《全婴》论云∶夫吐血者，荣卫气逆也，荣者血也，卫者气也，荣卫相济，不失
常道，一有所胜，则致妄行。血者水也，决之东则东流，决之西则西流，气之使血，
其势如此。巢氏云∶血者是有热气盛而血虚，热乘于血，血性得热则流散妄行，气
逆则血随气上，故令吐血也。又或饮食太饱之后，脾胃内冷，不能消化，忽吐所食
之物，气血相冲，因伤肺胃，亦令吐血。若久嗽气逆，面目浮肿而嗽吐血者，是虚
损也。〔薛〕清者为荣，浊者为卫，荣行脉中，卫行脉外，盖荣者，水谷之精气也，
和调于五脏，洒陈于六腑，故能入于脉。夫荣者，阴血也，所主在心，统化在脾，
藏内在肝，宣布在肺，输泄在肾，灌溉一身，滋养百脉，诸经由此而生毓焉。然血
之所统者气也，故曰气主 之，血主濡之，是以气行则血行，气止则血止，阳生阴
长，夫倡妇随之道也。若气一伤，则变证百出，故妄行则吐衄，衰涸则虚劳，降下
则便红，热陷则溺赤，渗于肠胃则为肠风，阴虚阳搏则为崩漏，此皆气有殄戾之乖，
而血乃生渗溢之患也。然养阴者可不先知养阳之道乎。小儿患之多因禀赋积热，或
食膏粱浓味，或乳母七情郁火所致。治法，若气虚血弱，当以人参补之，阳旺则阴
生血也。若四物汤者，独能主血分受伤，为气不虚也。若左寸关脉数而无力，血虚
也，四物汤加参术。浮而无力，气虚也，补中益气汤。尺脉数或无力，肾虚也，六
味地黄丸。右寸关脉数而有力者，肺胃热也，犀角地黄汤，后用四物汤加参苓白术。
尺脉数而无力，阴虚也，用六味地黄丸。若面黄目涩，眵多手麻者，脾肺虚也，用黄 芍药汤。
四物汤 治血虚发热烦躁，或晡热作渴，头目不清。若因脾虚不能生血者，用四君
子汤。
当归 熟地黄（各二钱） 芍药 川芎（各一钱）
上，水煎服。
补中益气汤（虚热） 六味地黄丸（肾）
犀角地黄汤 治伤寒温病，失于表汗，致内有瘀血，吐血面色黄，大便黑，及疮痘
出多，以此解之。
犀角（镑） 牡丹皮（各一两） 生地黄（八钱） 赤芍药（七钱）
上，每服二钱，水煎服。
黄 芍药汤 治衄多岁，面黄眼涩，多眵手麻。
黄 （三两） 甘草（炙） 升麻 葛根 芍药（炒黄。各一两） 羌活（半两）
上，每服三钱，水煎服。按∶此手足太阴、阳明药也，然血虚久，则阳亦虚
矣，故血不足则麻木，阴虚火动，变证百出，实非风也，此出升阳滋阴例。
人参黄 散 治虚劳客热，消瘦倦怠，口燥咽干，日晡潮热，五心烦热，盗汗胸满，
食少作渴，咳唾、时有脓血。
天门冬（去心，三两） 半夏 知母（炒黄） 桑白皮 赤芍药（炒） 黄 （炒） 紫菀
甘草（炙） 鳖甲（醋炙。以上各半两） 白茯苓 柴胡 秦艽 生地黄 熟地黄 地骨皮（各二两）
人参 桔梗（各一两）
上锉散。每服三五钱，水煎服。大人亦得。（一方，有生姜）
柏枝饮 治小儿衄血吐血。
柏枝（干者） 藕节（干者）
上等分为末。三岁半钱，藕汁入蜜，沸汤调下。一方，白芍药为末，磨犀角汁
调，治咯血、衄血。
辰胶散 治小儿吐血。
阿胶（炒） 蛤粉（等分） 辰砂（少许）
上为末，和粉红色。三岁一钱，藕汁和蜜调下。
紫参散 治吐血。
紫参 山栀子 生干地黄（各一两） 刺蓟（一分，烧灰） 乱发（一分，烧灰、俱存性。
以上捣罗为细末，
次用） 蒲黄 伏龙肝（各一分，并细研）
上件，都拌匀。每服半钱至一钱，煎竹茹汤调下。
《全婴书》中论述道：所谓吐血，是由于营卫之气逆乱所致。营气属于血，卫气属于气，营卫相互协调，不违背正常规律；一旦其中一方偏胜，就会导致血液妄行。血如同水一样，决口向东则向东流，决口向西则向西流，气对血的推动，其态势正是如此。巢元方说：血证是因为体内热气盛而血虚，热邪侵袭于血，血性受热则流动散乱、妄行；气机逆乱则血随气上逆，从而导致吐血。或者在饮食过饱之后，脾胃内部寒冷，不能消化食物，突然呕吐出所食之物，气血相互冲撞，因而损伤肺和胃，也会导致吐血。如果是长期咳嗽导致气逆，面目浮肿且咳嗽时吐血，这属于虚损病证。薛己认为：清轻的部分是营，重浊的部分是卫，营行于脉管之中，卫行于脉管之外。大概营气是水谷的精微精气，调和于五脏，布散于六腑，所以能进入脉管。所谓营，就是阴血，它由心所主，由脾统摄化生，由肝贮藏内在调节，由肺宣布输布，由肾输泄排泄，灌溉全身，滋养百脉，各条经脉都由此生长孕育。然而血所统摄的是气，所以说“气为血之帅（主导），血为气之母（濡养）”，因此气行则血行，气止则血止，这是阳生阴长、夫唱妇随的道理。如果气受到损伤，就会变证百出，所以气逆妄行则出现吐血、衄血，气衰枯竭则形成虚劳，气陷下行则出现便血，热邪内陷则小便赤红，渗入肠胃则为肠风，阴虚阳亢搏结则为崩漏，这些都是因为气有乖戾失常，而血才产生渗漏溢出的祸患。然而想要滋养阴血的人，难道可以不先了解滋养阳气的方法吗？小儿患此病多因先天禀赋积热，或食用肥甘厚味，或由乳母七情郁结化火所致。治疗方法：如果是气虚血弱，应当用人参来补益，阳气旺盛则阴血自生。如果是四物汤证，专门主治血分受伤而气不虚的情况。如果左寸关脉数而无力，是血虚，用四物汤加人参、白术。脉浮而无力，是气虚，用补中益气汤。尺脉数或无力，是肾虚，用六味地黄丸。右寸关脉数而有力，是肺胃有热，用犀角地黄汤，随后用四物汤加人参、茯苓、白术。尺脉数而无力，是阴虚，用六味地黄丸。如果面色黄、眼睛干涩、眼屎多、手麻木，是脾肺虚，用黄芪芍药汤。
四物汤：治疗血虚发热烦躁，或傍晚发热口渴，头目不清爽。如果是因为脾虚不能生血，用四君子汤。
当归、熟地黄（各二钱）、芍药、川芎（各一钱）。
以上药材，加水煎服。
犀角地黄汤：治疗伤寒温病，失于发汗解表，导致体内有瘀血，吐血面色黄，大便黑，以及疮痘发出过多，以此方解除。
犀角（镑片）、牡丹皮（各一两）、生地黄（八钱）、赤芍药（七钱）。
以上药材，每次服用二钱，加水煎服。
黄芪芍药汤：治疗鼻衄多年，面色黄、眼睛干涩、眼屎多、手麻木。
黄芪（三两）、甘草（炙）、升麻、葛根、芍药（炒至微黄，各一两）、羌活（半两）。
以上药材，每次服用三钱，加水煎服。按语：这是治疗手足太阴、阳明经的药方，但是血虚日久，阳气也会虚弱，所以血不足则麻木，阴虚火动，变证百出，实际上并非风邪所致，这出自升阳滋阴的法则。
人参黄芪散：治疗虚劳客热，消瘦倦怠，口燥咽干，傍晚潮热，五心烦热，盗汗胸满，食少口渴，咳唾、时有脓血。
天门冬（去心，三两）、半夏、知母（炒黄）、桑白皮、赤芍药（炒）、黄芪（炒）、紫菀、甘草（炙）、鳖甲（醋炙，以上各半两）、白茯苓、柴胡、秦艽、生地黄、熟地黄、地骨皮（各二两）、人参、桔梗（各一两）。
以上药材锉成散剂。每次服用三五钱，加水煎服。成人也可服用。（另一配方，加生姜）。
柏枝饮：治疗小儿鼻衄、吐血。
柏枝（干燥者）、藕节（干燥者）。
以上等分为末。三岁儿童服用半钱，用藕汁加入蜂蜜，沸水冲调后服用。另一配方，用白芍药为末，磨犀角汁调服，治疗咯血、衄血。
辰胶散：治疗小儿吐血。
阿胶（炒）、蛤粉（等分）、辰砂（少许）。
以上研为细末，混合成粉红色。三岁儿童服用一钱，用藕汁和蜜调服。
紫参散：治疗吐血。
紫参、山栀子、生干地黄（各一两）、刺蓟（一分，烧成灰）、乱发（一分，烧成灰，均存性，以上捣罗为细末，备用）、蒲黄、伏龙肝（各一分，并细研）。
以上所有药材，都拌匀。每次服用半钱至一钱，用竹茹汤调服。
According to the *Quan Ying* text: The condition of hematemesis (vomiting blood) is caused by the rebellion of Ying and Wei Qi. Ying refers to Blood, and Wei refers to Qi. When Ying and Wei coordinate with each other without deviating from the normal path, if one becomes excessive, it leads to reckless movement of Blood. Blood is like water; if a dike is broken to the east, it flows east; if broken to the west, it flows west. The manner in which Qi directs Blood is precisely like this. Chao Yuanfang stated: Hemorrhagic conditions arise when internal Heat is excessive while Blood is deficient. Heat invades the Blood, and since Blood nature tends to flow and scatter when heated, it moves recklessly. When Qi rebels, Blood follows Qi upward, thus causing hematemesis. Alternatively, after overeating, the Spleen and Stomach become internally cold and fail to digest food. Suddenly vomiting the ingested food causes Qi and Blood to clash, thereby damaging the Lung and Stomach, also leading to hematemesis. If chronic coughing leads to Qi rebellion, accompanied by facial and ocular edema and coughing up blood, this is a deficiency-consumption disease. Xue Ji believed: The clear and light part is Ying, and the turbid and heavy part is Wei. Ying circulates within the vessels, while Wei circulates outside the vessels. Generally, Ying Qi is the essence of grain and water, harmonized in the Five Zang organs and distributed to the Six Fu organs, thus entering the vessels. Ying is Yin Blood, governed by the Heart, transformed and controlled by the Spleen, stored internally by the Liver, announced and distributed by the Lung, and excreted by the Kidney. It irrigates the whole body and nourishes all vessels, allowing all meridians to grow and be nurtured through it. However, what controls Blood is Qi; hence it is said that "Qi acts as the commander of Blood, and Blood acts as the nourisher of Qi." Therefore, where Qi moves, Blood moves; where Qi stops, Blood stops. This follows the principle of Yang generating Yin and the husband singing while the wife follows. If Qi is injured, myriad pathological changes emerge. Thus, reckless movement causes hematemesis and epistaxis; depletion causes deficiency consumptive disease; sinking downward causes hematochezia; heat sinking causes dark urine; seeping into the intestines and stomach causes intestinal wind; Yin deficiency with Yang hyperactivity causes metrorrhagia and metrostaxis. All these are due to Qi's deviation and aberration, causing Blood to leak and overflow. Can those who nourish Yin not first understand the way to nourish Yang? Children often suffer from this due to congenital accumulation of Heat, or consumption of rich and greasy foods, or fire generated from emotional stagnation in the wet nurse. Treatment methods: If Qi is deficient and Blood is weak, Ren Shen should be used to tonify; when Yang is vigorous, Yin and Blood will generate. Si Wu Tang specifically treats injuries to the Blood aspect when Qi is not deficient. If the pulse at the left Cun and Guan positions is rapid and forceless, it indicates Blood deficiency; use Si Wu Tang plus Ren Shen and Bai Zhu. If the pulse is floating and forceless, it indicates Qi deficiency; use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang. If the Chi pulse is rapid or forceless, it indicates Kidney deficiency; use Liu Wei Di Huang Wan. If the right Cun and Guan pulses are rapid and forceful, it indicates Heat in the Lung and Stomach; use Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang, followed by Si Wu Tang plus Ren Shen, Fu Ling, and Bai Zhu. If the Chi pulse is rapid and forceless, it indicates Yin deficiency; use Liu Wei Di Huang Wan. If the complexion is yellow, eyes are dry, there is excessive eye discharge, and hands feel numb, it indicates Spleen and Lung deficiency; use Huang Qi Shao Yao Tang.
Si Wu Tang: Treats fever and irritability due to Blood deficiency, or evening fever with thirst, and unclear head and eyes. If caused by Spleen deficiency failing to generate Blood, use Si Jun Zi Tang.
Dang Gui, Shu Di Huang (each 2 qian), Shao Yao, Chuan Xiong (each 1 qian).
Decoct with water and take orally.
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (for deficiency heat), Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (for Kidney deficiency).
Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang: Treats Shang Han and Wen Bing where failure to induce sweating leads to internal Blood stasis, resulting in hematemesis with yellowish complexion, black stools, and excessive eruption of sores or pox, using this formula to resolve them.
Xi Jiao (sliced), Mu Dan Pi (each 1 liang), Sheng Di Huang (8 qian), Chi Shao Yao (7 qian).
Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with water and take orally.
Huang Qi Shao Yao Tang: Treats chronic epistaxis, yellow complexion, dry eyes, excessive eye discharge, and hand numbness.
Huang Qi (3 liang), Gan Cao (honey-fried), Sheng Ma, Ge Gen, Shao Yao (stir-fried until slightly yellow, each 1 liang), Qiang Huo (0.5 liang).
Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with water and take orally. Note: This is a formula for the Hand-Taiyin, Hand-Yangming, Foot-Taiyin, and Foot-Yangming meridians. However, long-term Blood deficiency leads to Yang deficiency as well. Thus, insufficient Blood causes numbness, and Yin deficiency with Fire hyperactivity leads to myriad changes; this is actually not Wind, but follows the example of raising Yang and nourishing Yin.
Ren Shen Huang Qi San: Treats deficiency consumptive disease with guest-heat, emaciation and fatigue, dry mouth and throat, afternoon tidal fever, five-palm heat, night sweats with chest fullness, poor appetite with thirst, coughing with sputum containing pus and blood.
Tian Men Dong (heart removed, 3 liang), Ban Xia, Zhi Mu (stir-fried until slightly yellow), Sang Bai Pi, Chi Shao Yao (stir-fried), Huang Qi (stir-fried), Zi Wan, Gan Cao (honey-fried), Bie Jia (vinegar-fried, each 0.5 liang), Bai Fu Ling, Chai Hu, Qin Jiao, Sheng Di Huang, Shu Di Huang, Di Gu Pi (each 2 liang), Ren Shen, Jie Geng (each 1 liang).
Grind into a powder. Take 3-5 qian per dose, decoct with water and take orally. Adults may also take it. (Another prescription adds Sheng Jiang).
Bai Zhi Yin: Treats pediatric epistaxis and hematemesis.
Bai Zhi (dried), Ou Jie (dried).
Grind equally into powder. For three-year-olds, take half a qian, mix with Ou Zhi (lotus root juice) and honey, and take with boiling water. Another prescription uses Bai Shao Yao powder mixed with Xi Jiao juice to treat hemoptysis and epistaxis.
Chen Jiao San: Treats pediatric hematemesis.
E Jiao (stir-fried), Ge Fen (equal parts), Chen Sha (a small amount).
Grind into powder and mix to form a pink color. For three-year-olds, take 1 qian, mix with Ou Zhi and honey, and take orally.
Zi Can San: Treats hematemesis.
Zi Can, Shan Zhi Zi, Sheng Gan Di Huang (each 1 liang), Ci Ji (1 fen, burned to ash), Luan Fa (1 fen, burned to ash, retaining substance properties, both ground finely above, prepared separately), Pu Huang, Fu Long Gan (each 1 fen, finely ground).
Mix all ingredients evenly. Take 0.5 to 1 qian per dose, take with Zhu Ru Tang (Bamboo Shavings Decoction).