小儿肌肤最柔脆，偶触风寒病营卫，轻为感冒病易痊，重为伤寒证难退，夹食夹热或夹惊，疏散和解宜体会。
【注】小儿气血未充，肌肤柔脆，风寒所触，邪气入于腠理，荣卫受病，轻者为感冒，
易痊；重者为伤寒，难治。又有夹食、夹热、夹惊等证，或宜疏散，或宜和解，临证时细为体察焉。
肺主皮毛感邪风，发热憎寒头痛疼，有汗嚏涕脉浮缓，鼻塞声重咳嗽频，杏苏饮同金沸
散，疏风解表莫从容。
【注】伤风者，风邪伤卫也，卫主皮毛，内合于肺，故令身体发热憎寒，头疼有汗，嚏
涕鼻塞声重，不时咳嗽也。脉浮缓，宜杏苏饮解散外邪，继用金沸草散开通气逆，则愈。
杏苏饮
杏仁（炒去皮尖） 紫苏 前胡 枳壳（麸炒） 桑皮（炒） 黄芩 甘草（生） 麦冬（去心） 橘
红浙贝母（去心） 桔梗
引用生姜，水煎服。
【方歌】杏苏饮治风伤肺，杏仁紫苏前桔同，枳壳桑皮黄芩草，麦冬贝母合橘红。
金沸草散
旋复花 活荆芥 细辛 半夏（姜制） 前胡 甘草（生） 赤苓
引用姜枣，水煎服。
【方歌】金沸草散微伤风，细辛荆芥半夏同，旋复前胡生甘草，生姜红枣赤茯苓。
小儿伤寒表感寒，发热无汗而恶寒，头痛身痛脉浮紧，呕逆烦渴病邪传，初用羌活热通圣，
邪传柴葛大柴煎。
【注】伤寒者，乃寒邪伤表营分也。其证身体发热，恶寒无汗，头痛身痛，而脉浮紧。
若呕逆烦渴者，则为邪盛欲传经也，此证初宜九味羌活汤，如热盛者，以双解通圣汤治
之。服此药后，已汗下不解而传经者，用柴葛解肌汤；兼里证者，用大柴胡汤以解表通
里，因证施治，庶不致误。
九味羌活汤
苍术（炒） 白芷 川芎 细辛 羌活 防风 生地 黄芩 甘草（生）
引用生姜葱白，水煎服。大便秘者，加大黄。
【方歌】伤寒初起羌活汤，苍芷芎细合羌防，生地芩草姜葱入，便秘之时加大黄。
双解通圣汤
麻黄 朴硝 大黄 当归 赤芍 川芎 白术（土炒） 石膏 滑石 桔梗 栀子 连翘（去心）
黄芩 薄荷 甘草（生） 荆芥 防风
引用生姜葱白，水煎服。
【方歌】伤寒热盛通圣汤，表里两解麻硝黄，归芍芎术膏滑桔，栀翘芩薄草荆防。
柴葛解肌汤
葛根 柴胡 白芷 羌活 桔梗 石膏 黄芩 赤芍 甘草（生）
引用生姜、红枣，水煎服。
【方歌】柴葛解肌解三阳，葛根柴胡白芷羌，桔梗石膏芩赤芍，甘草煎服自安康。
大柴胡汤
柴胡 黄芩 赤芍 半夏（姜制） 枳实（麸炒） 大黄
引用生姜、大枣，水煎服。
【方歌】大柴胡治邪传经，少阳阳明表里通，柴胡黄芩赤芍药，半夏枳实大黄同。
小儿的肌肤最为柔嫩脆弱，偶尔受到风寒侵袭就会影响营卫功能。病情轻的称为感冒，容易痊愈；病情重的称为伤寒，证候难以消退。若兼夹食积、热邪或惊风，应当仔细体会并采用疏散或和解的方法治疗。
【注】小儿气血尚未充盈，肌肤柔嫩脆弱，风寒邪气侵入腠理，导致营卫受病。病情轻的是感冒，容易痊愈；病情重的是伤寒，难以治疗。又有兼夹食积、兼夹热邪、兼夹惊风等证候，有的适宜用疏散法，有的适宜用和解法，临证时要细致体察。
肺主皮毛，感受风邪后，会出现发热、怕冷、头痛疼痛的症状。若有汗、打喷嚏、流鼻涕、脉象浮缓，伴有鼻塞、声音沉重、频繁咳嗽，可用杏苏饮合金沸散，疏风解表不可迟缓。
【注】伤风，是风邪伤害卫气。卫气主司皮毛，内合于肺，所以导致身体发热、怕冷、头痛、有汗、打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻塞、声音沉重，不时咳嗽。脉象浮缓，适宜用杏苏饮解散外邪，继用金沸草散调理气逆，即可痊愈。
杏苏饮：杏仁（炒去皮尖）、紫苏、前胡、枳壳（麸炒）、桑白皮（炒）、黄芩、甘草（生）、麦冬（去心）、橘红、浙贝母（去心）、桔梗。引用生姜，水煎服。
【方歌】杏苏饮治风伤肺，杏仁紫苏前桔同，枳壳桑皮黄芩草，麦冬贝母合橘红。
金沸草散：旋复花、活荆芥、细辛、半夏（姜制）、前胡、甘草（生）、赤茯苓。引用姜枣，水煎服。
【方歌】金沸草散微伤风，细辛荆芥半夏同，旋复前胡生甘草，生姜红枣赤茯苓。
小儿伤寒，体表感受寒邪，出现发热、无汗且怕冷、头痛身痛、脉象浮紧的症状。若出现呕吐逆气、烦躁口渴，说明病邪正在传变。初起可用九味羌活汤或防风通圣散，若邪气传入少阳阳明，可用柴葛解肌汤或大柴胡汤。
【注】伤寒，是寒邪伤害体表的营分。其症状为身体发热、怕冷、无汗、头痛身痛，脉象浮紧。如果出现呕吐逆气、烦躁口渴，则是邪气旺盛欲要传经。此证初起适宜用九味羌活汤，如果热势盛大，用防风通圣散治疗。服用这些药物后，如果发汗攻下后病仍未解且发生传经，用柴葛解肌汤；如果兼有里证，用大柴胡汤以解表通里，根据证候施治，才不会失误。
九味羌活汤：苍术（炒）、白芷、川芎、细辛、羌活、防风、生地、黄芩、甘草（生）。引用生姜、葱白，水煎服。大便秘结者，加大黄。
【方歌】伤寒初起羌活汤，苍芷芎细合羌防，生地芩草姜葱入，便秘之时加大黄。
防风通圣散：麻黄、朴硝、大黄、当归、赤芍、川芎、白术（土炒）、石膏、滑石、桔梗、栀子、连翘（去心）、黄芩、薄荷、甘草（生）、荆芥、防风。引用生姜、葱白，水煎服。
【方歌】伤寒热盛通圣汤，表里两解麻硝黄，归芍芎术膏滑桔，栀翘芩薄草荆防。
柴葛解肌汤：葛根、柴胡、白芷、羌活、桔梗、石膏、黄芩、赤芍、甘草（生）。引用生姜、红枣，水煎服。
【方歌】柴葛解肌解三阳，葛根柴胡白芷羌，桔梗石膏芩赤芍，甘草煎服自安康。
大柴胡汤：柴胡、黄芩、赤芍、半夏（姜制）、枳实（麸炒）、大黄。引用生姜、大枣，水煎服。
【方歌】大柴胡治邪传经，少阳阳明表里通，柴胡黄芩赤芍药，半夏枳实大黄同。
The skin and muscles of infants are the most tender and fragile. A slight exposure to wind-cold pathogen affects the Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) levels. Mild cases are termed Ganmao (Common Cold), which are easy to cure; severe cases are termed Shanghan (Cold Damage), where symptoms are difficult to resolve. If complicated by food retention, heat, or fright, one should carefully apply dispersing or harmonizing methods.
[Note] Infants' Qi and Blood are not yet fully developed, and their skin is tender and fragile. When touched by wind-cold, the pathogen enters the Couli (interstices), causing disease in the Ying and Wei. Mild cases are Ganmao, easy to cure; severe cases are Shanghan, difficult to treat. There are also conditions complicated by food retention, heat, or fright. Some require dispersing methods, while others require harmonizing methods. Clinicians must observe these details carefully.
The Lung governs the skin and hair. Upon contracting wind pathogen, symptoms include fever, aversion to cold, headache, and pain. With sweating, sneezing, rhinorrhea, and a floating-slow pulse, accompanied by nasal congestion, heavy voice, and frequent coughing, Xingsu Yin (Apricot Kernel Decoction) combined with Jinfei San (Golden Whorlwort Powder) should be used to disperse wind and release the exterior without delay.
[Note] Shangfeng (Wind Injury) refers to wind pathogen injuring the Wei Qi. The Wei Qi governs the skin and hair and internally connects with the Lung. Thus, it causes body fever, aversion to cold, headache, sweating, sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, heavy voice, and intermittent coughing. A floating-slow pulse indicates the suitability of Xingsu Yin (Cinnamon Twig and Apricot Kernel Decoction) to dissipate external pathogens, followed by Jinfei Cao San (Golden Whorlwort Decoction) to regulate rebellious Qi, leading to recovery.
Xingsu Yin: Xingren (Apricot Seed, stir-fried, skin and tips removed), Zisu (Perilla Leaf), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, bran-fried), Sangpi (Mori Cortex, stir-fried), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Gancao (Licorice Root, raw), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Tuber, heart removed), Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum), Zhebeimu (Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, heart removed), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix). Add fresh ginger, decoct in water, and take orally.
[Formula Song] Xingsu Yin treats wind injuring the Lung, Apricot seed, perilla, peucedanum, and platycodon join, Aurantium, mulberry bark, scutellaria, licorice, Ophiopogon, fritillaria, and tangerine peel combine.
Jinfei San: Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos), Huojingjie (Schizonepetae Spica, fresh), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, ginger-processed), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Gancao (Licorice Root, raw), Chiling (Poria Cocos with Red Bark). Add ginger and jujube, decoct in water, and take orally.
[Formula Song] Jinfei San treats mild wind injury, Asari, schizonepeta, and pinellia join, Inula, peucedanum, raw licorice, fresh ginger, red jujube, and poria with red bark combine.
Pediatric Shanghan involves exterior cold contraction, presenting with fever, absence of sweating, aversion to cold, headache, body pain, and a floating-tight pulse. Vomiting, rebellious Qi, irritability, and thirst indicate the transmission of the pathogen. Initially, use Jiwei Qianghuo Tang (Nine-Ingredient Notopterygium Decoction) or Fangfeng Tongsheng San (Saposhnikovia Universal Relief Powder); if the pathogen transmits to Shaoyang and Yangming, use Chaige Jieji Tang (Bupleurum and Pueraria Muscle-Releasing Decoction) or Daxiehu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction).
[Note] Shanghan refers to cold pathogen injuring the Ying level of the exterior. Symptoms include body fever, aversion to cold, absence of sweating, headache, body pain, and a floating-tight pulse. If vomiting, rebellious Qi, irritability, and thirst occur, it signifies excessive pathogen strength intending to transmit through meridians. Initially, Jiwei Qianghuo Tang (Nine-Ingredient Notopterygium Decoction) is suitable. If heat is intense, Fangfeng Tongsheng San (Saposhnikovia Universal Relief Powder) is used. After taking these medicines, if sweating or purging fails to resolve the condition and transmission occurs, Chaige Jieji Tang (Bupleurum and Pueraria Muscle-Releasing Decoction) is applied. If interior symptoms coexist, Daxiehu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is used to release the exterior and unblock the interior. Treatment must be tailored to the syndrome to avoid error.
Jiwei Qianghuo Tang: Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, stir-fried), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Gancao (Licorice Root, raw). Add fresh ginger and scallion white, decoct in water, and take orally. For constipation, add Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma).
[Formula Song] Shanghan initial stage uses Qianghuo Tang, Atractylodes, angelica, ligusticum, asari, notopterygium, and saposhnikovia join, Rehmannia, scutellaria, licorice, fresh ginger, and scallion enter, constipation time adds rhubarb.
Fangfeng Tongsheng San: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Puxiao (Mirabilitum), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, earth-stir-fried), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Huashi (Talcum), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus, heart removed), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Gancao (Licorice Root, raw), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix). Add fresh ginger and scallion white, decoct in water, and take orally.
[Formula Song] Shanghan heat intense uses Tongsheng Tang, exterior-interior dual release ephedra, mirabilite, rhubarb, Angelica, paeonia, ligusticum, atractylodes, gypsum, talc, platycodon, gardenia, forsythia, scutellaria, mentha, licorice, schizonepeta, saposhnikovia join.
Chaige Jieji Tang: Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Gancao (Licorice Root, raw). Add fresh ginger and red jujube, decoct in water, and take orally.
[Formula Song] Chaige Jieji releases Three Yangs, Pueraria, bupleurum, angelica, notopterygium join, platycodon, gypsum, scutellaria, paeonia, licorice decocted brings peace.
Daxiehu Tang: Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, ginger-processed), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, bran-fried), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma). Add fresh ginger and large jujube, decoct in water, and take orally.
[Formula Song] Daxiehu treats pathogen transmitting meridians, Shaoyang-Yangming exterior-interior unblocked, bupleurum, scutellaria, paeonia, pinellia, aurantium, rhubarb join.