审儿之病贵详参，要在安烦苦欲间，能食不食渴不渴，二便调和通秘勘。发热无汗为表病，内热便硬作里看，安烦
昼夜阴阳证，苦欲冷暖定热寒。能食不食胃壮弱，渴与不渴胃湿干，便稠粘秽为滞热，尿清不赤乃寒占。耳尻肢凉知痘
疹，指梢发冷主惊痫，肚腹热闷乃内热，四肢厥冷是中寒。眉皱曲啼腹作痛，风热来临耳热缠，腹痛须按软与硬，喜按
不喜虚实参。欲保赤子诚心辨，对证施方治不难。
【注】小儿有病，贵乎详审。先问起居、安烦、苦欲何如？次问饮食能食不食？渴与
不渴？又次问二便或通或秘？而后病源可识矣！如发热、发汗，此邪在表也；内热便硬，
此邪在里也。安烦者，谓昼若烦热而夜安静，是阳旺于阳分，其病在阳；若夜烦热而昼安
静，是阳陷于阴分，其病在阴。苦欲者，喜冷恶热皆属阳病，故为热也；喜热恶冷皆属
阴病，故为寒也。胃壮者能食，胃弱者不能食，胃干燥者口渴，胃湿盛者口不渴。至于
大便稠粘，秽气难闻者，是内有滞热，从热化也；小便清白不赤为虚寒，从寒化也。若
耳梢冷，尻骨冷，四肢发冷者，此痘疹欲发之候。如单指梢发冷者，此惊痫将作之征。肚
腹热闷主内热，手足厥冷主中寒。小儿无故皱眉曲腰啼叫者，主内因腹痛也。两耳常常
发热者，主外因风热也，然腹痛又当按其或软与硬，若喜按者为虚，不喜按者为实。保
赤者须诚心勘问，对证施治，庶随手奏效矣！
审查小儿的疾病，贵在详细参详，关键在于观察其安静与烦躁、痛苦与意愿之间的表现。能吃不能吃、口渴不口渴，大小便通畅还是秘结，都需要仔细勘察。发热且无汗，属于表证；体内有热且大便干硬，属于里证。通过观察昼夜的安烦变化，可以辨别阴阳证候；通过喜冷或喜暖，可以确定热寒属性。能进食说明胃气强盛，不能进食说明胃气虚弱；口渴说明胃中干燥，不渴说明胃中有湿。大便稠粘秽臭，是内有积滞化热；小便清亮不红，是寒证的表现。耳垂、尾骶部和四肢发凉，预示痘疹将要发出；手指梢头发冷，主病为惊痫。腹部热闷，是内热的表现；四肢厥冷，是中寒的表现。眉头紧皱、弯腰啼哭，是腹中作痛；风热来袭时，耳朵发热缠绕。腹痛需要按压检查软硬程度，喜欢按压的多为虚证，不喜欢按压的多为实证。想要保护赤子（婴儿），必须诚心辨证，对证施方治疗就不难了。
【注】小儿患病，贵在详细审察。先询问起居情况、安静与烦躁、痛苦与意愿如何？其次询问饮食方面，能否进食？是否口渴？再次询问二便情况，是通畅还是秘结？这样之后就能识别病源了！如发热、发汗，这是邪气在表；体内有热且大便干硬，这是邪气在里。所谓“安烦”，是指白天烦躁发热而夜间安静，这是阳气旺盛于阳分，病在阳；如果夜间烦躁发热而白天安静，这是阳气陷入阴分，病在阴。所谓“苦欲”，喜欢寒冷厌恶温热都属于阳病，所以是热证；喜欢温热厌恶寒冷都属于阴病，所以是寒证。胃气强壮的人能进食，胃气虚弱的人不能进食，胃干燥的人口渴，胃湿盛的人口不渴。至于大便稠粘，气味难闻的，是内有积滞化热，从热转化；小便清白不红的，是虚寒证，从寒转化。如果耳梢冷、尾骨冷、四肢发冷的，这是痘疹即将发出的征兆。如果仅仅是手指梢头发冷的，这是惊痫即将发作的迹象。肚腹热闷主内热，手足厥冷主中寒。小儿无故皱眉弯腰啼叫的，主因是内伤腹痛。两只耳朵常常发热的，主因是外感风热。然而腹痛又应当按压检查其或软或硬，如果喜欢按压的是虚证，不喜欢按压的是实证。保护婴儿者必须诚心询问勘验，对证施治，才能随手奏效！
Examining a child's illness requires detailed investigation, focusing primarily on observing their states of calmness versus irritability, and their preferences for comfort versus distress. One must carefully assess whether they can eat or not, whether they are thirsty or not, and whether their bowel movements and urination are unobstructed or constipated. Fever accompanied by an absence of sweating indicates a Exterior Syndrome (Biao Bing); internal heat with hard stools indicates an Interior Syndrome (Li Bing). By observing the patterns of irritability and calmness across day and night, one can distinguish between Yin and Yang syndromes; by noting preferences for cold or warmth, one can determine heat or cold nature. The ability to eat suggests strong Stomach Qi, while inability to eat suggests weak Stomach Qi. Thirst indicates dryness in the Stomach, while lack of thirst indicates dampness in the Stomach. Thick, sticky, and foul-smelling stools indicate internal stagnation transforming into heat; clear, non-red urine indicates a Cold Syndrome. Coldness at the earlobes, sacrum, and limbs signals the impending eruption of smallpox/chickenpox (Dou Zhen); coldness specifically at the fingertips indicates impending Jing Xian (convulsions/epilepsy). Heat and stuffiness in the abdomen indicate internal heat; cold extremities (Jue Leng) indicate Zhong Han (cold strike). Furrowed brows, bent waist, and crying indicate abdominal pain; heat in the ears often accompanies Wind-Heat invasion. Abdominal pain should be assessed by palpation for hardness or softness: preference for pressure suggests a Deficiency Syndrome (Xu Zheng), while aversion to pressure suggests an Excess Syndrome (Shi Zheng). To protect infants, sincere differentiation is essential; prescribing formulas according to the syndrome makes treatment straightforward.
[Note] In pediatric diseases, thorough examination is paramount. First, inquire about daily routine, irritability/calmness, and preferences/distress. Second, ask about diet: can they eat? Are they thirsty? Third, ask about excretion: is it unobstructed or constipated? Only then can the disease origin be identified. For instance, fever and sweating indicate pathogenic factors in the Exterior; internal heat and hard stools indicate pathogenic factors in the Interior. "An Fan" (calmness vs. irritability): Irritability and heat during the day but calmness at night indicate Yang Qi flourishing in the Yang aspect, meaning the disease is in Yang; irritability and heat at night but calmness during the day indicate Yang Qi sinking into the Yin aspect, meaning the disease is in Yin. "Ku Yu" (distress vs. preference): Preference for cold and aversion to heat belong to Yang diseases, thus indicating Heat; preference for heat and aversion to cold belong to Yin diseases, thus indicating Cold. Strong Stomach function allows eating; weak Stomach function prevents eating. Dry Stomach causes thirst; Damp-Stomach results in no thirst. Thick, sticky stools with foul odor indicate internal stagnation transforming into heat. Clear, white, non-red urine indicates Deficiency-Cold. Coldness at the ear tips, sacrum, and limbs is a sign that Dou Zhen (exanthematous disease) is about to erupt. Coldness solely at the fingertips is a sign that Jing Xian (convulsions) is about to occur. Abdominal heat and stuffiness indicate internal heat; cold hands and feet indicate Zhong Han (internal cold). Unprovoked frowning, bending, and crying in children indicate internal abdominal pain. Constantly hot ears indicate external Wind-Heat. However, abdominal pain must be differentiated by palpation: preference for pressure indicates Deficiency; aversion to pressure indicates Excess. Those protecting infants must sincerely investigate and treat according to the syndrome to achieve immediate efficacy.