身体壮热，或时憎寒，舌涩口干，睡多盗汗，皮肤枯燥，发立毛焦，乳食虽多，
肌肉消瘦，四肢无力，好睡昏昏，日往月来，转加 瘁，是其候也。瘦瘁少血，舌
干多啼，其病在心。目不转睛，虽啼无泪，其病在肝。身热尿干，手足清冷，其病
在肾。声焦皮燥，大便干结，其病在肺。搭口痴眠，胸脘干渴，其病在脾。
《仙人水鉴》独治干疳方
天灵盖 生鳖甲 波斯青黛 黄盐（以上各一分。陶隐居云，北海黄盐草粒粗，以作鱼 及咸菹）
上并同研令细。日服一字，空心熟水下。若是湿疳，不治，干疳，治之不过三服，神效。
《圣惠》天竺黄散 治小儿干疳，心脏烦热，眼目赤涩，皮肤干燥，夜多盗汗，羸瘦不能乳食。
天竺黄（半两） 牛黄 雄黄 朱砂 芦荟 麝香（各细研） 蟾头（炙令焦黄） 胡黄连 犀角
（屑） 木香 甘草（炙微赤，锉） 钓藤（各一分） 龙脑（一钱，细研）
上件药捣，细罗为散，都研令匀。每服，以温水调半钱，日三服，量儿大小，以意加减。
治小儿干疳体瘦烦热眠卧不安方
牛黄 雄黄 芦荟 青黛（各细研） 丁香 黄连（去须） 熊胆（研入） 蛇蜕皮（灰） 天竺黄
天浆子（微炒） 犀角（屑。各一分） 胡黄连（半两） 蟾酥（半钱，研入） 麝香（一钱，细研）
上件药捣，罗为末，更研令匀，以炼蜜和丸，如绿豆大。每服，以粥饮下三丸，
日三服，量儿大小，以意加减。
青黛丸 治小儿干疳，肌体羸瘦，皮毛干焦，发歇寒热，昏昏多睡。
青黛（三分，细研） 牛黄 芦荟 朱砂 麝香 雄黄（各细研） 胡黄连 蛇蜕皮（灰） 龙胆
（去芦头） 蝉壳（微炒。各一分） 蟾（一枚，涂酥炙焦黄）
上件药捣，罗为末，都研令匀，用面糊和丸，如黍米大。每服以粥饮下三丸，
日三服，量儿大小，临时增减。
牛黄丸 治小儿干疳，烦渴壮热，皮肤枯燥，日渐羸瘦。
牛黄（半钱，细研） 雄黄（细研） 黄连（去须） 芦荟 天竺黄（各一分） 龙脑 麝香（各一钱，细研）
甘草（半分，炙微赤，锉）
上件药捣，罗为末，都研令匀，用糯米饭和丸，如绿豆大。每一岁，以粥饮下一丸。
胡黄连丸 治小儿干疳，瘦弱不能乳食，发立脑干，肌体柴瘦。
胡黄连（末，半两） 朱砂 波斯青黛 芦荟（各三分） 麝香（一分） 蛇蜕皮（一条，烧灰） 蟾酥（一杏仁
大）
上件药，都研为末，用猪胆一枚，取法酒一盏和药末，都于铫子内熬如膏，
丸如绿豆大。五岁至七岁，以粥饮下五丸，日三服，三岁以下三丸。
青黛散 治小儿干疳，日久不瘥，骨立形枯，诸治无效者。
青黛 朱砂 芦荟 地龙 夜明砂（各微炒） 干虾蟆（灰） 熊胆（各一分） 麝香（二分）
上件药，都细研为散。每服半钱，空心以粥饮调下，更用少许药吹入鼻中。后
以桃枝汤看冷热浴儿，衣盖，有虫子出为效也。
牛黄丸 治小儿干疳，体热羸瘦，心神烦躁，少得眠卧。
牛黄（细研） 朱砂（细研，水飞过） 子芩 犀角（屑。各半两） 麝香（一分，细研）
上件药捣，罗为末，都研令匀，以糯米饭和丸，如麻子大。每服、用粥饮下三
丸，量儿大小，增减服之。
按∶干疳既是五脏之涸，则当以人参白术散、加减八味丸之类补而濡之，若
专恃以上诸丸药，恐无愈理。
身体持续高热，有时怕冷，舌面干涩口干，嗜睡且夜间盗汗，皮肤干枯粗糙，毛发直立焦枯，虽然吃奶进食很多，但肌肉消瘦，四肢无力，精神萎靡嗜睡，随着时间推移，病情逐渐加重憔悴，这是干疳的征候。身体极度消瘦、气血亏虚、舌干多啼哭，病位在心。眼睛呆滞不转动，即使哭泣也没有眼泪，病位在肝。身体发热、小便短少干燥、手脚冰凉，病位在肾。声音嘶哑、皮肤干燥、大便干结，病位在肺。口角溃烂、昏沉嗜睡、胸脘部干渴，病位在脾。
《仙人水鉴》中专门治疗干疳的方剂：
天灵盖、生鳖甲、波斯青黛、黄盐（以上各一分。陶隐居说，北海产的黄盐草粒较粗，用来制作鱼酱和咸菜）。
将上述药物一同研磨成细粉。每天服用“一字”的量，空腹时用温开水送服。如果是湿疳，无法治愈；如果是干疳，服用不超过三剂，即可收到神效。
《圣惠方》的天竺黄散，治疗小儿干疳，心脏烦热，眼目红涩，皮肤干燥，夜间多盗汗，形体瘦弱不能正常吃奶进食。
天竺黄（半两）、牛黄、雄黄、朱砂、芦荟、麝香（各需细研）、蟾头（炙至焦黄色）、胡黄连、犀角（锉屑）、木香、甘草（炙至微赤色，锉碎）、钓藤（各一分）、龙脑（一钱，细研）。
将上述药物捣碎，过细筛制成散剂，再共同研磨均匀。每次服用半钱，用温水调服，每日三次，根据患儿年龄大小，酌情加减剂量。
治疗小儿干疳身体瘦弱、烦热、睡眠不安的方剂：
牛黄、雄黄、芦荟、青黛（各需细研）、丁香、黄连（去须）、熊胆（研入）、蛇蜕皮（烧灰）、天竺黄、天浆子（微炒）、犀角（锉屑，各一分）、胡黄连（半两）、蟾酥（半钱，研入）、麝香（一钱，细研）。
将上述药物捣碎，过筛制成粉末，再共同研磨均匀，用炼蜜调和制成丸药，如绿豆大小。每次服用三丸，用米汤送服，每日三次，根据患儿年龄大小，酌情加减剂量。
青黛丸，治疗小儿干疳，肌体瘦弱，皮毛干枯焦黄，交替出现寒热症状，昏昏欲睡。
青黛（三分，细研）、牛黄、芦荟、朱砂、麝香、雄黄（各需细研）、胡黄连、蛇蜕皮（烧灰）、龙胆（去芦头）、蝉壳（微炒，各一分）、蟾（一枚，涂酥炙至焦黄色）。
将上述药物捣碎，过筛制成粉末，再共同研磨均匀，用面糊调和制成丸药，如黍米大小。每次服用三丸，用米汤送服，每日三次，根据患儿年龄大小，临时增减剂量。
牛黄丸，治疗小儿干疳，烦渴壮热，皮肤干枯，日渐消瘦。
牛黄（半钱，细研）、雄黄（细研）、黄连（去须）、芦荟、天竺黄（各一分）、龙脑、麝香（各一钱，细研）、甘草（半分，炙至微赤色，锉碎）。
将上述药物捣碎，过筛制成粉末，再共同研磨均匀，用糯米饭调和制成丸药，如绿豆大小。每岁患儿服用一丸，用米汤送服。
胡黄连丸，治疗小儿干疳，瘦弱不能吃奶进食，毛发直立、头部干燥，肌体柴瘦。
胡黄连（末，半两）、朱砂、波斯青黛、芦荟（各三分）、麝香（一分）、蛇蜕皮（一条，烧灰）、蟾酥（一杏仁大小）。
将上述药物共同研磨为粉末，取猪胆汁一枚，用法酒一盏调和药末，全部放入铫子内熬制成膏状，制成如绿豆大小的丸药。五岁至七岁患儿，用米汤送服五丸，每日三次；三岁以下患儿服用三丸。
青黛散，治疗小儿干疳，日久不愈，骨立形枯，各种治疗方法无效者。
青黛、朱砂、芦荟、地龙、夜明砂（各微炒）、干虾蟆（烧灰）、熊胆（各一分）、麝香（二分）。
将上述药物共同细研为散剂。每次服用半钱，空腹时以米汤调服，再用少许药粉吹入鼻中。随后用桃枝煎汤，根据冷热情况给患儿洗浴，注意保暖覆盖，若有虫子排出即为有效。
牛黄丸，治疗小儿干疳，身体发热、形体瘦弱，心神烦躁，很少能入睡。
牛黄（细研）、朱砂（细研，水飞法处理）、子芩、犀角（锉屑，各半两）、麝香（一分，细研）。
将上述药物捣碎，过筛制成粉末，再共同研磨均匀，用糯米饭调和制成丸药，如麻子大小。每次服用三丸，用米汤送服，根据患儿年龄大小，增减剂量服用。
按语：干疳既然是五脏津液枯竭所致，就应当用人参白术散、加减八味丸之类的方剂进行补益滋润，如果专门依赖以上这些丸药，恐怕没有痊愈的道理。
The body has persistent high fever, sometimes with aversion to cold. The tongue is dry and rough with a dry mouth. There is excessive sleepiness and night sweats. The skin is dry and rough, and the hair stands upright and becomes brittle. Although milk and food intake are abundant, muscles emaciate, and the four limbs lack strength. The child is lethargic and drowsy. As days and months pass, the condition deteriorates into severe emaciation; this is the presentation of *Gan Gan* (Dry Malnutrition). Severe emaciation, blood deficiency, dry tongue, and frequent crying indicate the pathology is in the Heart. The eyes are fixed and do not move; even when crying, there are no tears, indicating the pathology is in the Liver. Body heat, dry and scanty urine, and cold hands and feet indicate the pathology is in the Kidney. Hoarse voice, dry skin, and dry, constipated stool indicate the pathology is in the Lung. Perioral ulcers, lethargy, and dryness/thirst in the chest and epigastrium indicate the pathology is in the Spleen.
**Formula from *Xianren Shuijian* for Treating Dry Malnutrition:**
*Tianlinggai* (Cranial Bone), *Sheng Biejia* (Raw Turtle Shell), *Bosi Qingdai* (Persian Indigo Naturalis), *Huangyan* (Yellow Salt) (each 1 fen. Tao Hongjing stated that yellow salt from the North Sea has coarse granules and is used for making fish paste and pickles).
Grind all ingredients together into a fine powder. Administer "one character" dose daily, taken on an empty stomach with warm water. If it is *Shi Gan* (Damp Malnutrition), it is incurable; if it is *Gan Gan* (Dry Malnutrition), treatment within three doses yields miraculous effects.
**Tianzhu Huang San from *Shenghui Fang*:**
Indicated for pediatric *Gan Gan*, heart vexation and heat, red and gritty eyes, dry skin, frequent night sweats, emaciation, and inability to feed.
*Tianzhu Huang* (Calamina, 0.5 liang), *Niuhuang* (Calculus Bovis), *Xionghuang* (Realgar), *Zhusha* (Cinnabaris), *Luhui* (Aloe), *Shexiang* (Moschus) (each finely ground), *Chantou* (Toad Head, roasted until scorched yellow), *Huhuanglian* (Rhizoma Coptidis), *Xijiao* (Cornu Rhinocerotis, shaved), *Muxiang* (Radix Aucklandiae), *Gancao* (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted until slightly reddish and cut), *Diaoteng* (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis, each 1 fen), *Longnao* (Borneolum Syntheticum, 1 qian, finely ground).
Pound the above medicines, sift through a fine sieve to make a powder, and grind uniformly. Take half a qian per dose, mixed with warm water, three times daily. Adjust dosage according to the child's age and size.
**Formula for Pediatric Gan Gan with Emaciation, Vexation, Heat, and Restless Sleep:**
*Niuhuang* (Calculus Bovis), *Xionghuang* (Realgar), *Luhui* (Aloe), *Qingdai* (Indigo Naturalis) (each finely ground), *Dingxiang* (Flos Caryophylli), *Huanglian* (Rhizoma Coptidis, remove stamens), *Xiongdan* (Ursi Fel, incorporated by grinding), *Shetuipi* (Ophichthidis Cutis, ash), *Tianzhuhuang* (Spatholobi Caulis), *Tianjiangzi* (Fructus Loranthi, lightly stir-fried), *Xijiao* (Cornu Rhinocerotis, shaved, each 1 fen), *Huhuanglian* (Rhizoma Coptidis, 0.5 liang), *Chansu* (Venenum Bufonis, 0.5 qian, incorporated by grinding), *Shexiang* (Moschus, 1 qian, finely ground).
Pound the above medicines, sift into powder, and grind uniformly. Mix with refined honey to form pills the size of mung beans. Take three pills per dose with rice broth, three times daily. Adjust dosage according to the child's age and size.
**Qingdai Wan:**
Indicated for pediatric *Gan Gan*, emaciated body, dry and brittle hair and skin, alternating chills and fever, and lethargy with excessive sleep.
*Qingdai* (Indigo Naturalis, 3 fen, finely ground), *Niuhuang* (Calculus Bovis), *Luhui* (Aloe), *Zhusha* (Cinnabaris), *Shexiang* (Moschus), *Xionghuang* (Realgar) (each finely ground), *Huhuanglian* (Rhizoma Coptidis), *Shetuipi* (Ophichthidis Cutis, ash), *Longdan* (Radix Gentianae, remove rhizome), *Chanke* (Periostracum Cicadae, lightly stir-fried, each 1 fen), *Chan* (Toad, one piece, coated with butter and roasted until scorched yellow).
Pound the above medicines, sift into powder, and grind uniformly. Mix with wheat paste to form pills the size of millet seeds. Take three pills per dose with rice broth, three times daily. Adjust dosage temporarily according to the child's age and size.
**Niuhuang Wan:**
Indicated for pediatric *Gan Gan*, vexation, thirst, high fever, dry skin, and progressive emaciation.
*Niuhuang* (Calculus Bovis, 0.5 qian, finely ground), *Xionghuang* (Realgar, finely ground), *Huanglian* (Rhizoma Coptidis, remove stamens), *Luhui* (Aloe), *Tianzhuhuang* (Spatholobi Caulis, each 1 fen), *Longnao* (Borneolum Syntheticum), *Shexiang* (Moschus, each 1 qian, finely ground), *Gancao* (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 0.5 fen, roasted until slightly reddish and cut).
Pound the above medicines, sift into powder, and grind uniformly. Mix with glutinous rice to form pills the size of mung beans. One pill per year of age, taken with rice broth.
**Huhuanglian Wan:**
Indicated for pediatric *Gan Gan*, emaciation and weakness preventing feeding, erect hair, dry head, and woody emaciation of the body.
*Huhuanglian* (Rhizoma Coptidis, powder, 0.5 liang), *Zhusha* (Cinnabaris), *Bosi Qingdai* (Persian Indigo Naturalis), *Luhui* (Aloe) (each 3 fen), *Shexiang* (Moschus, 1 fen), *Shetuipi* (Ophichthidis Cutis, one strip, burned to ash), *Chansu* (Venenum Bufonis, size of an almond).
Grind all medicines into powder. Take one pig gallbladder and one cup of medicinal wine to mix with the powder. Boil in a pot until it forms a paste. Form into pills the size of mung beans. For children aged five to seven, take five pills with rice broth, three times daily; for children under three years old, take three pills.
**Qingdai San:**
Indicated for pediatric *Gan Gan* lasting long without recovery, skeletal emaciation, where other treatments have failed.
*Qingdai* (Indigo Naturalis), *Zhusha* (Cinnabaris), *Luhui* (Aloe), *Dilong* (Pheretima), *Yeming Sha* (Stercoris Tabetae) (each lightly stir-fried), *Gan Xiamatu* (Bufo, burned to ash), *Xiongdan* (Ursi Fel, each 1 fen), *Shexiang* (Moschus, 2 fen).
Grind all medicines finely into a powder. Take half a qian per dose, mixed with rice broth on an empty stomach. Also, blow a small amount of the powder into the nose. Subsequently, bathe the child in peach branch decoction at a comfortable temperature, cover with clothing, and expulsion of parasites indicates efficacy.
**Niuhuang Wan:**
Indicated for pediatric *Gan Gan*, body heat, emaciation, mental restlessness, and insomnia.
*Niuhuang* (Calculus Bovis, finely ground), *Zhusha* (Cinnabaris, finely ground, water-floating processed), *Ziqin* (Scutellariae Radix), *Xijiao* (Cornu Rhinocerotis, shaved, each 0.5 liang), *Shexiang* (Moschus, 1 fen, finely ground).
Pound the above medicines, sift into powder, and grind uniformly. Mix with glutinous rice to form pills the size of sesame seeds. Take three pills per dose with rice broth. Adjust dosage according to the child's age and size.
**Commentary:** Since *Gan Gan* (Dry Malnutrition) results from the depletion of the Five Zang organs, it should be treated with tonifying and moistening formulas such as *Renshen Baizhu San* (Ginseng and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder) or *Jiajian Bawei Wan* (Modified Eight-Ingredient Pill). Relying solely on the aforementioned pill formulas is unlikely to lead to a cure.