely by exposure. Their treatments differ, and the cold, heat, warm, and cool agents applied are also distinct. One should not be bound by the number of days; sweating, vomiting, and purging should be administered according to the syndrome. Generally, treat heat with cold herbs taken warm; treat warmth with clearing herbs taken cold; treat cold with hot herbs taken cool; treat coolness with warming herbs taken at room temperature. Aim for balance, do not overdose; this is the major principle. Tang Shi’s Qi Bao San (Seven-Treasure Powder) can be taken with modifications; it is especially good if taken by the nursing mother simultaneously. For those with heat, Shengma Tang added with Chai Hu (Bupleurum), Huang Qin (Scutellaria), and Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum) can be used; Chai Hu Shi Gao Tang (Bupleurum and Gypsum Decoction) is extremely effective.

Shengma Tang: Treats pediatric seasonal epidemics, headache, fever, limb discomfort and pain, and rashes whether erupted or not, in cases of doubt. It treats cold damage and wind-cold, headache, aversion to cold with high fever, limb pain, dry nose, and insomnia. It also treats irregular cold and warmth, widespread epidemics, sudden changes from warmth to undressing, and sudden shifts from summer heat to yin-cold, causing body pain and heavy head like a stone. Add Chai Hu; if there is no sweat, add Ma Huang (Ephedra).
Ingredients: Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 1 qian), Ge Gen (Puerariae Radix, 1 qian), Bai Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 1 qian), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, roasted, 1 qian).
Preparation: Cut into pieces to make a powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water until reduced to 0.6 cups, remove dregs, and take warm. Apply similarly for rashes. Stop medication once the body cools. Adding Zi Su Ye (Perillae Folium), Fu Ling (Poria), and Chuan Xiong forms Sheng Ma Su Ye San (Cimicifuga and Perilla Leaf Powder). Add Huang Qin for heat, Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix) for sore throat, and Xuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix) for erysipelas.

Ji Ji Tang: Treats cold damage and warm disease, seasonal cold epidemics, headache, neck stiffness, aversion to cold, limb spasm, bone and joint pain, back and spine stiffness, chest and diaphragm oppression, anhidrosis, aversion to wind, and high fever.
Ingredients: Ge Gen (1 liang), Ma Huang (Epimedii Herba? No, Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed, 0.5 liang), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix, 0.5 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 2.5 qian; absent in Qian Jin Fang).
Preparation: Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water and one jujube until reduced to 0.6 cups, remove dregs, and take slightly warm. The goal is sweating. In summer, add Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and Sheng Ma, each 1 qian.

Tiao Zhong Tang: Treats late summer and early autumn, where sudden cold strikes amidst intense heat. Heat binding in the limbs causes high fever and headache; cold injuring the stomach causes diarrhea, which may be bloody, red, or white. With high fever, confusion, and rapid pulse, purgation is indicated.
Ingredients: Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 7.5 qian), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix, stir-fried, 0.5 liang), Ben Cao (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma? Text says "Ben", likely Gaoben/Ligusticum sinense, 0.5 liang), Fu Ling (Poria, 0.5 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Gan Ge (Puerariae Radix, 0.5 liang), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, 0.5 liang), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix, 0.5 liang), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 0.5 liang).
Preparation: Cut into pieces. Decoct in plain water, adjusting dosage based on age/size. Obtain free bowel movement, and high fever will cease. Remove Da Huang, add Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus), which is excellent for stopping diarrhea. Alternatively, add Di Yu (Sanguisorbae Radix) or Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix). Add Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Herba) for wind invasion. Autumn requires purgation, using Da Huang to unblock.

She Gan Tang: Treats heavy rain and cold in early autumn and mid-summer, and sudden cold from heavenly circulation. Heat tends to hide internally, causing cough, shortness of breath, hoarseness, loss of voice, dry cough without sputum, and sensation of obstruction in the throat.
Ingredients: Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, soaked in water, 5 qian), Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, roasted, 4 qian), She Gan (Belamcandae Rhizoma, 2 qian), Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, peeled and stemmed, 2 qian), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, roasted, 2 qian), Zi Wan (Asteris Radix, 2 qian), Rou Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex, 2 qian), Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, stir-fried, 2 qian), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, 2 qian), Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 2 qian), Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, 2 qian), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed, soaked in water, 2 qian).
Preparation: Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water until reduced to 0.6 cups, remove dregs, and take warm.

Ban Xia Gui Gan Tang: Treats latent qi disease, defined as sudden non-seasonal cold invading the body and hiding in the Shaoyin channel. Initially asymptomatic, it manifests after ten days to a month with weak pulse, sore throat, resembling cold damage but not Hou Bi (throat bi), followed inevitably by diarrhea. Start with Ban Xia Gui Gan Tang, then use Si Ni San (Four Counterflow Powder). This disease resolves in one or two days; ancient texts call it Kidney Cold Damage.
Ingredients: Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed, 2 liang), Gui Xin (Cinnamomi Cortex, 2 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, roasted, 2 liang).
Preparation: Cut into hemp-seed sized pieces. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water until reduced to 0.6 cups, let cool, hold in mouth and swallow slowly. Add three slices of Sheng Jiang.

Wu Ling San: Treats cold damage and warm-hot diseases where exterior and interior are unresolved, presenting with headache, fever, dry mouth and throat, vexation and thirst for drinking, or vomiting immediately after drinking, or difficult urination. Also treats post-sweating resolution of exterior with persistent vexation and thirst, and Huoluan (cholera-like disorder) with vomiting and diarrhea, dry thirst, and desire to drink.
Ingredients: Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma, 2.5 liang), Zhu Ling (Polyporus, 2.5 liang), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 1.5 liang), Fu Ling (Poria, 1.5 liang), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 1 liang).
Preparation: Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mix with hot water, anytime. Drink plenty of hot water after taking; recovery occurs with sweating. Also treats stasis-heat in the interior causing jaundice; administer with concentrated Yin Chen Hao Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba Decoction) before meals. For jaundice with thirst and heatstroke with desire to drink, water administration is also acceptable. For children, add a little Bai Zhu powder; if deficiency is present, add a little Mian Huang Qi (Astragali Radix) and Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) powder. Refer to Question 16's Chen Sha Wu Ling San (Cinnabar Five-Ingredient Powder).

Zhe Yu Tang: Treats wind-warmth, winter-warmth, and wind-stroke or cold damage in spring, presenting with fever, headache, dry throat, stiff tongue, chest and abdominal fullness, and back and spine stiffness.
Ingredients: Ge Gen (Puerariae Radix, 0.5 liang), Zhe Yu (Polygonati Rhizoma, 3 qian), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 liang), Bai Wei (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, 0.5 liang), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, 0.5 liang), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, peeled and stemmed, 0.5 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, roasted, 0.5 liang), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix, 0.5 liang).
Preparation: Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water until reduced to 0.8 cups, remove dregs, and take warm.

Qi Bao San: Treats seasonal epidemic dizziness and body heat. Adults can take this; children should take it together with their nursing mother.
Ingredients: Zi Su Ye (Perillae Folium, 3 liang), Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma, stir-fried, 3 liang), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 1 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, roasted, 1 liang), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix, de-rhizome, 1 liang), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, 1 liang), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 1 liang).
Preparation: Cut into pieces. Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with half a cup of water, one slice of ginger, and one jujube until reduced to 0.3 cups, remove dregs, and take. Add Ge Gen, Sheng Ma, and Jing Jie for heat.

Chai Hu Shi Gao Tang: Treats seasonal warm epidemics, high fever with aversion to wind, headache and body pain, nasal congestion, dry throat, chest and heart vexation and fullness, alternating chills and fever, phlegm-heat cough, and thick sticky nasal discharge and sputum.
Ingredients: Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex, 3 liang), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, 3 liang), Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 2.5 liang), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 5 liang), Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix, de-rhizome, 5 liang), Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra, 5 liang), Gan Ge (Puerariae Radix, 5 liang), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, 5 liang), Jing Jie Sui (Schizonepetae Spica, 3 liang). Add Ma Huang, Ban Xia, and Bei Wu Wei (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) if no sweat.
Preparation: Grind into coarse powder. Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water, two slices of ginger, and ten grains of Dan Chi (Fermented Soybean), until reduced to 0.7 cups, remove dregs, and take slightly warm. Divide into three doses for children, adjusting for size/age, anytime.