巢氏云∶小儿被 病者、妇人怀胎孕，有鬼神导其腹中胎，嫉妒小儿，致令此病。其状微微下利，寒热往来，毛发
，情思不悦也。千金论∶鬼 、小儿鬼也，凡妇人先有小儿，未能行而母继有胎妊，儿未节乳，渐渐羸瘦，毛发稀
黄，时作壮热，大便不匀，乃 病也，又曰继病。法当用紫霜丸下其 乳，以益黄散补之，令小儿断乳即安。消乳丸、
异功散亦良剂也。其或他妇人有妊而抱他人婴孩者，亦有此症，同此治法。有热者龙胆汤。
紫霜丸 见第三问。
益黄散 见第八问。
消乳丸 见第六十问。
异功散 见第十七问。
龙胆汤 见第三问千金龙胆汤。
千金论∶小儿春秋月晨夕中暴冷，冷气折其四肢，热不得泄则壮热，冷气入胃变成下利，或赤或白，日夜无数，小
儿腹胀痛，壮热脉洪大，或急热数者，宜调中汤下之，热便歇，利亦瘥也，但壮热不吐下者，亦宜服之。又夏月初秋，
忽有暴寒折于盛热，无可发散，客搏肌肤，发于外则为疟，发于内则为痢，内外俱发，则疟痢俱作，皆由荣卫不和，肠
胃虚弱，冷热之气乘虚客于肠胃，又因饮食所伤，冷热不调，夹冷则白，夹热则赤，冷热交攻，则脓血相杂，亦因沉积
所作，赤痢积热，白痢积冷，赤白相杂，冷热之积，若脾胃气虚，不能消化水谷，则糟粕不聚，或春间解脱风冷所伤，
肠胃虚弱，卒被风寒所折，便为下利多矣。经云∶春伤于风，夏必飧泄故也。调中汤去大黄加枳壳，更利不止，则加黄
连治之。其暴下利者，车前子末之，米饮调下亦效。暑月用五苓散、车前子散、灯心汤调服，泼火散加减服。太阳阳明
合病者必下利，葛根汤主之，呕者加半夏，四逆散亦可服。
调中汤 见第五十二问。
五苓散 见第五十二问。
车前子散 见第六十三问。
泼火散 治中暑躁烦，发渴口干，及治血痢。
青皮（去白） 赤芍药 黄连（去须） 地榆（各一两）
上为细末，冷水调下一钱，如血热妄行加甘草。
葛根汤 见第十六问。
四逆散 治少阴病，其人或咳或悸，或小便不利，或腹中痛，或泄利下重者。
甘草（炙） 枳实（炒） 柴胡 白芍药（炒、各一两）
上捣筛为细末，水饮调下二钱，日进三服。如咳者、加五味子、干姜各半两，下利悸者、加桂半两，小便不利者、
加茯苓半两，泄利下重、先浓煎薤白汤，内药末三钱匕，再煮一二沸，温服。
巢元方说：小儿患“儿”病（又称鬼疰、继病，指因前胎之灵嫉妒新胎或抱养他人婴儿所致的一种慢性消耗性疾病），以及妇女怀孕时，有鬼神引导腹中胎儿，嫉妒小儿，导致此病。其症状表现为轻微腹泻，寒热交替往来，毛发稀疏枯黄，神情抑郁不乐。
《千金方》论述：所谓“儿”，即小儿鬼也。凡是妇人先有一个孩子，尚未断奶行走，母亲又再次怀孕，前一个孩子未能及时断奶，逐渐变得消瘦，毛发稀疏枯黄，时常出现高热，大便不调，这就是“儿”病，也称为“继病”。治疗方法应当用紫霜丸攻下积滞的乳汁，再用益黄散补益脾胃，让小儿断奶后病情即可安定。消乳丸、异功散也是良好的方剂。如果有其他孕妇抱着他人的婴儿，也可能出现这种症状，采用同样的治疗方法。如果伴有热象，使用龙胆汤。
紫霜丸 见第三问。
益黄散 见第八问。
消乳丸 见第六十问。
异功散 见第十七问。
龙胆汤 见第三问千金龙胆汤。
《千金方》论述：小儿在春秋季节的早晨或傍晚突然受冷，寒气损伤四肢，热气无法宣泄则导致高热；寒气进入胃部变成腹泻，大便颜色或红或白，日夜无度，小儿腹部胀满疼痛，高热且脉象洪大，或者急迫发热、脉搏急促者，适宜用调中汤攻下，热势就会消退，腹泻也会好转。但是，如果只有高热而没有呕吐或腹泻症状的，也适宜服用此药。另外，夏末秋初，突然有寒气侵袭盛热之时，无处发散，邪气客于肌肤，发于外部则为疟疾，发于内部则为痢疾，内外同时发作，则疟疾和痢疾同时出现，这都是由于营卫不和，肠胃虚弱，冷热之气乘虚侵入肠胃，再加上饮食所伤，冷热不调，夹杂寒气则大便色白，夹杂热邪则大便色红，冷热交争，则脓血混杂，这也是因为积滞所致。赤痢是积热，白痢是积冷，赤白相杂则是冷热积滞。如果脾胃气虚，不能消化水谷，则糟粕不能成形，或者春季感受风冷伤害，肠胃虚弱，突然被风寒所伤，就会导致严重的腹泻。经书说：“春伤于风，夏必飧泄（完谷不化的腹泻）。”调中汤去掉大黄加入枳壳，如果腹泻仍然不止，则加入黄连治疗。对于暴发性腹泻，将车前子研成粉末，用米汤调服也有效。暑月使用五苓散、车前子散、灯心汤调服，泼火散加减服用。太阳阳明合病一定会出现腹泻，葛根汤主治，呕吐者加半夏，四逆散也可以服用。
调中汤 见第五十二问。
五苓散 见第五十二问。
车前子散 见第六十三问。
泼火散 治疗中暑烦躁口渴，以及治疗血痢。
青皮（去白） 赤芍药 黄连（去须） 地榆（各一两）
以上药物研为细末，冷水调服一钱，如果是血热妄行，加甘草。
葛根汤 见第十六问。
四逆散 治疗少阴病，患者或有咳嗽，或心悸，或小便不利，或腹痛，或泄利下重（腹泻伴肛门坠胀感）的情况。
甘草（炙） 枳实（炒） 柴胡 白芍药（炒，各一两）
以上药物捣碎筛成细末，用水或米饮调服二钱，每日三次。如果咳嗽，加五味子、干姜各半两；腹泻伴心悸者，加桂枝半两；小便不利者，加茯苓半两；泄利下重者，先用浓煎薤白汤，加入药末三钱匕，再煮一二沸，温服。
Chao Yuanfang stated: The disease known as "Er Bing" (also called Gui Zhu or Ji Bing, a chronic consumptive disease caused by the spirit of a previous fetus being jealous of a new one, or due to holding another's infant) in children, and during pregnancy when spirits guide the fetal energy causing jealousy towards the child, leads to this condition. Its manifestations include slight diarrhea, alternating chills and fever, sparse and withered hair, and a depressed mood.
The *Qianjin Fang* discusses: "Er" refers to the child spirit. When a woman first has a child who has not yet weaned or walked, and then becomes pregnant again, if the first child is not weaned promptly, they gradually become emaciated, with sparse yellowish hair, occasional high fever, and irregular bowel movements. This is called "Er Bing," also known as "Ji Bing." The treatment method should employ Zishuang Wan (Frost Pearl Pill) to purge accumulated milk, followed by Yihuang San (Yellow-Enhancing Powder) to tonify the spleen and stomach. Once the child is weaned, the condition will stabilize. Xiaoru Wan (Milk-Digesting Pill) and Yigong San (Extraordinary Meridian Powder) are also excellent formulas. If heat signs are present, Longdan Tang (Gentian Decoction) is used.
Zishuang Wan See Question 3.
Yihuang San See Question 8.
Xiaoru Wan See Question 60.
Yigong San See Question 17.
Longdan Tang See Question 3, Qianjin Longdan Tang.
The *Qianjin Fang* states: In spring and autumn, if children are suddenly exposed to cold in the morning or evening, the cold qi damages the four limbs. If heat cannot be vented, it results in high fever; if cold qi enters the stomach, it transforms into diarrhea. Stools may be red or white, occurring day and night without limit, accompanied by abdominal distension and pain, high fever, and a surging pulse, or urgent fever with a rapid pulse. It is appropriate to use Tiaozhong Tang (Middle-Regulating Decoction) to purge, after which the fever subsides and diarrhea improves. However, even if there is only high fever without vomiting or diarrhea, this formula is still suitable. Furthermore, at the end of summer and beginning of autumn, sudden cold striking intense heat leaves no outlet for dispersion. Pathogenic factors lodge in the skin and muscles; manifesting externally causes malaria, while internally causes dysentery. If both internal and external aspects are affected, both malaria and dysentery occur simultaneously. This is due to disharmony of Ying and Wei (nutritive and defensive qi), weakness of the intestines and stomach, and cold/heat pathogens invading due to deficiency. Additionally, dietary injury causes imbalance of cold and heat. Cold accumulation leads to white stools, heat accumulation leads to red stools, and their conflict results in mixed pus and blood. This is also due to stagnation. Red dysentery indicates accumulated heat, white dysentery indicates accumulated cold, and mixed colors indicate both. If spleen and stomach qi are deficient and unable to digest food and fluids, feces remain unformed. Or, if injured by wind-cold in spring, leading to weak intestines and stomach, sudden exposure to wind-cold can cause severe diarrhea. The Classics state: "Injury by wind in spring leads to undigested stool diarrhea in summer." For Tiaozhong Tang, remove Dahuang (Rhubarb Root) and add Zhike (Aurantium Fruit). If diarrhea persists, add Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome). For acute sudden diarrhea, Cheqianzi (Plantago Seed) powder mixed with rice water is effective. During hot months, Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria), Cheqianzi San, or Dengxin Tang (Juncus Decoction) can be taken. Popo San (Fire-Sprinkling Powder) modified may also be used. Taiyang and Yangming combined diseases必定 involve diarrhea, treated with Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction); if vomiting occurs, add Banxia (Pinellia Tuber). SiNi San (Reverse-Inversion Powder) is also applicable.
Tiaozhong Tang See Question 52.
Wuling San See Question 52.
Cheqianzi San See Question 63.
Popo San Treats summerheat-induced irritability, thirst, dry mouth, and bloody dysentery.
Qingpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, peeled) Chishao Yao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, whiskers removed) Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix) (each 1 liang)
Grind into fine powder, take 1 qian mixed with cold water. Add Gancao (Licorice Root) if bleeding is due to reckless heat.
Gegen Tang See Question 16.
SiNi San Treats Shaoyin disease where the patient may have cough, palpitations, difficult urination, abdominal pain, or tenesmus with diarrhea.
Gancao (Honey-fried) Zhishi (Stir-fried) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) Baishao Yao (Stir-fried Radix Paeoniae Alba) (each 1 liang)
Pound and sieve into fine powder. Take 2 qian mixed with water or rice drink, three times daily. If coughing, add Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry) and Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) each half liang. If diarrhea with palpitations, add Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) half liang. If difficult urination, add Fuling (Poria) half liang. For tenesmus with diarrhea, first decoct Xiebai (Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus) strongly, add 3 qianbi of the powder, boil for one or two more boils, and take warm.