仲阳云∶胃气不和，面 白无精光，口中冷气，不思食，吐水肌瘦，虚弱腹痛，当补脾益黄散主之。凡人以胃气为
本，惟治病亦然，胃气有实有虚，实者则有痞满内热之症，虚则有呕吐不食之证。虚者益之，实者损之，欲得其平则可
矣。平胃散、观音散、银白散，壮胃之剂，不可缺也。
益黄散 见第八问。
平胃散 治脾胃不和，不思饮食，心腹胁肋胀满刺痛，口苦无味，胸满短气，呕哕恶心，嗳气吐酸，面色痿黄，
体弱肌瘦，怠惰嗜卧，体重节痛，常多自利。霍乱痞噎隔气翻胃，并宜服之。
浓朴（去粗皮、水浸一宿锉、姜汁制炒、五十两） 甘草（炙、十两） 陈皮（去白、十两） 苍术（去粗皮、米
泔浸一日、焙干、五斤、炒）
上为末，每二钱，水一盏，姜二片，枣二个，煎七分，去姜枣，热服。食前入盐一捻，沸汤点服，亦得。常服调气
暖胃，化宿食，消痰饮，辟风寒暑湿，四时非节之气。
观音散 见第六十问和剂观音散。
银白散 见第十六问。
巢氏云∶夫宿食不消者、脾胃冷故也。小儿乳哺饮食，取冷过度，冷气积于脾胃。胃为水谷之海，脾气磨而消之，
胃气调和，则乳哺消化，脾伤于冷，则宿食不消，脉沉者伤食不化故也。亦有伤乳伤食而身热者，惟肚腹之热尤甚，人
之伤积，肚热粪极臭酸，而夜间有热，伤积之明验，人所未晓也。冷者消食丸、木香丸。夜间有热。天明复冷，乃是伤
寒夹食失解故也，当服白饼子，先与微利，次与参苏饮，发热地骨皮饮、秦艽散，退热而安。有实热者，大柴胡汤去大
黄，亦可服。伤寒论∶人病有宿食，何以别之？师曰；寸口脉浮而大，按之反涩，故知有宿食，当下之，宜大承气汤。
其喘发热者，紫霜丸主之。冷症用进食丸尤佳，亦治食厥，乃四肢逆冷，面色青黑是也，或当吐而苏。有痰者，温胆汤
加减服，痰定而呕自痊，冷症丁香丸可服，白饼子下痰亦可。
消食丸 见第五十九问及第六十问。
木香丸 见第四十六问。
木香 莪术 砂仁 青皮（去白） 朱砂（研细） 代赭（研、各二钱） 大丁香（一钱） 川巴豆肉（去油）
上为末和匀，飞白面糊丸麻子大，风干。每服二十三丸，乳伤乳汁下，食伤米饮下。
丁香丸
丁香 砂仁（二十粒） 使君子肉（五个） 乌梅肉 巴豆肉（各三个、去油）
上为末，烂饭丸麻子大，每服二三丸，陈皮汤下。
钱乙说：胃气不和，表现为面色苍白无光泽，口中感觉有冷气，不想吃东西，呕吐清水，身体消瘦，虚弱且腹痛，应当用补脾益黄散来主治。大凡人都以胃气为根本，治病也是如此，胃气有实邪和虚损两种情况，实证则会有痞闷胀满、内热的症状，虚证则会有呕吐、不能进食的表现。虚证要补益它，实证要削减它，想要达到平衡就可以了。平胃散、观音散、银白散，都是强壮胃气的方剂，不可缺少的。
益黄散 见第八问。
平胃散 治疗脾胃不和，不想饮食，心腹胁肋部胀满刺痛，口苦无味，胸中胀满呼吸短促，干呕恶心，打嗝吐酸水，面色萎黄，身体虚弱肌肉消瘦，倦怠懒惰嗜睡，身体沉重关节疼痛，经常容易腹泻。霍乱、痞塞、噎膈、气逆翻胃，都适宜服用。
浓朴（去掉粗皮，用水浸泡一夜后切碎，用姜汁炒制，五十两） 甘草（炙烤，十两） 陈皮（去掉白色部分，十两） 苍术（去掉粗皮，用米泔水浸泡一天，焙干，五斤，炒制）
以上药物研成细末，每次取二钱，加水一盏，生姜两片，大枣二个，煎煮至七分满，去掉姜枣，热服。饭前加入一撮盐，用沸水冲服也可以。常服可以调气暖胃，化解积食，消除痰饮，抵御风寒暑湿及四时不正之气。
银白散 见第十六问。
巢元方说：那些宿食不消化的情况，是因为脾胃寒冷所致。小儿吃奶和饮食，如果受冷过度，寒气积聚在脾胃。胃是容纳水谷的海，脾气研磨并消化它，胃气调和，那么乳汁和食物就能消化；脾受到寒凉损伤，就会导致宿食不消化，脉象沉的，是因为伤食不化造成的。也有因为伤乳或伤食而导致身体发热的，只有肚腹的热特别严重，人伤了积食，肚子热大便极臭酸，而且夜间发热，这是伤积的明显证据，是人们所不了解的。对于寒证，可以用消食丸、木香丸。夜间发热，天亮后又变冷，这是因为伤寒夹带食积未能及时解除的缘故，应当服用白饼子，先给予轻微泻下，再给予参苏饮，发热用地骨皮饮、秦艽散，退热而安顿。有实热的，大柴胡汤去掉大黄，也可以服用。《伤寒论》说：人有宿食病，如何辨别？老师说：寸口脉浮而大，按下去反而涩，所以知道有宿食，应当攻下，适宜用大承气汤。伴有气喘发热的，紫霜丸主治。寒症用进食丸尤其好，也治疗食厥，就是四肢逆冷，面色青黑，或者应当催吐而苏醒。有痰的，温胆汤加减服用，痰定而呕吐自然痊愈，寒症丁香丸可服用，白饼子下痰也可以。
消食丸 见第五十九问及第六十问。
木香丸 见第四十六问。
木香 莪术 砂仁 青皮（去掉白色部分） 朱砂（研细） 代赭石（研碎，各二钱） 大丁香（一钱） 川巴豆肉（去油）
以上药物研成细末混合均匀，用飞白面糊做成梧桐子大小的丸药，风干。每次服用二十三丸，伤乳用乳汁送下，伤食用米汤送下。
丁香 砂仁（二十粒） 使君子肉（五个） 乌梅肉 巴豆肉（各三个，去油）
以上药物研成细末，用烂饭做成梧桐子大小的丸药，每次服用二三丸，用陈皮汤送下。
Qian Yi said: In cases of disharmony of the Stomach Qi (Stomach Qi), the complexion is pale and lusterless, there is a sensation of cold air in the mouth, loss of appetite, vomiting of clear fluid, emaciation, weakness, and abdominal pain. The principal formula to use is Bupi Yihuang San (Spleen-Supplementing Yellow-Protective Powder). Generally, humans rely on Stomach Qi as the root; treating diseases is no different. Stomach Qi can present with excess or deficiency patterns. Excess patterns manifest with symptoms such as epigastric fullness and internal heat, while deficiency patterns manifest with vomiting and inability to eat. Deficiency should be tonified, and excess should be reduced; achieving balance is the goal. Pingwei San (Peaceful Stomach Powder), Guanyin San (Guanyin Powder), and Yinbai San (Silver-White Powder) are agents that strengthen the Stomach Qi and are indispensable.
Yihuang San See Question 8.
Pingwei San Treats disharmony of the Spleen and Stomach, loss of appetite, distending and stabbing pain in the heart, abdomen, hypochondrium, and ribs, bitter taste in the mouth and lack of taste, chest fullness and shortness of breath, retching, nausea, belching, and acid regurgitation, sallow complexion, weak body and emaciated muscles, lethargy and desire to lie down, heavy body and joint pain, and frequent spontaneous diarrhea. It is also suitable for cholera, obstruction, dysphagia, qi reversal, and food reflux.
Cortex Magnoli Officinalis (remove coarse bark, soak in water overnight, cut into pieces, stir-fry with ginger juice, 50 liang) Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (honey-fried or roasted, 10 liang) Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (remove white pith, 10 liang) Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Preparata (remove coarse bark, soak in rice washings for one day, bake until dry, 5 jin, stir-fry)
Grind the above ingredients into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add 1 cup of water, 2 slices of fresh ginger, and 2 jujubes. Decoct until 70% remains, discard ginger and jujube, and take hot. Alternatively, before meals, add a pinch of salt and take with boiling water. Regular consumption regulates qi, warms the stomach, resolves retained food, eliminates phlegm-fluids, and wards off wind-cold, summerheat-dampness, and irregular climatic factors of the four seasons.
Guanyin San See Question 60 and Heji Guanyin San.
Yinbai San See Question 16.
Chao Yuanfang said: Retained food that fails to digest is due to cold in the Spleen and Stomach. If infants and children consume too much cold milk or food, cold qi accumulates in the Spleen and Stomach. The Stomach is the sea of water and grain; the Spleen grinds and digests it. When Stomach Qi is harmonious, milk and food are digested. If the Spleen is injured by cold, retained food will not digest. A deep pulse indicates injury from food stagnation. There are also cases where injury from milk or food causes fever, with heat in the abdomen being particularly severe. In cases of food accumulation, the abdomen is hot, stools are extremely foul and sour-smelling, and there is fever at night. This is a clear sign of food accumulation, which people often do not understand. For cold patterns, Xiaoshi Wan (Food-Digesting Pill) or Muxiang Wan (Aucklandia Pill) may be used. Fever at night that subsides by dawn indicates cold damage complicated by food retention that was not resolved timely. One should take Baibing Zi (White Cake Pills) first to induce mild purgation, followed by Shensu Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Drink). For fever, Digupi Yin (Groundsel Root Bark Drink) or Qinjiao San (Gentian Powder) can be used to reduce fever and bring peace. For excess heat, Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) with Rhubarb removed may also be taken. *Shanghan Lun* states: "When a person has retained food, how can it be distinguished?" The Master said: "The pulse at the Cun position is floating and large, but upon pressure, it feels choppy. Thus, we know there is retained food, and it should be purged. Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is appropriate." For those with wheezing and fever, Zishuang Wan (Purple Frost Pill) is the principal treatment. For cold patterns, Jinshi Wan (Appetite-Stimulating Pill) is excellent; it also treats food syncope, characterized by cold limbs and cyanotic-black complexion, where inducing vomiting may restore consciousness. For cases with phlegm, Wendan Tang (Warm Gallbladder Decoction) modified may be taken; once phlegm settles, vomiting will naturally cease. Dingxiang Wan (Clove Pill) can be taken for cold patterns; Baibing Zi can also resolve phlegm.
Xiaoshi Wan See Questions 59 and 60.
Muxiang Wan See Question 46.
Radix Aucklandiae Rhizoma Curcumae Fructus Amomi Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (remove white pith) Cinnabaris (finely ground) Haematitum (ground, each 2 qian) Flos Caryophylli Magnificus (1 qian) Semen Crotonis Tiglii (de-oiled)
Grind the above ingredients into powder and mix evenly. Use prepared wheat starch paste to make pills the size of hemp seeds. Air-dry. Take 23 pills per dose. For milk injury, take with breast milk; for food injury, take with rice drink.
Dingxiang Wan
Flos Caryophylli Fructus Amomi Semen Quisqualis Carnis Fructus Myricae Carnis Semen Crotonis Tiglii (each 3 pieces, de-oiled)
Grind the above ingredients into powder. Use soft cooked rice to make pills the size of hemp seeds. Take 2-3 pills per dose, washed down with Chenpi Tang (Tangerine Peel Decoction).