韭菜 性温。味辛咸。
入肺肾二经。韭汁和京墨能止血。
〔宜〕 益胃，助肾，补阳，充肺气，逐停痰。（春月多食最宜）
〔忌〕 春后多食昏神。
韭子 （性温。补命门，暖膝，治阳痿）
薤 性温滑。味辛，又名 子（ 音叫）
〔宜〕 助阳，散血，泄大肠滞气。同蜜捣烂，可涂汤火伤。
葱 性温散。味辛。
和蜜可治金疮毒壅。炒热熨脐下，治阴症腹疼。
〔宜〕 煮粥治痢。发汗，通阳气，止头疼，散寒邪，利二便，治耳鸣，解诸鱼肉毒。
〔忌〕 同蜜食，同枣食。
蒜 性温。味辛。
和猪肚食之，能消鼓胀。
〔宜〕 通五脏，达诸窍，去寒湿，解暑气，辟瘟疫，消肿毒，破积化食，利大小便，解蛇虫诸毒。独头
元瓣者，治疮尤良。
〔忌〕 伤肝，损目，生痰，助火，散气，耗血，昏神。
芸苔菜 性温。味辛。
道家五荤之一。其四即韭、薤、蒜、芫荽也。
〔宜〕 散游风丹毒。
芥菜 性温。味辛。
〔宜〕 利九窍，明耳目，除邪气，止咳嗽。
油菜 性温。
〔宜〕 散血消肿。
〔忌〕 动疾发疮。
苋菜 性冷，味咸。
〔宜〕 通九窍。
〔忌〕 冷中，损腹，动气。不宜与鳖同食。
马齿苋 （性寒。散血，解毒，利肠，祛风）
菠菜 性冷滑。味甘涩。
〔宜〕 通肠胃，利五脏，解热毒酒毒。
〔忌〕 滑肠，动冷气。
莴苣菜 性冷。味甘涩。
〔宜〕 开胸膈，利气。
苦 菜 性寒，味苦。
〔宜〕 解毒。
萝卜 性温。即莱菔。
〔宜〕 消食化痰。
〔忌〕 服地黄、何首乌者，不宜食。
萝卜叶 （止痢）
萝卜子 （治痰，止嗽）
胡萝卜 （性平）
（宽中下气，散肠胃邪滞）
芫荽 性温。即胡荽。
〔宜〕 内通心脾，外达四肢，能辟一切不正之气。
〔忌〕 久食令人多忘。
茼蒿菜 性平。
〔宜〕 安心气，利肠胃，消痰饮。
〔忌〕 动风。
水芹 性平寒。
〔宜〕 消烦渴。
蒌蒿 性温。
〔宜〕 主发散。
〔忌〕 多食发疮。
菜 性平。
〔宜〕 利五脏，去头风。
〔忌〕 腹冷人食之，破腹。
黄芽菜 性平。
菘菜 性温。
即白菜。北地无菘，土不宜也。
〔宜〕 利肠胃，除胸中烦渴，消食下气，止热嗽。
〔忌〕 夏前不宜多食。发皮肤风痒。
菜 性冷滑。
〔宜〕 消渴，利便，下气，止呕。
〔忌〕 多食损胃。
蕹菜 性平。
蕨 性寒。
〔宜〕 去暴热，利水道。
〔忌〕 多食腹胀，损阳，落发。
芋 性平。
〔宜〕 宽肠胃，充肌肤，耐饥。
〔忌〕 多食难克化，滞气困脾。
薯 性平。
大者为薯，小者为山药，皮红、小似萝卜者为甜薯，又名红苕。
〔宜〕 补劳瘦，益气力，充五脏，润皮毛，除烦热。
山药（性平，入脾肺二经，补其不足，清其虚热）
（固肠胃，化痰涎，止泻痢，益心，治健忘，久食清耳目。生捣敷疮毒，消肿硬）
百合 性平。
〔宜〕 润肺，宁心，清热，益气，止嗽，除涕泪，利二便。
香椿 性寒。
香者为椿，臭者为樗。
〔宜〕 寒能胜热，苦能燥湿，涩能收敛，治湿热泄泻、滑遗，止小便。
茭白 性冷。
〔宜〕 治客热，利小便，解食毒。
芦笋同。
竹笋
冬生者性温，其余俱性冷难化。
〔宜〕 通利九窍，爽胃化热，消痰。多痰者宜食。
扁豆 性温。
〔宜〕 调脾暖胃，消暑除湿，止渴止泻，解酒毒。
豇豆 性平。
即长豆，为豆中上品。又名豆角。
〔宜〕 益气，补肾，健胃，和脏，生精除渴，止吐逆泄痢。
紫苏 性温。
〔宜〕 去寒发表，开胃除胀，辟腥解毒。
茄子 性寒。又名落苏。
〔宜〕 散血，宽肠。
〔忌〕 动风，发疾。秋后食损目。
枸杞叶 性凉。
〔宜〕 清心肺客热，去风明目。
姜 性温。
〔宜〕 生用逐寒邪能散，炮熟除胃冷能守。通神明，去秽恶，宣肺气而解郁调中，畅胃口而开痰下食。
〔忌〕 多食损目。
蘑菇 性寒。
〔宜〕 益肠胃，化痰理气。
〔忌〕 动气发病，不可多食。
羊肚菜同。
慈菇 性辛。
〔宜〕 清热治痈，除结核瘰 。
金针菜 性寒。
〔宜〕 舒脾开胃。
〔忌〕 多食滑肠。
紫菜 性寒。
〔宜〕 解烦热，消瘿结。
菌 性寒。
〔忌〕 因湿气薰蒸而成，多有毒杀人。
木耳 性凉。
〔宜〕 治牙疼、血痢，除痔。
〔忌〕 多食难化。
石耳 性冷。
〔宜〕 益精，明目，除泻血，安痔漏。
香蕈 性平。
〔宜〕 益气不饥，治风破血。
〔忌〕 生山僻处者有毒杀人。
韭菜：性温。味辛、咸。
入肺经和肾经。韭菜汁配合京墨能够止血。
【适宜】益胃，助肾，补阳，充肺气，祛除停积之痰。（春季多食最为适宜）
【禁忌】春后多食会昏乱神志。
韭子：（性温。补命门，温暖膝盖，治疗阳痿）
薤白：性温滑。味辛，又名 藙（音叫）。
【适宜】助阳，散血，泄除大肠滞气。与蜂蜜捣烂，可涂抹于烫伤或火伤处。
葱：性温散。味辛。
与蜂蜜调和可治疗金疮毒邪壅滞。炒热后熨敷脐下，可治疗阴症腹痛。
【适宜】煮粥治疗痢疾。发汗，通阳气，止头痛，散寒邪，利二便，治耳鸣，解各种鱼肉毒。
【禁忌】与蜂蜜同食，与枣同食。
蒜：性温。味辛。
与猪肚同食，能消除鼓胀。
【适宜】通五脏，达诸窍，去寒湿，解暑气，辟瘟疫，消肿毒，破积滞化食积，利大小便，解蛇虫等毒。独头蒜瓣者，治疗疮疡效果尤佳。
【禁忌】伤肝，损目，生痰，助火，散气，耗血，昏神。
芸苔菜：性温。味辛。
道家五荤之一。其四种即韭、薤、蒜、芫荽。
【适宜】散游风丹毒。
芥菜：性温。味辛。
【适宜】利九窍，明耳目，除邪气，止咳嗽。
油菜：性温。
【适宜】散血消肿。
【禁忌】动疾发疮。
苋菜：性冷，味咸。
【适宜】通九窍。
【禁忌】伤中，损腹，动气。不宜与鳖同食。
马齿苋：（性寒。散血，解毒，利肠，祛风）
菠菜：性冷滑。味甘涩。
【适宜】通肠胃，利五脏，解热毒酒毒。
【禁忌】滑肠，动冷气。
莴苣菜：性冷。味甘涩。
【适宜】开胸膈，利气。
苦菜：性寒，味苦。
【适宜】解毒。
萝卜：性温。即莱菔。
【适宜】消食化痰。
【禁忌】服用地黄、何首乌者，不宜食用。
萝卜叶：（止痢）
萝卜子：（治痰，止嗽）
胡萝卜：（性平）
（宽中下气，散肠胃邪滞）
芫荽：性温。即胡荽。
【适宜】内通心脾，外达四肢，能辟一切不正之气。
【禁忌】久食令人多忘。
茼蒿菜：性平。
【适宜】安心气，利肠胃，消痰饮。
【禁忌】动风。
水芹：性平寒。
【适宜】消烦渴。
蒌蒿：性温。
【适宜】主发散。
【禁忌】多食发疮。
白菜：性平。
【适宜】利五脏，去头风。
【禁忌】腹冷人食之，破腹。
黄芽菜：性平。
菘菜：性温。
即白菜。北方无菘，因土壤不宜种植。
【适宜】利肠胃，除胸中烦渴，消食下气，止热嗽。
【禁忌】夏前不宜多食。发皮肤风痒。
蔓菁：性冷滑。
【适宜】消渴，利便，下气，止呕。
【禁忌】多食损胃。
蕹菜：性平。
蕨：性寒。
【适宜】去暴热，利水道。
【禁忌】多食腹胀，损阳，落发。
芋：性平。
【适宜】宽肠胃，充肌肤，耐饥。
【禁忌】多食难克化，滞气困脾。
薯蓣：性平。
大者为薯，小者为山药，皮红、小似萝卜者为甜薯，又名红苕。
【适宜】补劳瘦，益气力，充五脏，润皮毛，除烦热。
山药：（性平，入脾肺二经，补其不足，清其虚热）
（固肠胃，化痰涎，止泻痢，益心，治健忘，久食清耳目。生捣敷疮毒，消肿硬）
百合：性平。
【适宜】润肺，宁心，清热，益气，止嗽，除涕泪，利二便。
香椿：性寒。
香者为椿，臭者为樗。
【适宜】寒能胜热，苦能燥湿，涩能收敛，治湿热泄泻、滑遗，止小便。
茭白：性冷。
【适宜】治客热，利小便，解食毒。
芦笋同。
竹笋：
冬生者性温，其余俱性冷难化。
【适宜】通利九窍，爽胃化热，消痰。多痰者宜食。
扁豆：性温。
【适宜】调脾暖胃，消暑除湿，止渴止泻，解酒毒。
豇豆：性平。
即长豆，为豆中上品。又名豆角。
【适宜】益气，补肾，健胃，和脏，生精除渴，止吐逆泄痢。
紫苏：性温。
【适宜】去寒发表，开胃除胀，辟腥解毒。
茄子：性寒。又名落苏。
【适宜】散血，宽肠。
【禁忌】动风，发疾。秋后食损目。
枸杞叶：性凉。
【适宜】清心肺客热，去风明目。
姜：性温。
【适宜】生用逐寒邪能散，炮熟除胃冷能守。通神明，去秽恶，宣肺气而解郁调中，畅胃口而开痰下食。
【禁忌】多食损目。
蘑菇：性寒。
【适宜】益肠胃，化痰理气。
【禁忌】动气发病，不可多食。
羊肚菜同。
慈菇：性辛。
【适宜】清热治痈，除结核瘰疬。
金针菜：性寒。
【适宜】舒脾开胃。
【禁忌】多食滑肠。
紫菜：性寒。
【适宜】解烦热，消瘿结。
菌类：性寒。
【禁忌】因湿气薰蒸而成，多有毒杀人。
木耳：性凉。
【适宜】治牙疼、血痢，除痔。
【禁忌】多食难化。
石耳：性冷。
【适宜】益精，明目，除泻血，安痔漏。
香蕈：性平。
【适宜】益气不饥，治风破血。
【禁忌】生山僻处者有毒杀人。
Leek: Nature is warm. Flavor is pungent and salty.
Enters the Lung (Fei, 肺) and Kidney (Shen, 肾) meridians. Leek juice mixed with Jingmo (Beijing ink) can stop bleeding.
[Appropriate] Benefits the stomach, assists the kidney, tonifies Yang, fills Lung Qi, and expels retained phlegm. (Most appropriate to eat in large quantities in spring.)
[Contraindicated] Eating in large quantities after spring confuses the spirit.
Leek Seed: (Nature is warm. Tonifies the Gate of Vitality (Mingmen, 命门), warms the knees, treats impotence.)
Allium macrostemon (Xiebai, 薤): Nature is warm and slippery. Flavor is pungent, also known as Xie (pronounced "jiao").
[Appropriate] Assists Yang, disperses blood, and drains stagnant Qi in the Large Intestine. Pounded with honey, it can be applied to burns or scalds.
Scallion (Cong, 葱): Nature is warm and dispersing. Flavor is pungent.
Mixed with honey, it treats toxic obstruction from metal wounds. Heated and fried, then applied to the lower abdomen, it treats Yin-pattern abdominal pain.
[Appropriate] Boiled into porridge to treat dysentery. Induces sweating, unblocks Yang Qi, stops headache, disperses cold pathogen, benefits urination and defecation, treats tinnitus, and resolves various fish and meat toxins.
[Contraindicated] Do not consume with honey or dates.
Garlic (Suan, 蒜): Nature is warm. Flavor is pungent.
Consumed with pig stomach, it eliminates distension.
[Appropriate] Unblocks the five Zang organs, reaches all orifices, removes cold-dampness, resolves summer-heat, wards off plague, reduces swelling and toxicity, breaks accumulation and transforms food stagnation, benefits urination and defecation, and resolves snake and insect toxins. Single-clove garlic is especially effective for treating sores.
[Contraindicated] Damages the liver, harms the eyes, generates phlegm, aids fire, scatters Qi, consumes Blood, and confuses the spirit.
Rapeseed Greens (Yuntaicai, 芸苔菜): Nature is warm. Flavor is pungent.
One of the Five Pungents (Wuhun, 五荤) of Daoism. The other four are leek, Allium macrostemon, garlic, and coriander.
[Appropriate] Disperses wandering wind and erysipelas.
Mustard Greens (Jiecài, 芥菜): Nature is warm. Flavor is pungent.
[Appropriate] Benefits the nine orifices, clarifies ears and eyes, removes evil pathogens, stops cough.
Rape (Youcai, 油菜): Nature is warm.
[Appropriate] Disperses blood and reduces swelling.
[Contraindicated] Aggravates diseases and induces sores.
Amaranth (Xiancai, 苋菜): Nature is cold, flavor is salty.
[Appropriate] Unblocks the nine orifices.
[Contraindicated] Injures the middle Jiao, damages the abdomen, stirs up Qi. Should not be eaten with turtle.
Purslane (Machixian, 马齿苋): (Nature is cold. Disperses blood, resolves toxicity, benefits the intestines, dispels wind.)
Spinach (Bocai, 菠菜): Nature is cold and slippery. Flavor is sweet and astringent.
[Appropriate] Unblocks the stomach and intestines, benefits the five Zang organs, resolves heat toxicity and alcohol toxicity.
[Contraindicated] Slippery to the intestines, stirs up cold Qi.
Lettuce (Wojucai, 莴苣菜): Nature is cold. Flavor is sweet and astringent.
[Appropriate] Opens the chest and diaphragm, benefits Qi movement.
Bitter Vegetable (Kucái, 苦菜): Nature is cold, flavor is bitter.
[Appropriate] Resolves toxicity.
Radish (Luobo, 萝卜): Nature is warm. Also known as Laifu (Raphanus sativus).
[Appropriate] Transforms food stagnation and resolves phlegm.
[Contraindicated] Those taking Rehmannia (Dihuang, 地黄) or Polygonum multiflorum (Heshouwu, 何首乌) should not eat it.
Radish Leaf: (Stops dysentery.)
Radish Seed: (Treats phlegm, stops cough.)
Carrot: (Nature is neutral.)
(Widens the middle and directs Qi downward, disperses evil stagnation in the stomach and intestines.)
Coriander (Yansui, 芫荽): Nature is warm. Also known as Huxu.
[Appropriate] Internally connects the Heart and Spleen, externally reaches the limbs, and can ward off all improper Qi.
[Contraindicated] Long-term consumption causes forgetfulness.
Crown Daisy (Tonghaocai, 茼蒿菜): Nature is neutral.
[Appropriate] Calms Heart Qi, benefits the stomach and intestines, transforms phlegm-fluids.
[Contraindicated] Stirrs up wind.
Water Dropwort (Shuiqin, 水芹): Nature is neutral and cold.
[Appropriate] Relieves thirst and irritability.
Artemisia selengensis (Louhao, 蒌蒿): Nature is warm.
[Appropriate] Primarily for dispersion.
[Contraindicated] Eating in large quantities induces sores.
Turnip (Bocai, 芜菁): Nature is neutral.
[Appropriate] Benefits the five Zang organs, removes head wind.
[Contraindicated] For those with cold abdomen, eating it damages the abdomen.
Yellow Sprout Cabbage (Huangyacai, 黄芽菜): Nature is neutral.
Chinese Cabbage (Songcai, 菘菜): Nature is warm.
It is Chinese cabbage. There is no Songcai in the north due to unsuitable soil.
[Appropriate] Benefits the stomach and intestines, removes chest irritability and thirst, transforms food and directs Qi downward, stops heat-induced cough.
[Contraindicated] Should not be eaten in large quantities before summer. Induces skin itching.
Turnip Greens (Bocai, 芜菁叶): Nature is cold and slippery.
[Appropriate] Relieves thirst, benefits urination, directs Qi downward, stops vomiting.
[Contraindicated] Eating in large quantities damages the stomach.
Water Spinach (Wengcai, 蕹菜): Nature is neutral.
Bracken (Jue, 蕨): Nature is cold.
[Appropriate] Removes sudden heat, benefits water passages.
[Contraindicated] Eating in large quantities causes abdominal distension, damages Yang, and causes hair loss.
Taro (Yu, 芋): Nature is neutral.
[Appropriate] Widens the stomach and intestines, fills the flesh, sustains hunger.
[Contraindicated] Eating in large quantities is hard to digest, stagnates Qi, and burdens the Spleen.
Yam (Shu, 薯): Nature is neutral.
The large ones are Shu, the small ones are Shan Yao (Dioscorea opposita), the red-skinned small ones resembling radishes are sweet potatoes, also known as Hongshao.
[Appropriate] Tonifies emaciation from deficiency, boosts Qi and strength, fills the five Zang organs, moistens skin and hair, removes irritability and heat.
Chinese Yam (Shanyao, 山药): (Nature is neutral, enters the Spleen (Pi, 脾) and Lung (Fei, 肺) meridians, tonifies insufficiency, clears deficient heat.)
(Solidifies the stomach and intestines, transforms phlegm-saliva, stops diarrhea and dysentery, benefits the Heart, treats forgetfulness, long-term consumption clarifies ears and eyes. Raw and pounded applied to toxic sores reduces swelling and hardness.)
Lily Bulb (Baihe, 百合): Nature is neutral.
[Appropriate] Moistens the Lung, calms the Heart, clears heat, boosts Qi, stops cough, eliminates nasal discharge and tears, benefits urination and defecation.
Toona sinensis (Xiangchun, 香椿): Nature is cold.
The fragrant one is Chun, the foul-smelling one is Chu.
[Appropriate] Cold overcomes heat, bitterness dries dampness, astringency consolidates. Treats damp-heat diarrhea and seminal emission, stops urination frequency.
Arrowhead (Jiaobai, 茭白): Nature is cold.
[Appropriate] Treats exogenous heat, benefits urination, resolves food toxicity.
Asparagus is the same.
Bamboo Shoot (Zhunsun, 竹笋):
Those grown in winter are warm-natured; the rest are cold-natured and hard to digest.
[Appropriate] Unblocks the nine orifices, refreshes the stomach and transforms heat, resolves phlegm. Suitable for those with excessive phlegm.
Hyacinth Bean (Biandou, 扁豆): Nature is warm.
[Appropriate] Regulates the Spleen and warms the stomach, dissipates summer-heat and dampness, relieves thirst and stops diarrhea, resolves alcohol toxicity.
Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (Jiangdou, 豇豆): Nature is neutral.
Also known as long bean, it is a superior variety among beans. Also called Doujiao.
[Appropriate] Boosts Qi, tonifies the kidney, strengthens the stomach, harmonizes the Zang organs, generates essence and relieves thirst, stops vomiting and dysentery.
Perilla (Zisu, 紫苏): Nature is warm.
[Appropriate] Expels cold and releases the exterior, opens the stomach and reduces distension, wards off fishy odors and resolves toxicity.
Eggplant (Qiezi, 茄子): Nature is cold. Also known as Lusu.
[Appropriate] Disperses blood, widens the intestines.
[Contraindicated] Stirrs up wind, induces disease. Eating after autumn damages the eyes.
Goji Leaf (Gouqiye, 枸杞叶): Nature is cool.
[Appropriate] Clears exogenous heat from the Heart and Lung, dispels wind and clarifies the eyes.
Ginger (Jiang, 姜): Nature is warm.
[Appropriate] When raw, it disperses cold pathogens; when roasted/cooked, it retains warmth to remove stomach cold. Clarifies the spirit, removes filth, promotes Lung Qi to resolve depression and regulate the middle, opens the appetite to transform phlegm and promote digestion.
[Contraindicated] Eating in large quantities damages the eyes.
Mushroom (Mogu, 蘑菇): Nature is cold.
[Appropriate] Benefits the stomach and intestines, transforms phlegm and regulates Qi.
[Contraindicated] Stirrs up Qi and induces disease; should not be eaten in large quantities.
Morel is the same.
Colocasia esculenta (Cigu, 慈菇): Nature is pungent.
[Appropriate] Clears heat and treats abscesses, removes tuberculous lymphadenitis (scrofula).
Daylily (Jinhuacai, 金针菜): Nature is cold.
[Appropriate] Soothes the Spleen and opens the stomach.
[Contraindicated] Eating in large quantities makes the intestines slippery.
Seaweed (Zicai, 紫菜): Nature is cold.
[Appropriate] Resolves irritability and heat, dissipates goiter nodules.
Fungi (Jun, 菌): Nature is cold.
[Contraindicated] Formed by humid air vaporization; many are toxic and fatal.
Wood Ear Mushroom (Mu'er, 木耳): Nature is cool.
[Appropriate] Treats toothache and bloody dysentery, removes hemorrhoids.
[Contraindicated] Eating in large quantities is hard to digest.
Rock Ear (Shier, 石耳): Nature is cold.
[Appropriate] Benefits essence, clarifies the eyes, stops bloody diarrhea, stabilizes hemorrhoids and fistulas.
Shiitake (Xiangxun, 香蕈): Nature is neutral.
[Appropriate] Boosts Qi to prevent hunger, treats wind and breaks blood stasis.
[Contraindicated] Those growing in remote mountains are toxic and fatal.