猪苓（十八铢味甘平去皮） 泽泻（一两六铢半味酸咸） 茯苓（十八铢） 桂枝（半
两去皮味辛热） 白术（十八铢味甘平）
上五味。为末。以白饮和。服方寸匕。日三服。多饮暖水。汗出。愈。
淡者。一也。口入一而为甘。甘甚而反淡。甘缓而淡渗。猪苓、白术、茯苓。三味
之甘。润虚燥而利津液。咸味下泄为阴。泽泻之咸。以泄伏水。辛甘发散为阳。桂枝之
辛甘。以和肌表。
张兼善云。烦渴用白虎。宜也。其用五苓散。渗津液。何哉。曰。白虎乃表证已解。
邪传里而烦渴者。今脉尚浮。身有微热而渴。乃表邪未全解。故用桂枝之辛。和肌表。白
术茯苓之甘淡。以润虚燥也。
王宇泰云。此说亦未莹。太阳、经也。膀胱、腑也。膀胱者。溺之室也。五苓散者。
利溺药也。膀胱者。津液之府。故东垣以渴为膀胱经本病。然则治渴者。当泻膀胱之热。
泻膀胱之热者。利小便而已矣。
发汗已。脉浮数。烦渴者。五苓散主之。
发汗已。脉浮数者。表邪未尽也。烦渴。亡津液。胃燥也。与五苓散。和表润燥。
伤寒。汗出而渴者。五苓散主之。不渴者。茯苓甘草汤主之。
伤寒汗出而渴者。亡津液。胃燥。邪气渐传里也。五苓散以和表里。若汗出不渴者。
邪气不传里。但在表而表虚也。与茯苓甘草汤。和表合卫。
猪苓（十八铢，味甘、平，去皮） 泽泻（一两六铢半，味酸、咸） 茯苓（十八铢） 桂枝（半两，去皮，味辛、热） 白术（十八铢，味甘、平）
以上五味药。研成细末。用米汤调和。服用方寸匕大小的药量。每日服三次。服药后多喝热水。使身体出汗。病即可痊愈。
淡味的药，作用是一般的渗透。入口初觉一则为甘，甘味过甚反而显得淡。甘味具有缓急作用，而淡味具有渗利作用。猪苓、白术、茯苓这三味药的甘淡之性，能滋润虚燥并通利津液。咸味向下泄降，属于阴。泽泻的咸味，用来泄除潜伏的水饮。辛味和甘味配合能发散，属于阳。桂枝的辛甘之性，用来调和肌表。
张兼善说：烦渴症状使用白虎汤（清热生津的方剂），是适宜的。那么为什么使用五苓散（利水渗湿的方剂）来渗利津液呢？回答说：白虎汤适用于表证已解，邪气传入里部而出现烦渴的情况。现在脉象仍然浮起，身体有轻微发热且口渴，这是表邪尚未完全解除，所以使用桂枝的辛味来调和肌表，使用白术、茯苓的甘淡之性来滋润虚燥。
王宇泰说：这种说法也不够透彻。太阳经，是经络；膀胱腑，是脏腑。膀胱，是储存尿液的场所。五苓散，是利小便的药物。膀胱，是津液汇聚的府库。所以李东垣认为口渴是膀胱经的本病。既然如此，治疗口渴，应当清泻膀胱的热邪。清泻膀胱热邪的方法，就是通利小便罢了。
发汗之后，脉象浮数的，说明表邪未尽。烦渴，是因为津液耗伤，胃中干燥。给予五苓散，以调和表邪并滋润燥热。
伤寒病，出汗且口渴的，由五苓散主治。不出汗或不渴的，由茯苓甘草汤（温中化饮的方剂）主治。
伤寒病出汗且口渴的，是因为津液耗伤，胃中干燥，邪气逐渐传入里部。五苓散用来调和表里。如果出汗但不口渴的，说明邪气没有传入里部，仅在表部且表虚。给予茯苓甘草汤，以调和表部并护卫卫气。
Zhu Ling (Polyporus, *Polyporus umbellatus*) [18 zhu, sweet flavor, neutral nature, remove skin] Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome, *Alismatis Rhizoma*) [1 liang 6 zhu half, sour and salty flavors] Fu Ling (Poria, *Poria cocos*) [18 zhu] Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig, *Cinnamomi Ramulus*) [half liang, remove skin, pungent and hot flavors] Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome, *Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma*) [18 zhu, sweet flavor, neutral nature]
The above five herbs. Grind into powder. Mix with rice water (*bai yin*). Administer one *fangcun bi* (a square-inch measure) per dose. Take three times daily. Drink plenty of warm water after administration. When sweat appears, the disease is cured.
The pale flavor has a general permeating action. Entering the mouth initially feels like sweetness; excessive sweetness appears pale. Sweetness relaxes, while paleness permeates. The sweet and pale properties of Zhu Ling, Bai Zhu, and Fu Ling moisten deficiency dryness and promote the flow of body fluids (*Jin Ye*). Salty flavor drains downward and belongs to Yin. The salty nature of Ze Xie drains latent water retention. Pungent and sweet flavors combined disperse and belong to Yang. The pungent and sweet nature of Gui Zhi harmonizes the muscle layer (*Ji Biao*).
Zhang Jianshan stated: For irritability and thirst, using Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is appropriate. Then why use Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) to permeate body fluids? The answer is: Bai Hu Tang is indicated when the exterior syndrome has resolved, and pathogenic factors have transmitted inward causing irritability and thirst. Currently, the pulse is still floating, there is slight fever, and thirst, indicating that the exterior pathogen has not fully resolved. Therefore, the pungency of Gui Zhi is used to harmonize the muscle layer, and the sweet-pale nature of Bai Zhu and Fu Ling is used to moisten deficiency dryness.
Wang Yutai stated: This explanation is also not sufficiently clear. Tai Yang is a meridian; Bladder is an organ. The Bladder is the chamber for urine. Wu Ling San consists of herbs that promote urination. The Bladder is the mansion of body fluids. Therefore, Li Dongyuan considered thirst as the primary disease of the Bladder meridian. Thus, to treat thirst, one should drain the heat of the Bladder. To drain the heat of the Bladder, one merely promotes urination.
After sweating, if the pulse is floating and rapid, accompanied by irritability and thirst, Wu Ling San is the primary treatment.
After sweating, if the pulse is floating and rapid, it indicates that the exterior pathogen is not yet exhausted. Irritability and thirst result from the loss of body fluids and dryness in the Stomach. Administer Wu Ling San to harmonize the exterior and moisten dryness.
In Shaoyang cold damage, if there is sweating and thirst, Wu Ling San is the primary treatment. If there is no thirst, Fu Ling Gan Cao Tang (Poria and Licorice Decoction) is the primary treatment.
In cold damage with sweating and thirst, body fluids are lost, the Stomach is dry, and pathogenic factors are gradually transmitting inward. Wu Ling San is used to harmonize the interior and exterior. If there is sweating but no thirst, it indicates that pathogenic factors have not transmitted inward but remain at the exterior with exterior deficiency. Administer Fu Ling Gan Cao Tang to harmonize the exterior and protect the defensive Qi (*Wei Qi*).