《外台》∶崔氏初剃儿头良日∶寅、丑日吉,丁、未日凶。
《集验方》∶京畿初剃头不择日,皆于盈月日剃之。盖风俗所尚。前此产妇未得出房,盈月即与儿俱出,以
谓胎发秽恶,多触神灶,小儿不安,故此日必剃头而出。剃头于温暖避风处剃之。剃后须以生油、杏仁、腻粉
头上捺之,以避风邪。其后小儿剃头,亦宜用此。
《外台》∶崔氏禳谢法∶
轩辕者,干神,天丞相使者。风伯犯之,令儿惊吐,可取梨枝六寸埋生处,大吉。
雷公者,震神,太阴使者。天马犯之,令儿烦闷腹满,解之以三屠家肉为饼,于产处谢之,大吉。
咸池者,坎神,天之雨师使者。犯之令儿啼不止,用羊脯酒于生处谢之,吉。
丰隆者,艮神,天之东明使者,天仆也。害气犯之,令儿乍寒乍热,大腹,以白鱼二枚于生处谢之。又大
豆一升投井中亦大吉。
招摇者,坤神,天上使者。犯之令儿惊,空嚼不止,以酒饼生处谢之,即愈。
天候者,巽神,天一执法使者。犯之令儿腹胀,张眼,以白鱼二枚于生处谢之,吉。
吴时者,离神,天一将军游击使者。犯之令儿惊,腹痛,用马脯五寸于生处谢之,吉。又以白鱼五枚并枣
饼埋其生处,吉。
大时者,兑神,小时北斗使者。犯之令儿腹胀下痢,解之以酒脯于生处谢之。又以大豆一升投井中,吉。
犯月杀者,令儿惊啼。用丹雄鸡血于生处谢之,吉。
犯白虎者,用稻米一升,鸡子三枚于生处谢之,吉。黍米亦得。
犯大夫者,用羊肝三枚及稻米一升于生处谢之,吉。又用鸡羝、羊脾、黍米亦得。
犯日游者,令儿口噤,色变欲死者。用三屠家肉,麦饭于生处谢之,吉。
《外台秘要》记载:崔氏关于婴儿初次剃头的吉日选择:寅日和丑日为吉,丁日和未日为凶。
《集验方》记载:京城地区初次剃头不择选日子,都在婴儿满月之日进行。这大概是当地风俗崇尚所致。在此之前,产妇尚未出房,满月时便与婴儿一同出来,认为胎发污秽不洁,容易触犯神灶,导致小儿不安,因此这一天必须剃头并让母子出门。剃头应在温暖且避风的地方进行。剃完后,需用生油、杏仁和腻粉涂抹在头上,以抵御风邪。此后小儿再次剃头,也适宜使用这种方法。
《外台秘要》记载:崔氏的禳谢法(一种通过祭祀仪式消除灾祸的方法):
轩辕星,是干神,天丞相的使者。若被风伯侵犯,会导致婴儿惊悸呕吐,可取六寸长的梨枝埋在出生处,大吉。
雷公星,是震神,太阴的使者。若被天马侵犯,会导致婴儿烦躁闷乱、腹部胀满,用三块屠户的肉做成饼,在出生处进行谢罪祭祀,大吉。
咸池星,是坎神,天之雨师的使者。若被侵犯,会导致婴儿啼哭不止,用羊肉干和酒在出生处进行谢罪祭祀,吉利。
丰隆星,是艮神,天之东明的使者,也是天仆。若被害气侵犯,会导致婴儿忽冷忽热、大腹肿胀,用两条白鱼在出生处进行谢罪祭祀。另外将一升大豆投入井中,也是大吉。
招摇星,是坤神,天上的使者。若被侵犯,会导致婴儿惊悸,空嚼不停,用酒饼在出生处进行谢罪祭祀,即可痊愈。
天候星,是巽神,天一执法的使者。若被侵犯,会导致婴儿腹胀、睁眼,用两条白鱼在出生处进行谢罪祭祀,吉利。
吴时星,是离神,天一将军游击的使者。若被侵犯,会导致婴儿惊悸、腹痛,用五寸马肉干在出生处进行谢罪祭祀,吉利。另外再用五条白鱼和枣饼埋在出生处,吉利。
大时星,是兑神,小时北斗的使者。若被侵犯,会导致婴儿腹胀、下痢,用酒和肉干在出生处进行谢罪祭祀来化解。另外再将一升大豆投入井中,吉利。
犯月杀者,会导致婴儿惊叫啼哭。用红公鸡的血在出生处进行谢罪祭祀,吉利。
犯白虎者,用稻米一升、鸡蛋三个在出生处进行谢罪祭祀,吉利。黍米也可以。
犯大夫者,用羊肝三枚及稻米一升在出生处进行谢罪祭祀,吉利。另外用公鸡肉、羊脾脏、黍米也可以。
犯日游者,会导致婴儿口噤不开、面色改变、似要死亡的样子。用三块屠户的肉、麦饭在出生处进行谢罪祭祀,吉利。
According to the *Waitai Mi Yao* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies): Cui Shi's auspicious days for an infant's first haircut: The Yin and Chou days are auspicious, while the Ding and Wei days are inauspicious.
According to the *Ji Yan Fang* (Collected Proven Prescriptions): In the capital region, no specific day is selected for the first haircut; it is always performed on the day of the full month (one month after birth). This is likely due to local customs. Prior to this, the mother had not yet left her confinement room; upon reaching the full month, she would leave together with the infant. It was believed that lanugo (fetal hair) was impure and could offend the deity of the stove, causing the infant to be uneasy. Therefore, on this day, the head must be shaved before going out. The haircut should be performed in a warm place sheltered from the wind. After shaving, raw oil, apricot kernels, and calomel should be applied to the head to ward off wind-pathogens. This method is also suitable for subsequent haircuts of the infant.
According to the *Waitai Mi Yao*: Cui Shi's methods of propitiation and expiation (rituals to avert disaster):
Xuanyuan Star is the Gan Spirit and the envoy of the Heavenly Chancellor. If offended by the Wind Lord, it causes infantile fright and vomiting. One may take a six-cun long pear branch and bury it at the birthplace; this is highly auspicious.
Leigong Star is the Zhen Spirit and the envoy of Great Yin. If offended by Tianma, it causes infantile restlessness, stuffiness, and abdominal distension. Resolve this by making cakes from meat of three butchers and performing expiation rituals at the birthplace; this is highly auspicious.
Xianchi Star is the Kan Spirit and the envoy of the Heavenly Rain Master. If offended, it causes incessant crying. Use mutton jerky and wine to perform expiation rituals at the birthplace; this is auspicious.
Fenglong Star is the Gen Spirit, the envoy of Dongming of Heaven, and also the Heavenly Servant. If offended by harmful qi, it causes alternating chills and fever and large abdominal distension. Perform expiation rituals at the birthplace using two white fish. Additionally, throwing one sheng of soybeans into a well is also highly auspicious.
Zhaoyao Star is the Kun Spirit and the envoy of Heaven. If offended, it causes infantile fright and incessant empty chewing. Perform expiation rituals at the birthplace using wine cakes; recovery will follow.
Tianhou Star is the Xun Spirit and the envoy of Tianyi Zhifa. If offended, it causes abdominal distension and staring eyes. Perform expiation rituals at the birthplace using two white fish; this is auspicious.
Wushi Star is the Li Spirit and the envoy of Tianyi Jiangjun Youji. If offended, it causes infantile fright and abdominal pain. Use five cun of horse jerky to perform expiation rituals at the birthplace; this is auspicious. Additionally, burying five white fish and date cakes at the birthplace is auspicious.
Dashí Star is the Dui Spirit and the envoy of Xiaoshi Beidou. If offended, it causes abdominal distension and dysentery. Resolve this by using wine and meat jerky to perform expiation rituals at the birthplace. Additionally, throwing one sheng of soybeans into a well is auspicious.
Offending the Yue Sha (Monthly Killer) causes infantile fright and crying. Use the blood of a red rooster to perform expiation rituals at the birthplace; this is auspicious.
Offending Baihu (White Tiger) requires using one sheng of rice and three eggs to perform expiation rituals at the birthplace; this is auspicious. Shumi (broomcorn millet) is also acceptable.
Offending Dafu (Great Official) requires using three sheep livers and one sheng of rice to perform expiation rituals at the birthplace; this is auspicious. Using chicken ram meat, sheep spleen, and shumi is also acceptable.
Offending Riyou (Daily Traveler) causes infantile trismus (lockjaw), color changes, and a condition resembling death. Use meat from three butchers and wheat flour meals to perform expiation rituals at the birthplace; this is auspicious.