吐泻多病于春夏秋三时。惟冬时绝少者。盖吐泻皆因脾胃虚冷热所致。以冬时阳气在内。多食温暖。少饮水
浆故也。设有患者。必因伤于乳食也。若春时病吐泻者。多因于风。夏时病者多因于热。秋时病者多因于冷。凡
治吐泻者。必当参其时候。观其形证。察其温凉寒热。如此则无误矣。
伤风吐泻。身温。乍凉乍热。呵欠顿闷多睡。口中气粗而热。大便黄白色。呕吐乳食不消。时咳嗽。宜散风补
肺。如先已曾经下。或无下证。慎不可下也。此由脾肺受寒。不能入脾也。更有五脏兼见之证。发散者。化大青
膏服之。补脾者。后服益黄散。此钱乙所用药也。方在本集。
伤风吐泻。身热多睡。能乳。呵欠顿闷。口中气热。饮水不止。吐痰。大便黄水。此为胃虚。热渴吐泻也。
当生胃中津液。以止其渴。钱乙用白术煎汤服之。然后发散风冷。亦用大青膏。又云。吐泻昏睡露睛者。胃虚热
也。吐泻昏睡不露睛者。胃实热也。
伤风吐泻。身凉吐沫。泻青白色。呵欠闷乱。不渴。哽气长出。昏睡露睛。此伤风荏苒轻怯。因成吐泻。当
先补脾。钱乙先用益黄散。后发散其风。用大青膏。此二病于春冬多也。
吐泻乳食不化。其吐及粪。皆有酸臭气者。此伤食吐泻也。凡吐乳泻黄赤者。伤热乳食也。若吐乳泻青白
者。伤冷乳食也。并宜微下之。后和胃气。虚者以缓化滞药渐磨化之。
吐泻在初生三日内。壮热不乳。大便乳不消化。或白色者。是伤乳。当微与下。后和胃气。虚者以缓化滞
药渐磨化之。
吐泻在初生三日以上至十日。身温凉。不思乳。大便青白。乳不消化。此上实下虚也。更有五脏兼见证。泻
其所实者。而补其脾胃虚者也。
吐泻有兼藏证者。兼肺则睡露睛喘气。兼心则惊悸饮水。兼脾则困倦饶睡。（吐泻乃脾胃之本病）兼肝则呵
欠顿闷。兼肾则不语畏明。
昔钱乙治冯承务子五岁。吐泻壮热。不思食。乙见儿目中黑睛少。白睛多。面色 白。乙曰。此子必多病。
面色 白者。神怯也。黑睛少者。肾虚也。本怯而虚。故多病也。纵长成。必肌肤不壮。不耐寒暑。易虚易实。
脾胃亦怯。更不可纵于酒欲。若不保养。不过壮年也。面上常无精神光泽。如妇人之失血也。今吐泻不食。壮热
者。微有伤食也。又虚怯则不可下。下之虚。入肺则嗽。入心则惊。入脾则困倦。入肾则加虚。但当以药磨化
之。为微有食伤也。若重伤则须下之。不下则成癖也。若实食在内。乃可下也。下毕补脾必愈。随其虚实。无
不效者。乙所用药。其方在本集载之。
吐泻病多见于春、夏、秋三季。只有在冬季极少发生。这是因为吐泻都是由脾胃虚弱，受寒或受热所致。在冬季，阳气潜藏于体内，人们多吃温热食物，少喝汤水，所以很少发病。如果冬季有人患病，必定是因为乳食损伤所致。如果在春季患吐泻病，多因风邪引起；夏季患病多因热邪引起；秋季患病多因冷邪引起。凡是治疗吐泻病，必须参考当时的季节气候，观察患者的形体和证候，辨别其温凉寒热的性质。这样就不会出现误诊了。
伤风引起的吐泻，身体温度正常（或微温），体温忽高忽低，经常打哈欠、神情呆滞、嗜睡，口中气息粗重且发热，大便呈黄白色，呕吐未消化的乳食，时常咳嗽。适宜采用疏散风邪、补益肺气的治法。如之前已经使用过泻下法，或者没有可下之证，千万不可再用泻下法。这是由于脾肺受寒，寒气不能入脾所致。此外还有五脏兼见的证候。发散风邪者，服用化大青膏；补益脾胃者，随后服用益黄散。这是钱乙所用的药方。方剂收录在本集中。
伤风引起的吐泻，身体发热、嗜睡，能进食乳汁，打哈欠、神情呆滞，口中气息发热，饮水不止，呕吐痰涎，大便呈黄色水样。这是胃虚，伴有热渴和吐泻的症状。应当滋生胃中的津液，以止住口渴。钱乙用白术煎汤让患儿服用，然后再疏散风冷。也使用大青膏。又说：吐泻导致昏睡且眼睛半睁（露睛）的，是胃虚热；吐泻导致昏睡但眼睛紧闭（不露睛）的，是胃实热。
伤风引起的吐泻，身体发凉，口吐泡沫，大便呈青白色，打哈欠、烦躁不安，不口渴，频繁嗳气并长出气，昏睡且眼睛半睁（露睛）。这是伤风迁延日久，体质虚弱怯懦，因而形成吐泻。应当先补益脾胃。钱乙先用益黄散，然后疏散风邪，使用大青膏。这两种病在春冬两季较多见。
吐泻且乳食不消化，呕吐物和粪便都有酸臭气味的，这是伤食引起的吐泻。凡是呕吐乳汁、腹泻黄赤色大便的，是伤了热性的乳食。如果呕吐乳汁、腹泻青白色大便的，是伤了冷性的乳食。都适宜轻微泻下，之后调和胃气。体虚者用缓和的消导滞积药物慢慢磨化积滞。
新生儿出生后三天内出现的吐泻，高热不吃奶，大便中有未消化的乳块，或者大便呈白色的，是伤乳所致。应当轻微泻下，之后调和胃气。体虚者用缓和的消导滞积药物慢慢磨化积滞。
新生儿出生三天以上至十日内出现的吐泻，身体温度正常偏凉，不想吃奶，大便青白色，乳食不消化。这是上实下虚的证候。更有五脏兼见的证候。应当泻其有余的实邪，而补益脾胃的虚弱。
吐泻兼有脏腑证候的：兼肺则睡眠时眼睛半睁（露睛）、气喘；兼心则惊悸、想喝水；兼脾则困倦、嗜睡。（吐泻本是脾胃的疾病）兼肝则打哈欠、神情呆滞；兼肾则不语、畏光。
从前钱乙治疗冯承务的儿子，五岁，吐泻伴壮热，不想吃东西。钱乙看到孩子黑眼球少，白眼球多，面色苍白。钱乙说：“这个孩子一定多病。面色苍白，是神气怯弱；黑眼球少，是肾虚。本来怯弱又肾虚，所以容易生病。即使长大成人，也必然肌肉不健壮，不耐寒暑，容易虚实变化，脾胃也怯弱。更不可放纵酒欲。如果不注意保养，活不到壮年就会去世。脸上常无精神光泽，就像妇女失血的样子。现在吐泻不吃东西，壮热，是有轻微的伤食。另外，虚怯的孩子不可泻下。泻下会导致虚损加重，邪气入肺则咳嗽，入心则惊悸，入脾则困倦，入肾则更加虚弱。只应当用药慢慢磨化积滞，因为只是轻微的食物损伤。如果伤食严重则必须泻下。不泻下则会形成癖积。如果是实邪积食在体内，才可以泻下。泻下之后补益脾胃，必定痊愈。根据患儿的虚实情况施治，没有不有效的。钱乙所用的药方，记载在本集中。”
Diarrhea and vomiting are more common during the spring, summer, and autumn seasons. They rarely occur in winter. This is because diarrhea and vomiting are caused by deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach, combined with cold or heat pathogens. In winter, Yang Qi resides internally, people consume more warm foods, and drink less liquid, hence the rarity of such diseases. If a patient does fall ill in winter, it must be due to damage from milk or food. If one suffers from diarrhea and vomiting in spring, it is mostly due to Wind; in summer, due to Heat; in autumn, due to Cold. When treating diarrhea and vomiting, one must consider the season, observe the physical signs and symptoms, and examine whether the condition is warm, cool, cold, or hot. Only then will there be no error.
Wind-damage causing diarrhea and vomiting presents with body warmth, alternating chills and fever, frequent yawning, listlessness, and excessive sleepiness. The breath is coarse and hot, stools are yellowish-white, vomit contains undigested milk/food, and there is occasional coughing. The treatment should involve dispersing Wind and tonifying the Lung. If purgatives have already been used, or if there are no indications for purgation, one must strictly avoid using them. This arises from Cold invading the Spleen and Lung, preventing proper transformation. There may also be syndromes involving the Five Zang organs. For dispersing Wind, administer Hua Da Qing Gao (Great Blue Paste). To tonify the Spleen, subsequently administer Yi Huang San (Yellow Benefit Powder). These are formulas used by Qian Yi. The prescriptions are recorded in this collection.
Wind-damage causing diarrhea and vomiting, characterized by fever, excessive sleepiness, ability to suckle, yawning, listlessness, hot breath, incessant drinking, vomiting of phlegm, and yellow watery stools, indicates Stomach deficiency with Heat, thirst, diarrhea, and vomiting. One should generate fluids in the Stomach to quench thirst. Qian Yi prescribed decoction of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) for oral administration, followed by dispersing Wind-Cold, also using Da Qing Gao. It is further stated that: if diarrhea and vomiting lead to lethargy with eyes partially open (exposed pupils), it is Stomach deficiency-Heat; if lethargy occurs with eyes closed, it is Stomach excess-Heat.
Wind-damage causing diarrhea and vomiting, presenting with cool body temperature, foaming at the mouth, greenish-white stools, yawning, restlessness, absence of thirst, frequent belching with long sighs, lethargy, and exposed pupils, indicates chronic wind-invasion leading to weakness and fragility, resulting in diarrhea and vomiting. Treatment should first tonify the Spleen. Qian Yi first used Yi Huang San, then dispersed Wind using Da Qing Gao. These two conditions are more common in spring and winter.
Diarrhea and vomiting with undigested food, where both vomit and feces have a sour, foul odor, indicate food-damage diarrhea and vomiting. Vomiting milk and passing yellow-red stools suggests damage from hot milk/food. Vomiting milk and passing greenish-white stools suggests damage from cold milk/food. Mild purgation is suitable in all cases, followed by harmonizing Stomach Qi. For deficient patients, use mild resolving agents to gradually break down stagnation.
Diarrhea and vomiting occurring within three days after birth, accompanied by high fever, refusal to suckle, and undigested milk or white stools, indicates milk-damage. Mild purgation is appropriate, followed by harmonizing Stomach Qi. Deficient patients should use mild resolving agents to gradually break down stagnation.
Diarrhea and vomiting occurring between three days and ten days after birth, with normal-to-cool body temperature, refusal to suckle, greenish-white stools, and undigested milk, indicates upper excess and lower deficiency. Syndromes involving the Five Zang organs may also appear. One should purge the excess and tonify the deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach.
Diarrhea and vomiting accompanied by organ-specific syndromes: involvement of the Lung presents with exposed pupils during sleep and panting; involvement of the Heart presents with palpitations and desire to drink; involvement of the Spleen presents with fatigue and excessive sleepiness. (Diarrhea and vomiting are fundamentally diseases of the Spleen and Stomach); involvement of the Liver presents with yawning and listlessness; involvement of the Kidney presents with muteness and photophobia.
Previously, Qian Yi treated the five-year-old son of Feng Chengwu, who suffered from diarrhea, vomiting, high fever, and anorexia. Qian Yi observed that the child had fewer black irises than whites, and a pale complexion. Qian Yi said, "This child is prone to illness. A pale complexion indicates timidity of Shen (Spirit); fewer black irises indicate Kidney deficiency. Being inherently timid and deficient, he falls ill often. Even if he grows up, his muscles will likely not be robust, he will be intolerant to cold and heat, and prone to vacuity and excess fluctuations. His Spleen and Stomach will also be weak. He must not indulge in alcohol or sexual desires. Without proper care, he will not reach middle age. His face will lack spiritual luster, resembling that of a woman who has lost blood. Currently, the diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, and high fever suggest slight food damage. Furthermore, a deficient and timid child should not be purged. Purgation increases deficiency: pathogenic factors entering the Lung cause cough; entering the Heart cause palpitations; entering the Spleen cause fatigue; entering the Kidney worsen deficiency. One should only use medicine to gradually resolve the stagnation, as the food damage is slight. If the damage is severe, purgation is necessary; otherwise, it becomes a mass accumulation (Pi Ji). If solid food stagnation exists internally, purgation is permissible. After purgation, tonifying the Spleen ensures recovery. Treating according to vacuity and excess yields effective results. The formulas used by Qian Yi are recorded in this collection."