苦、辛、温。入手太阴，兼足少阴经气分。治膀胱冲背之冷气，消风湿侵胃之寒痹。疗
泻痢，止腹痛。磨水灌下，
能治猫犬百病。得木香，治腹冷气痛。得川芎，治气厥头痛。配小青皮，去五积切痛。佐益
智仁，治小便频数。
酒浸一宿，去心用。炒研用亦可。气虚及内热者禁用。
一名云香
辛、苦、平。入手足太阴二经。主风热之疹，胜肉里之湿。搽齿龈，止吐痢，活血生肌，
排脓止痛。配蛤粉、姜汁，
治吐衄。内服多不宜。
辛、苦、温。入手少阴经气分。去风伸筋，活血除痛，并疗痘后余毒，并治跌打损伤。
得胆
矾，烧研，敷甲疽努肉。得鹿血、真茶，治心腹气痛。配绿豆、朱砂，研调水服，托里护心
。（毒瓦斯外出，不致内侵。）佐枣仁，治胆虚不眠。佐枳壳，令胎滑易产。
箬上烘去油，同灯心研则细。
苦，平。微寒。入十二经血分。乳香功专活血而定痛，没药功专散血而消肿。得虎胫骨，
治历节风痛。配血竭、童
便，去产后恶血。
箬上烘去油，同灯心研则细。痈疽已溃，血虚腹痛，孕妇，三者禁用。
气血疼痛，疮毒壅肿，皆用乳、没治之。盖血滞则气瘀，气瘀则经络满，故痛而且肿，
得乳
、没以通其气血，肿痛自除。然气血之瘀滞，亦有气虚不行、血虚不动者。有邪气入于肌肉
，致气血凝滞者。宜审其虚实，或补或散，以乳、没为佐，勿专恃散血活血之剂以为功也。
乌药：味苦、辛，性温。归入手太阴肺经，兼入足少阴肾经的气分。治疗膀胱寒气上冲至背部的冷痛，消除风湿之邪侵袭胃部导致的寒性痹证。治疗腹泻和痢疾，缓解腹痛。研磨成水灌服，能治疗猫狗的各种疾病。与木香配伍，治疗腹部冷气引起的疼痛。与川芎配伍，治疗气机逆乱导致的头痛。与小青皮配伍，去除五积病引起的剧烈疼痛。佐以益智仁，治疗小便频数。用酒浸泡一夜后，去掉木质心使用。也可以炒制后研磨使用。气虚及内有热邪者禁用。
云香（即没药）：一名云香。味辛、苦，性平。归入手足太阴肺脾二经。主治风热引起的皮疹，胜除肌肉纹理间的湿气。搽于牙龈，可止住呕吐和痢疾，活血生肌，排脓止痛。与蛤粉、姜汁配伍，治疗吐血和鼻衄。内服大多不宜。
乳香：味辛、苦，性温。归入手少阴心经的气分。祛风舒筋，活血止痛，并治疗痘疹后的余毒，同时治疗跌打损伤。与胆矾配伍，烧研后外敷，治疗甲疽努肉。与鹿血、真茶配伍，治疗心腹气痛。与绿豆、朱砂配伍，研磨调水服用，托毒外出保护心脏。（使毒瓦斯向外发散，不致使之内侵。）佐以酸枣仁，治疗胆虚导致的不眠。佐以枳壳，可使胎儿滑利易于分娩。在箬叶上烘烤去油，同灯心草一起研磨则细腻。
没药：味苦，性平，微寒。归入十二经的血分。乳香的功效专在于活血而定痛，没药的功效专在于散血而消肿。与虎胫骨配伍，治疗历节风痛。与血竭、童便配伍，去除产后恶露不尽。在箬叶上烘烤去油，同灯心草一起研磨则细腻。痈疽已经溃破、血虚腹痛、孕妇，这三类情况禁用。气血疼痛、疮毒壅滞肿胀，都用乳香和没药来治疗。因为血滞则气瘀，气瘀则经络满塞，所以既痛又肿，得到乳香、没药来疏通其气血，肿痛自然消除。然而气血的瘀滞，也有因气虚不能推动、血虚不能流动造成的。有因邪气侵入肌肉，导致气血凝滞的。应当审察其虚实，或补益或消散，以乳香、没药作为辅助，不要专门依赖散血活血的药物来求取功效。
Wuyao (Linderae Radix): Bitter, pungent, warm. Enters the Qi level of the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian and the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. Treats cold qi rushing from the bladder to the back; dissipates cold bi-syndrome caused by wind-dampness invading the stomach. Treats diarrhea and dysentery, stops abdominal pain. Ground into water and administered orally, it can treat various diseases in cats and dogs. Combined with Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), it treats abdominal cold qi pain. Combined with Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), it treats headache due to qi reversal. Paired with Xiao Qingpi (Immature Tangerine Peel), it eliminates severe pain from the Five Accumulations. Assisted with Yizhiren (Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit), it treats frequent urination. Soak in wine overnight, remove the woody core before use. It may also be stir-fried and ground for use. Contraindicated in cases of Qi deficiency and internal heat.
Yunxiang (Myrrha): Also known as Yunxiang. Pungent, bitter, neutral. Enters the Hand and Foot Taiyin (Lung and Spleen) meridians. Primarily treats rashes caused by wind-heat; overcomes dampness in the muscle layer. Applied to the gums, it stops vomiting and dysentery, invigorates blood, generates flesh, drains pus, and relieves pain. Paired with Ge Fen (Concha Arcae) and Jiang Zhi (Ginger Juice), it treats hematemesis and epistaxis. Internal administration is generally not advisable.
Ruxiang (Olibanum): Pungent, bitter, warm. Enters the Qi level of the Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Dispels wind and extends tendons, invigorates blood and removes pain, and treats residual toxins after smallpox/variolous eruptions; also treats traumatic injuries. Combined with Danfan (Alumen), calcined and ground, applied externally to treat onychocryptosis with hypertrophic granulation tissue. Combined with Luxue (Cervi Cornus Colligens Blood) and Zhen Cha (True Tea Leaves), it treats heart and abdominal qi pain. Paired with Ludou (Phaseoli Semen) and Zhusha (Cinnabaris), ground and mixed with water for oral administration, it expels toxins outward and protects the heart. (This allows toxic vapors to exit outward, preventing internal invasion.) Assisted with Zaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), it treats insomnia due to Gallbladder deficiency. Assisted with Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), it facilitates smooth delivery of the fetus. Bake on bamboo leaf to remove oil; grind together with Dengxincao (Junci Medulla) for fine powder.
Moyao (Myrrha): Bitter, neutral, slightly cold. Enters the Blood level of the Twelve Meridians. Ruxiang's function specializes in invigorating blood to settle pain; Moyao's function specializes in dispersing blood to reduce swelling. Combined with Hu Jinggu (Tigris Ossis), it treats Li Jie Feng pain (pain affecting multiple joints). Paired with Xuexue (Draconis Sanguis) and Tong Bian (Infant Urine), it removes postpartum lochia retention. Bake on bamboo leaf to remove oil; grind together with Dengxincao (Junci Medulla) for fine powder. Contraindicated in three conditions: abscesses that have already ulcerated, abdominal pain due to blood deficiency, and pregnancy. For pain due to Qi and Blood stagnation, and swelling due to accumulation of sores and toxins, both Ruxiang and Moyao are used. This is because blood stagnation leads to Qi stasis, Qi stasis leads to fullness in the collaterals, resulting in pain and swelling. With Ruxiang and Moyao to unblock Qi and Blood, pain and swelling naturally subside. However, Qi and Blood stagnation can also result from Qi deficiency failing to move or Blood deficiency failing to flow. There are cases where pathogenic factors enter the muscles, causing Qi and Blood coagulation and stagnation. One must examine whether the condition is excess or deficiency, apply tonification or dispersion accordingly, using Ruxiang and Moyao as assistants, rather than relying solely on agents that disperse and invigorate blood for therapeutic effect.