凡乳母慎护养儿。乳哺欲其有节。襁褓欲其有宜。达其饥饱。察其强弱。适其 薄。循其寒燠。盖自有道。不可不
知也。
凡儿自初生至盈月。宜常常时取猪乳汁滴儿口中。令咽。最为佳妙。又以珍珠末一大豆许。用蜜一蚬壳和之。分三
次或四次。每十日内外与一次。涂儿口中。安心神。镇魂魄。
凡儿生肌肉未成。不可与暖浓新绵之衣。当与故絮帛薄衣。若与新绵浓暖，则蒸燠生热。筋骨缓弱。故圣济经云。
襁褓者衣欲旧帛。绵欲故絮。非乃恶于新燠。亦资父母之余气。以致养焉。
凡乳母。若遇天和无风之时。当抱儿在日中嬉戏。使数见风日。则血凝气刚。肌肉硬密。堪耐风寒。若藏帏帐之内。
重衣温暖。譬如阴地草木。不见风日。则脆软不任。易为伤损。故圣济经言。重衣温浓。帏帐周密。宜与减损。甚则伤
皮肤。害血脉。是生多疾也。
凡儿常令薄衣，虽冬月。但令着两夹衣。及衲衣之类，若极寒。即渐加旧絮衣。人家多务爱惜。乃以新绵浓衣。温
养过宜。适以为害。薄衣之法。当从秋习之，若至来春稍暖。须渐减其衣。不可便行卒减，恐令儿伤中风寒。
凡儿于冬月。须着帽项之衣。夏月须着背褡。及于当脊。更衬缀一重。以防风寒所干。谓诸脏之俞。皆在于背故也。
又常令乳母。每日三时。摸儿项后筋两辕之间。名曰风池。若热。即须熨之。令微汗则愈。谚云。戒养小儿。慎护风池
者是也。
凡儿于春时。不可覆头裹足。致阳气不得出泄。则发热矣。
凡儿常当看觑消息。无令身体有汗。若汗出则致腠理虚。而以受风寒。昼夜寤寐。皆当慎之。须审天气冷暖。衣服
浓薄。
凡儿于暑月。时常令在凉处。勿禁水浆。但少少与之。唯是不宜多与。
凡儿不可抱于檐下洗浴。又不可当风解脱。恐为寒干。又啼哭未断。不可与乳。冒冷冲寒。不可哺饲。恐为食伤。
又不可近神佛之前。驴马之畔。又不可令儿见怪异之物。及各门异户不相识之人。恐为客忤。
凡儿生三日之外。当与少哺。姚和众云。以粟米煮粥。饮研如乳汁。每日与半蚬壳许。以助谷神。导达肠胃。孙真
人云。以粳米饮。七日外与三大豆许。慎不可杂与药吃。巢氏云。儿生满三十日后。当哺少物。如二枣核许。至五十日。
如樱桃许。至百日。如大枣许。若乳少。当以意增之。不可多与。恐不能胜。别生病矣。若乳多。不消哺食者。亦须少
少与之。以壮肠胃。儿大。稍稍增之。当有常剂。圣济经亦云。儿生三日用饮。过三日用哺。哺之以赖壳气也。哺之多
少。量日为则。如是则五脏得养。而胃气壮矣。今之养小儿者。多务爱惜过当。往往至二三岁。尚未与食。致脾胃虚弱。
体力怯软。平生多病。若在半年之后。宜煮陈米稀粥与之。十月以后。渐与稠粥烂饭。以助中气。则自然易养少病。惟
忌生冷油腻荤茹甜物。
凡小儿乳哺。既有常剂。若忽尔却乳哺少者。此是腹中少有不和也。盒饭与微微下之。若都不肯食。但饮少乳者。
此伤重。要下之。不可不下也。若不与下。则生寒热。或为吐痢。及为癖积。脉大者发痫。皆不早治之由也。孙真人亦
曰。小儿寒热。亦当下之。乃瘥。又小儿乳哺。不能无痰癖也。常当节适之。若稍不进乳食。便以微药克化。紫圆最妙。
（方在后）不得行 药转痢。又不得为无事而迁延。致病大即难治尔。小儿微患。便与微下。则损不甚而易愈矣。若于
春夏之时有疾。（千金云。立夏后）切不可妄行吐下。及微疾亦不可乱行针灸。盖针灸伤经络。吐下损腑脏故也。若误行
转泻。则使下焦虚而上焦热。变成大病也。故巢氏有言。小儿春夏。自非甚病。决定不可吐下者是也。
凡是乳母在护理和养育婴儿时，必须谨慎呵护。哺乳喂养要有节制，包裹襁褓要适宜。要了解孩子的饥饱情况，观察他们的强弱状态，适应饮食的厚薄，顺应气候的寒暖。这其中有自然的规律，不可不知道。
凡是婴儿从出生到满月期间，应当经常取猪乳汁滴入婴儿口中，让婴儿咽下，这是最为佳妙的做法。另外，取像大豆大小的一点点珍珠粉，用一蚬壳量的蜂蜜调和它，分三次或四次服用，每隔十天左右给一次，涂在婴儿口中，可以安定心神，镇摄魂魄。
凡是婴儿出生后肌肉尚未长成，不可以穿温暖厚实的新棉衣。应当穿旧的丝绵帛做的薄衣服。如果穿新棉做的浓密温暖的衣服，就会因蒸热而产生内热，导致筋骨松弛软弱。所以《圣济经》说：襁褓的衣服要用旧帛，填充物要用旧絮。这并不是厌恶新的温暖，也是借助父母剩余的元气来滋养孩子。
凡是乳母，如果遇到天气平和无风的时候，应当抱着孩子在阳光下嬉戏，让孩子多次见到风和阳光，这样血液凝固、气机刚强，肌肉坚硬致密，能够耐受风寒。如果把孩子藏在帷帐之内，穿着多层衣服保暖，就像阴地里的草木，不见风和阳光，就会脆软不胜任，容易受到损伤。所以《圣济经》说：衣服厚重温暖，帷帐严密周全，应当减少这些做法，否则甚至会伤害皮肤，损害血脉，从而产生多种疾病。
凡是婴儿常令穿着薄衣服，即使是冬天，也只让他穿两件夹衣，以及纳底衣之类的衣物，如果遇到极寒天气，就逐渐添加旧絮做的衣服。人们大多务求爱惜，于是用新棉做的浓密衣服，过度温暖养育，反而成为危害。穿薄衣服的方法，应当从秋天开始练习，如果到了来年春天稍微暖和，必须逐渐减少衣服，不可以突然一下子减掉，恐怕让孩子受中风寒。
凡是婴儿在冬天，必须戴帽子护颈的衣服；夏天必须穿背褡，并且在背部脊柱处，再衬垫缝合一层，以防风寒侵袭。因为各脏腑的俞穴都在背部。
又常令乳母，每天三个时辰（指早、中、晚），抚摸婴儿项后筋两辕之间，名叫风池穴。如果有热象，就必须熨烫它，让微微出汗就好了。谚语说：戒除养育小儿时的疏忽，谨慎呵护风池穴，说的就是这个道理。
凡是婴儿在春季，不可以蒙头裹脚，导致阳气不能发散泄出，那样就会发热。
凡是婴儿常应当看护留意，不要让身体有汗。如果出汗就会导致腠理空虚，从而遭受风寒。无论是白天醒着还是晚上睡觉，都应当谨慎。必须审察天气冷暖，衣服的厚薄。
凡是婴儿在暑月，时常让他们在凉快的地方，不要禁止喝水浆，只是少量给他们喝，唯独不适宜多喝。
凡是婴儿不可以抱在屋檐下洗浴，也不可以在风中脱衣，恐怕被寒气侵犯。又在啼哭未止时，不可以喂奶，冒着寒冷冲撞寒气，不可以喂食，恐怕造成食伤。又不可以让婴儿靠近神佛面前、驴马旁边，也不可以让婴儿看见怪异的东西，以及各个门户不相识的人，恐怕遭遇客忤（外邪惊吓）。
凡是婴儿出生三天之后，应当给予少量辅食。姚和众说：用粟米煮粥，研磨得像乳汁一样，每天给半蚬壳量，以辅助谷神，疏导肠胃。孙真人说：用粳米煮的米汤，七天后再给像大豆大小的量，千万不要混杂药物一起吃。巢氏说：婴儿出生满三十天后，应当喂少量食物，如两个枣核大小。到五十天，像樱桃大小。到一百天，像大枣大小。如果母乳少，应当酌情增加辅食，不可以多给，恐怕孩子承受不了，另生疾病。如果母乳多，消化不了辅食的，也必须少量给予，以壮肠胃。孩子大了，稍稍增加，应当有固定的剂量。《圣济经》也说：婴儿出生三天用饮（流质），过了三天用哺（固体/半固体辅食）。哺喂是依赖壳气（脾胃之气）来消化的。哺喂的多少，以天数为准绳。这样五脏得到滋养，胃气就强壮了。现在养育小儿的人，大多务求爱惜过度，往往到了二三岁，还没有给进食，导致脾胃虚弱，体力怯懦软弱，一生多病。如果在半年之后，宜煮陈年米的稀粥给他吃。十月以后，逐渐给稠粥烂饭，以辅助中气，那么自然容易养育且少生病。只忌讳生冷油腻荤腥甜食。
凡是小儿哺乳喂养，既然有了固定剂量，如果忽然却减少哺乳喂养的量，这是腹中有不和顺的地方。应当给予轻微通下的药物。如果完全不肯吃东西，只喝少量乳，这是伤重，必须要通下，不可以不通下。如果不通下，就会产生寒热，或者呕吐腹泻，以及形成癖积。脉大的会发痫证，都是因为不早治疗的原因。孙真人也说：小儿寒热病，也应当通下，才能痊愈。另外小儿哺乳喂养，不可能没有痰癖。常应当节制适当。如果稍微不进乳食，就用微弱的药物克化，紫圆最好。（方剂在后面）不得用猛药导致转痢。也不得因为无事而拖延，致病严重就难治了。小儿轻微患病，就给予轻微通下，那么损伤不重且容易痊愈。如果在春夏之时患有疾病，《千金方》说：立夏之后，切不可妄行吐法和下法，以及轻微疾病也不可乱行针灸。因为针灸会损伤经络，吐下会损害腑脏。如果误行导致转泻，会使下焦虚而上焦热，变成大病。所以巢氏有言：小儿在春夏，如果不是重病，决定不可以用吐法和下法，说的就是这个道理。
Whenever a wet nurse cares for and raises an infant, she must exercise caution and protection. Breastfeeding should be regulated, and swaddling should be appropriate. One must understand the infant's hunger and satiety, observe their strength and weakness, adapt to the thickness or thinness of food, and follow the cold and heat of the climate. There is a natural way in this, which one must not fail to know.
From birth until one month old, it is advisable to frequently drip pig milk into the infant's mouth for swallowing, which is the most excellent method. Additionally, take pearl powder (Zhenzhu) the size of a soybean, mix it with honey (Fengmi) in the volume of a clam shell, divide it into three or four doses, administer once every ten days or so, and apply it inside the infant's mouth to calm the Shen (Spirit) and anchor the Hun and Po (Soul).
After birth, when the infant's muscles have not yet fully formed, they should not be dressed in warm, thick new cotton clothes. Instead, thin clothes made of old silk floss should be used. If dressed in dense, warm new cotton, internal heat may arise from steaming, leading to laxity and weakness of bones and sinews. Therefore, the *Shengji Jing* states: Swaddling clothes should be old silk, and padding should be old floss. This is not because new warmth is disliked, but also to utilize the residual Qi of parents for nourishment.
When the weather is mild and windless, the wet nurse should hold the infant outdoors in the sunlight to play, allowing the infant to be exposed to wind and sun frequently. This will cause blood to coagulate and Qi to become firm, making muscles hard and dense, capable of withstanding wind and cold. If kept hidden within curtains, wrapped in heavy layers for warmth, it is like plants in the shade that do not see wind or sun; they become brittle and soft, prone to injury. Thus, the *Shengji Jing* says: Heavy clothing and thick warmth, along with tight curtains, should be reduced. Otherwise, it may damage the skin and harm the blood vessels, giving rise to various diseases.
Infants should generally wear thin clothing. Even in winter, two layers of padded jackets or quilted clothes are sufficient. In extreme cold, old floss clothes can be gradually added. People often over-protect by using thick new cotton clothes, providing excessive warmth, which becomes harmful. The method of wearing thin clothes should be practiced starting from autumn. When spring arrives and becomes slightly warmer, clothes should be gradually reduced. They should not be removed abruptly, lest the infant catch wind-cold.
In winter, infants must wear clothes with hoods to protect the neck. In summer, they should wear back protectors (Beida), with an extra layer stitched at the spine to prevent invasion by wind-cold, as the Shu points of all Zang-Fu organs are located on the back.
Furthermore, the wet nurse should massage the area between the tendons behind the infant's neck, known as Fengchi (GB20, Wind Pool), three times daily. If there is heat, moxibustion or warming should be applied until slight sweating occurs, which leads to recovery. As the proverb says: "Beware of negligence in raising children; carefully protect Fengchi."
In spring, infants' heads and feet should not be covered tightly, preventing the discharge of Yang Qi, which would lead to fever.
Caregivers must constantly monitor the infant to ensure no sweat appears on the body. Sweating causes pores (Couli) to become deficient, inviting wind-cold. Caution is required both day and night, adjusting to weather temperature and clothing thickness.
During hot months, infants should stay in cool places. Water and fluids should not be forbidden, but given in small amounts; excessive intake is inadvisable.
Infants should not be bathed under eaves, nor undressed in the wind, to avoid cold invasion. Do not breastfeed while the infant is crying excessively, nor feed them while they are chilled, to prevent food injury. Avoid exposing infants to statues of deities, donkeys, or horses, nor let them see strange objects or unfamiliar people from other households, to prevent "Ke Wu" (invasion by external pathogenic factors due to fright).
After three days of birth, small amounts of supplementary food should be introduced. Yao Hezhong suggests cooking millet porridge, grinding it to a milky consistency, and giving half a clam shell daily to assist the "Grain God" (digestive function) and guide the intestines and stomach. Sun Simiao recommends rice water (Jingmi Yin); after seven days, give the amount of three soybeans. Do not mix medicines with food. Chao Yuanfang states: After thirty days, feed a small amount, like two jujube pits. At fifty days, like a cherry. At one hundred days, like a large jujube. If breast milk is insufficient, increase supplements moderately, avoiding excess to prevent indigestion and new illnesses. If breast milk is abundant and digestion is poor, still give small amounts to strengthen the intestines and stomach. As the child grows, increase gradually according to a fixed standard. The *Shengji Jing* also states: Use liquids for the first three days, then solids (Bu) thereafter, relying on Stomach Qi for digestion. The quantity depends on the number of days. This nourishes the Five Zang organs and strengthens Stomach Qi. Currently, many caregivers over-protect, withholding food until age two or three, leading to weak Spleen and Stomach, frail physique, and lifelong illness. After six months, cooked old rice congee is suitable. After ten months, thicker congee and soft rice can be introduced to support Middle Qi, making the child easier to raise and less prone to disease. Avoid raw, cold, greasy, meaty, and sweet foods.
If an infant suddenly reduces feeding despite having a regular schedule, it indicates disharmony in the abdomen. Mild purgatives should be administered. If the infant refuses all food and only takes small amounts of milk, the condition is severe, and purgation is necessary. Without purgation, cold-heat patterns, vomiting, diarrhea, or accumulations (Pi Ji) may develop. A large pulse may indicate epilepsy, all due to delayed treatment. Sun Simiao also stated that cold-heat conditions in children require purgation for recovery. Furthermore, children inevitably have phlegm and accumulations related to feeding; moderation is key. If feeding decreases slightly, mild resolving medicines like Zi Yuan (Purple Pill) are best (formula follows later). Do not use harsh drugs causing severe diarrhea, nor delay treatment unnecessarily, as serious illness becomes difficult to treat. Mild ailments in children respond well to mild purgation, minimizing damage and ensuring quick recovery. During spring and summer, if illness occurs (as noted in *Qianjin Fang*: after Start of Summer), do not recklessly use emetics or purgatives, nor indiscriminately use acupuncture and moxibustion for minor ailments, as these methods can damage meridians and viscera. Mistakenly inducing diarrhea causes deficiency in the Lower Jiao and heat in the Upper Jiao, transforming into major illness. Thus, Chao Yuanfang stated: For children in spring and summer, unless the illness is severe, emetics and purgatives should definitely not be used.