二便秘结
小儿多因乳食停滞生热，结于肠胃，以致二便秘结。其候口渴舌干，唇赤面红，热积尿闭，小腹满急，八正散主之。
食积大便闭，腹胀痛者，用神芎丸主之。
气虚脱肛
脱肛一症，因泻痢日久，中气下陷，肠胃薄瘦，肛门滑脱不收。现证面色青黄，指梢冷，脉来沉细，唇色淡白。先
以补中益气汤升举其气，再以真人养脏汤温补固滑，外用涩肠散敷上，其肠自合矣。
肛肿翻肛
小儿积热太盛，以致肛门作肿，大便艰难，努力翻出，肛门不还。外用蟠龙散敷上，以消其肿，内宜皂刺大黄汤煎
服，肿消肛自收也。
龟胸
小儿饮食不节，痰热炽盛，复为风邪所伤，风热相搏，以致肺经胀满，攻于胸膈，高耸如杯，若龟之形。现证气粗
喘急，咳嗽身体羸瘦。治宜清肺化痰为主，先以宽气饮开其气道，次以百合丹除其滞气，酌量而行。
龟背
婴儿坐早，被客风吹入脊膂，遂致伛偻曲节，背高其状如龟，往为终身痼疾。内服松蕊丹缓缓调治，外用圣惠
灸法灸三穴，肺俞、心俞、膈俞三五壮，或再点龟尿于骨节上，亦可得效。
五软
小儿头项软，手足软，口软，肌肉软，为之五软。皆因禀受不足，气血不充，故骨脉不强，筋肉痿弱而来。先以补
肾地黄丸补其先天精气，再与扶元散补其后天羸弱，全在后天渐渐调养为宜。
五硬
阳气不营于四末而成五硬。现症仰头取气，难以摇动，手足强直、其冷如冰，气壅胸膈，牵连疼痛，最为难治。重
者以小续命汤疏其风为良，轻者乌药顺气散调其气应验。若遇肝木乘脾，食少气弱者，加味六君子汤，内外交治，其妙
无竟。
五迟
小儿多因父母禀来气血虚弱，先天有亏，致令生下筋骨软弱，半步难移，牙齿不生，头发疏薄，身坐不稳，语言多
迟。用加味六味地黄丸滋养其血，再以补中益气汤调养其气为宜。又有惊邪乘入心气，至四五岁不能言者，菖蒲丸最好。
又足少阴肾经，其华在发；若少阴之血虚不足，不能上荣于发，故发迟，用苣胜丹医之。
鹤膝风
小儿禀赋不充盈足，以致肌肉削瘦，骨节峥嵘，膝盖外露，如鹤膝状。多因肾弱精髓难生，气血不荣，筋脉挛缩，
膝贮风涎，时时作疼，用大防风汤，宜先服之，再以补肾地黄丸继进，莫从容也。
解颅
小儿解颅者，乃囟大骨缝不合，其症最可怜也。盖肾生髓，脑为髓海，肾气有亏，脑髓干燥。现症面色 白；形体
瘦削，目多白睛，心若愁烦，少笑。先以补肾地黄丸堪服，滋补其阴；再补其阳，以扶元散为先。更有封囟散，极有效
验，临时摊贴，保安然矣。
囟陷
小儿脏腑有热，渴饮水浆，致成泻痢。日久脾气虚寒不能上充脑髓，故囟陷成坑之症见焉。面目青黄，四肢清凉，
六脉沉缓，神气惨淡。先以补中益气汤升提其气，再用固真汤进之，定有奇验。外用乌附膏摊贴，温中理脾，其功无限
也。
囟填
囟门肿起者，盖因乳哺无度，或寒或热，乘于脾经，致使脏腑不调，其气上冲，为之填胀肿突。其间虚实，要辨分
明。毛发憔悴，频频出汗，胸高气促，口唇色红。如肝气盛者，用泻青丸最效。里热者，大连翘饮堪行。因表者，防风
升麻汤之剂。 冷不热者属阴，用理中汤可治也。
中恶
小儿神气尚未充实，一为邪恶所触，何能自己主持，定然神魂离舍，目闭面青，心惊闷乱，不省人事。内用苏合香
丸除其邪，外用皂角末开通其闭。嚏出，则功效奇矣。
二便秘结
小儿多因乳食停滞产生内热，热邪结聚于肠胃，导致大小便不通畅。其症状表现为口渴、舌干、嘴唇红赤、面色发红，体内积热导致小便闭塞，小腹部胀满且急迫，治疗以八正散为主方。
若因食积导致大便闭结，伴有腹胀疼痛者，使用神芎丸为主方治疗。
气虚脱肛
脱肛这一病症，是因为长期腹泻或痢疾，导致中气下陷，肠胃变得薄弱消瘦，肛门松弛无法收回。临床表现为面色青黄，手指末端发冷，脉象沉细，唇色淡白。先使用补中益气汤提升举升中气，再使用真人养脏汤温补并固涩滑脱，外用涩肠散敷贴患处，肛门自然就会回纳。
肛肿翻肛
小儿体内积热过盛，导致肛门肿胀，大便困难，用力排便时肛门翻出无法复位。外用蟠龙散敷贴以消除肿胀，内服皂刺大黄汤煎剂，待肿胀消退后肛门自然收回。
龟胸
小儿饮食不节制，痰热炽盛，又受风邪侵袭，风热相互搏结，导致肺经胀满，邪气攻冲胸膈，胸部高耸如杯状，形状像乌龟。临床表现呼吸粗重、气喘急促、咳嗽、身体消瘦。治疗应以清肺化痰为主，先用宽气饮开通气道，再用百合丹消除滞气，根据具体情况斟酌施治。
龟背
婴儿过早坐立，被外界风寒之邪侵入脊背，导致脊柱弯曲畸形，背部隆起形状像乌龟，这往往成为终身的顽固疾病。内服松蕊丹缓慢调理治疗，外用圣惠灸法艾灸三个穴位：肺俞、心俞、膈俞，各灸三至五壮，或者在骨节上点涂龟尿，也可以取得疗效。
五软
小儿头项软弱无力，手足软弱无力，口部软弱无力，肌肉软弱无力，称为“五软”。这都是因为先天禀赋不足，气血不充盈，导致骨骼脉络不强健，筋肉痿弱所致。先使用补肾地黄丸补益先天精气，再配合扶元散补益后天体质的虚弱，关键在于通过后天逐渐调养为宜。
五硬
阳气不能温煦四肢末端而形成“五硬”。临床表现头部后仰以获取气息，难以转动摇动，手足强直僵硬，冰冷如冰，气机壅塞于胸膈，牵连引起疼痛，最为难治。重症者用小续命汤疏风效果良好，轻症者用乌药顺气散调畅气机有效。如果遇到肝木乘脾，食欲减退、气虚体弱者，使用加味六君子汤，内外兼治，效果奇妙无穷。
五迟
小儿多因父母先天禀赋气血虚弱，导致胎儿先天有亏，致使出生后筋骨软弱，行走困难，牙齿不生，头发稀疏单薄，坐立不稳，语言发育迟缓。使用加味六味地黄丸滋养血液，再使用补中益气汤调养气机为宜。又有因惊邪侵入心气，导致四五岁还不能说话的情况，菖蒲丸效果最好。另外足少阴肾经，其荣华表现于头发；如果少阴血虚不足，不能上行荣养头发，所以头发生长迟缓，使用苣胜丹治疗。
鹤膝风
小儿先天禀赋不充足，导致肌肉消瘦，骨节突出，膝盖外露，形状像鹤的膝盖。多因肾虚精髓难以生成，气血不能荣养，筋脉挛缩，膝盖处积聚风涎，时常疼痛，使用大防风汤，宜先服用此方，再继服补肾地黄丸，不可拖延从容。
解颅
小儿出现解颅症状，即囟门宽大、骨缝不合，这是非常令人怜悯的病症。肾生髓，脑为髓海，肾气亏损，导致脑髓干燥。临床表现面色㿠白，形体瘦削，眼白较多，心中愁烦，很少笑。先服用补肾地黄丸滋补阴液；再补益阳气，以扶元散为先。还有封囟散，极有效验，临时摊贴患处，可保平安。
囟陷
小儿脏腑有热，口渴饮水过多，导致形成腹泻痢疾。日久脾气虚寒，不能上充脑髓，因此出现囟门凹陷成坑的症状。面目青黄，四肢清凉，六脉沉缓，精神萎靡惨淡。先使用补中益气汤升提气机，再使用固真汤进服，定有奇效。外用乌附膏摊贴，温中健脾，功效无限。
囟填
囟门肿胀突起，这是因为哺乳无度，或寒或热之邪乘袭脾经，导致脏腑功能不调，气机上冲，造成填胀肿突。其中虚实需要辨别分明。毛发憔悴，频繁出汗，胸部高起、呼吸急促，口唇色红。如果是肝气盛者，使用泻青丸最有效。如果是里热者，大连翘饮适用。如果是表证者，使用防风升麻汤。如果不冷不热者属于阴证，使用理中汤可以治疗。
中恶
小儿神气尚未充实，一旦受到邪恶之气触碰，如何能自行主持，必然导致神魂离舍，眼睛闭合、面色青紫，心惊闷乱，不省人事。内服苏合香丸祛除邪气，外用皂角末开通闭塞。如果能嚏出（打喷嚏），则功效奇妙。
Constipation and Urinary Retention
Infants and young children often suffer from internal heat generated by the stagnation of milk and food, which accumulates in the intestines and stomach, leading to constipation and urinary retention. The manifestations include thirst, dry tongue, red lips, and a red face. Internal heat accumulation causes urinary obstruction, with fullness and urgency in the lower abdomen. Ba Zheng San (Eight-Positive Powder) is the primary formula for treatment.
For constipation due to food stagnation accompanied by abdominal distension and pain, Shen Xiong Wan (Shenxiong Pill) is used as the main formula.
Sinking Anus Due to Qi Deficiency
The condition of prolapsed anus results from prolonged diarrhea or dysentery causing sinking of middle Qi, leading to thinning and weakening of the intestines and stomach, and laxity of the anal sphincter unable to retract. Clinical signs include a bluish-yellow complexion, cold fingertips, deep and fine pulse, and pale lips. First, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) is used to raise and lift the Qi; subsequently, Zhen Ren Yang Zang Tang (True Man's Nourish Viscera Decoction) is employed to warm-tonify and secure against slipping. External application of Se Chang San (Intestine-Astringing Powder) facilitates natural retraction of the anus.
Anal Swelling and Prolapse
Excessive accumulated heat in infants causes swelling of the anus and difficulty in defecation. Straining during bowel movements leads to anal prolapse that cannot be reduced. External application of Pan Long San (Coiling Dragon Powder) reduces swelling. Internally, Zao Ci Da Huang Tang (Cantharis and Rhubarb Decoction) is taken orally; once the swelling subsides, the anus naturally retracts.
Turtle Chest
Improper diet in infants leads to abundant phlegm-heat, compounded by wind-pathogen invasion. Wind and heat interact, causing distension in the Lung meridian and attacking the chest and diaphragm. The chest becomes elevated like a cup, resembling the shape of a turtle. Manifestations include coarse breathing, rapid panting, coughing, and emaciation. Treatment focuses on clearing the Lungs and resolving phlegm. First, Kuan Qi Yin (Qi-Widening Drink) is used to open the airways, followed by Bai He Dan (Lily Bulb Pill) to remove stagnant Qi, adjusted according to the specific situation.
Turtle Back
Infants who sit too early are exposed to external wind-cold invading the spine, resulting in kyphosis with a humped back resembling a turtle, often becoming a lifelong chronic ailment. Internally, Song Rui Dan (Pine Pollen Pill) is taken for gradual regulation. Externally, Sheng Hui Moxibustion Method is applied to three acupoints: Fei Shu (BL13), Xin Shu (BL15), and Ge Shu (BL17), three to five moxa cones each. Alternatively, applying turtle urine to the joints can also yield effective results.
Five Flaccidities
Flaccidity of the head and neck, hands and feet, mouth, and muscles constitutes the "Five Flaccidities." This arises from congenital insufficiency and lack of Qi and Blood, leading to weak bones and meridians and atrophic muscles. First, Bu Shen Di Huang Wan (Kidney-Tonifying Rehmannia Pill) is used to tonify congenital essence and Qi. Subsequently, Fu Yuan San (Support the Origin Powder) is given to strengthen postnatal weakness. Gradual postnatal nourishment is key.
Five Stiffnesses
Stiffness of the limbs occurs when Yang Qi fails to circulate to the four extremities. Manifestations include opisthotonos (head bent backward) to facilitate breathing, inability to move or turn, rigid and stiff hands and feet feeling cold as ice, Qi congestion in the chest and diaphragm, and radiating pain. This is the most difficult to treat. For severe cases, Xiao Xu Ming Tang (Minor Continuation of Life Decoction) effectively disperses wind. For mild cases, Wu Yao Shun Qi San (Aucklandia Qi-Regulating Powder) regulates Qi effectively. If Liver Wood overacts on Spleen, causing poor appetite and Qi deficiency, Jia Liu Jun Zi Tang (Modified Six Gentlemen Decoction) is used for combined internal and external treatment, yielding miraculous results.
Five Delays
Infants often suffer from congenital deficits due to their parents' weak Qi and Blood, resulting in weak bones and sinews after birth, difficulty walking even short distances, delayed tooth eruption, sparse and thin hair, unstable sitting posture, and delayed speech. Jia Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Modified Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) nourishes the Blood, followed by Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang to regulate Qi. In cases where fright pathogens invade Heart Qi, causing inability to speak by age four or five, Chang Pu Wan (Acorus Pill) is most effective. Additionally, the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian manifests in the hair; if Kidney Blood is deficient and fails to nourish the hair upwards, hair growth is delayed, treated with Ju Sheng Dan (Sesame Seed Pill).
Crural Spindles (Rickets-like Condition)
Insufficient congenital endowment leads to muscle wasting and prominent joints, with exposed knees resembling those of a crane. This is often due to Kidney deficiency making it difficult to generate marrow essence, and lack of Qi and Blood nourishment causing tendon contraction. Wind-phlegm accumulates in the knees, causing frequent pain. Da Fang Feng Tang (Major Saposhnikovia Decoction) should be administered first, followed by Bu Shen Di Huang Wan without delay.
Open Fontanelle (Delayed Cranial Closure)
In infants with open fontanelle, the fontanelle is large and cranial sutures fail to close, a pitiable condition. The Kidneys generate marrow, and the brain is the sea of marrow. Kidney Qi deficiency leads to dryness of brain marrow. Manifestations include sallow-white complexion, emaciation, prominent whites of the eyes, mental distress, and infrequent smiling. First, Bu Shen Di Huang Wan is taken to nourish Yin; then Yang is tonified using Fu Yuan San as a priority. Feng Xin San (Fontanelle-Sealing Powder) is also highly effective; applied topically temporarily, it ensures safety.
Sunken Fontanelle
Internal heat in infant organs causes excessive thirst and drinking, leading to diarrhea and dysentery. Prolonged illness damages Spleen Qi, causing Cold and deficiency, preventing upward nourishment of brain marrow, resulting in a sunken fontanelle. Signs include bluish-yellow complexion, cool limbs, deep and slow pulses, and listless spirit. First, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang lifts the Qi, followed by Gu Zhen Tang (Secure Truth Decoction), which yields remarkable results. External application of Wu Fu Gao (Aconite and Cyathula Ointment) warms the center and regulates the Spleen, offering infinite benefits.
Protruding Fontanelle
A protruding fontanelle is caused by unregulated breastfeeding or invasion of Cold/Heat pathogens into the Spleen meridian, disrupting organ function and causing Qi to rush upward, resulting in swelling and bulging. Differentiation between excess and deficiency is crucial. Signs include withered hair, frequent sweating, high chest with rapid breathing, and red lips. If Liver Qi is exuberant, Xie Qing Wan (Drain Green Pill) is most effective. For interior heat, Da Lian Qiao Yin (Large Forsythia Drink) is suitable. For exterior conditions, Fang Feng Sheng Ma Tang (Saposhnikovia and Cimicifuga Decoction) is used. For conditions that are neither cold nor hot (Yin pattern), Li Zhong Tang (Regulate the Center Decoction) is applicable.
Zhong E (Sudden Collapse due to Evil Influence)
Infants have not yet fully developed their Shen (Spirit). Upon contact with evil influences, they lose self-control, leading to separation of Soul and Spirit. Symptoms include closed eyes, cyanotic face, palpitations, confusion, and unconsciousness. Internally, Su He Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill) dispels evil. Externally, powder of Gleditsia Sinensis (Zao Jiao) is used to open blockages. Inducing sneezing yields miraculous efficacy.