小儿寒热者。由风邪外客于腠理。痰饮内渍于脏腑。致血气不足。阴阳更胜而所作也。阳胜则发热。阴胜则
发寒。阴阳交争。邪正相干。则寒热往来。时发时止。然此证与疟相似。而发寒不致战栗。发热不致闷乱。所以
异也。今叙方于后。
人参前胡散
治寒热往来。
人参（去芦） 柴胡（去苗各一两） 前胡（去芦一两） 桔梗（去芦） 半夏（汤洗七次焙干） 地骨皮
（去骨） 甘草（炙各半两）
上为细末。每一钱。水一盏。入生姜二片。煎至半盏。去滓服。无时。
秦艽汤
秦艽（去芦一两） 鳖甲（一两酥炙黄去裙 ） 川大黄（半两锉碎微炒） 竹茹（一分） 麻黄（去根节
半两） 甘草（一分）
上为粗末。每服一钱。水一盏。入葱白二寸。煎至五分。去滓温服。无时。
又方 治如前。及治赤气中人。以猪后蹄烧灰研末。以乳汁调服一钱。治中热亦佳。
香甲散
治寒热肌瘦。
木香（一两） 鳖甲（一两酥炙黄去裙 ） 川大黄（半两锉微炒） 当归（去芦洗净焙半两） 槟榔（三
个） 陈皮（汤浸去白焙秤半两） 柴胡（去苗半两） 知母（半两） 甘草（半两）
上为粗末。每服一钱。水一盏。生姜二片。煎至六分。去滓温服。无时。
二姜丸
治痹疾。发寒热似疟。干姜良姜各等分。细锉。同炒黄。为细末。 饼和丸绿豆大。每服三五丸。煎杨柳枝
汤送下。空心服。亦治疟。
冬瓜汁
治生下至五月以里。乍寒乍热。往来无时。以冬瓜炮熟。绞汁与服。或锉柳枝。煮汁浴儿。
小儿寒热病，是由于风邪外侵于腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔），痰饮内停于脏腑，导致气血不足，阴阳相互偏胜而形成的。阳气偏胜则发热，阴气偏胜则发寒。若阴阳交争，邪气与正气相干，就会出现寒热往来、时发时止的症状。然而此证与疟疾相似，但发寒时不出现战栗，发热时不出现烦闷扰乱，这是两者的区别所在。现将相关方剂叙述如下：
人参前胡散
治疗寒热往来。
人参（去除芦头）一两，柴胡（去除苗茎）一两，前胡（去除芦头）一两，桔梗（去除芦头），半夏（用汤洗七次后焙干），地骨皮（去除木心），甘草（炙制）各半两。
以上药物研为细末。每次服用一钱，加水一盏，放入生姜两片，煎至半盏，去渣服用，不拘时候。
秦艽汤
秦艽（去除芦头）一两，鳖甲（一两，用酥炙黄后去除裙边），川大黄（半两，锉碎微炒），竹茹（一分），麻黄（去除根节）半两，甘草（一分）。
以上药物研为粗末。每次服用一钱，加水一盏，放入葱白二寸，煎至五分，去渣温服，不拘时候。
又一方，治疗方法同上。并用于治疗赤气中人（指感受暑热毒气或疫疠之气），将猪后蹄烧成灰研末，用乳汁调服一钱。治疗中热（中暑或体内积热）也很好。
香甲散
治疗寒热且肌肉消瘦。
木香一两，鳖甲（一两，用酥炙黄后去除裙边），川大黄（半两，锉碎微炒），当归（去除芦头洗净焙干）半两，槟榔三个，陈皮（汤浸去白焙干秤量）半两，柴胡（去除苗茎）半两，知母半两，甘草半两。
以上药物研为粗末。每次服用一钱，加水一盏，生姜两片，煎至六分，去渣温服，不拘时候。
二姜丸
治疗痹疾（此处指类似疟疾的寒热病症），发作时寒热似疟。干姜、良姜各等分，细锉，同炒至黄色，研为细末。用面饼和药制成如绿豆大的丸剂。每次服用三至五丸，用杨柳枝煎汤送下，空腹服用。也可治疗疟疾。
冬瓜汁
治疗从出生到五个月以内的婴儿，忽冷忽热，发作无定时。将冬瓜炮熟，绞取汁液给婴儿服用。或者锉碎柳枝，煮汁给婴儿洗澡。
Pediatric cold-heat syndrome arises from wind pathogen invading the exterior at the *couli* (pores and interstices of the skin) and phlegm-fluid retention stagnating within the zang-fu organs, resulting in deficiency of qi and blood, and alternating excess of yin and yang. Excess of yang leads to fever; excess of yin leads to chills. When yin and yang contend with each other, and pathogenic factors interfere with healthy qi, symptoms of alternating chills and fever occur, appearing intermittently. However, this condition resembles malaria (*Nue*), yet differs in that chills do not cause shivering, and fever does not cause mental restlessness or confusion. The following formulas are presented:
**Renshen Qianhu San (Ginseng and Peucedanum Powder)**
Indicated for alternating chills and fever.
Ingredients: Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum), Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Preparation: Grind all ingredients into a fine powder. Take one qian (approx. 3-5g) per dose. Add one cup of water and two slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). Decoct until half a cup remains, strain, and take. No specific timing required.
**Qinjiao Tang (Gentian Decoction)**
Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum), Chuan Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Preparation: Grind into a coarse powder. Take one qian per dose. Add one cup of water and two cun (approx. 6cm) of Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus). Decoct until five fen remain, strain, and take warm. No specific timing required.
**Another Formula:** Treats as above. Also used for "Chi Qi" invasion (pathogenic heat/toxicity affecting the person). Burn the hind trotters of a pig to ash, grind into powder, mix with milk, and take one qian. It is also effective for treating internal heat.
**Xiangjia San (Costus and Turtle Shell Powder)**
Indicated for alternating chills and emaciation.
Ingredients: Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum), Chuan Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Preparation: Grind into a coarse powder. Take one qian per dose. Add one cup of water and two slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). Decoct until six fen remain, strain, and take warm. No specific timing required.
**Erjiang Wan (Two Gingers Pill)**
Indicated for Bi disease presenting with chills and fever resembling malaria. Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and Liangjiang (Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma) in equal parts. Finely cut and stir-fried together until yellow, then ground into a fine powder. Mix with dough to form pills the size of mung beans. Take three to five pills per dose, washed down with decoction of Yangliuzhi (Salix Twig). Take on an empty stomach. Also treats malaria.
**Donggua Zhi (Winter Melon Juice)**
Indicated for infants from birth up to five months old who experience intermittent chills and fever without regular timing. Roast winter melon until cooked, squeeze out the juice, and administer to the infant. Alternatively, chop Liu Zhi (Salix Twig), boil to make a decoction, and use it for bathing the infant.