甘，冷，利。入手太阳、阳明经。除热通窍，滑胎逐瘀。配粳米，治产后痢。（紫者利
气，
更好。）煎汤，洗漆疮。红者入血分，紫者入气分。
子 甘，寒。入足厥阴经。治肝风客热，疗翳目黑花，利二便，杀蛔虫。
酸，寒。入手太阳、阳明经。散血解毒，去风杀虫。利大便，退寒热，治疳痢，疗虚汗。
得
五加皮、苍术，治筋骨痛。汁和鸡子白煎服，治赤白带下。
捣汁，能利恶物。捣敷，火丹恶疮。和锻石三分之二，捣敷疔疮。脾胃不实，血虚气浮
者，
禁用。
一名黄花地丁
辛、苦，微寒。入足太阴、阳明经。解食毒，散滞气，化热毒，消疔肿。治淋通乳，敷
诸疮
，涂狐刺。（诸虫精汁遗诸物上，干久有毒，人手触之成疾，名狐尿刺，惨痛不眠，取浓汁
涂之
即愈。）同忍冬藤煎汤，入少酒服，治乳痈。
捣汁和酒服。
一名山药
紫芝为之使。恶甘遂。
甘，平。入手足太阴经血分，兼入足少阴经气分。补脾阴，调肺气。治虚热干咳，遗精
泄泻
，游
风眼眩，惊悸健忘。生者捣敷疮毒，能消肿硬。（合蓖麻子更效。）得菟丝子，止遗泄。配人
参，补肺气。佐羊肉，补脾阴。佐熟地，固肾水。合米仁，治泄泻。
入补脾药，微炒。入补肺药，乳拌蒸。治阴火，生用。恐气滞，佐以陈皮。力薄须倍用。
阴
虚火动者，久必脾气衰败，泄泻不止，用白术、米仁以燥土，肾水益致干涸，惟此同芡实、
莲子以实之，则补土不妨于水，乃为善治。
苋菜：味甘，性冷，具有通利作用。归入手太阳经和手阳明经。能清除热邪、通畅孔窍，具有滑胎和逐瘀的功效。与粳米配伍，可治疗产后痢疾。（紫色的苋菜更能行气，效果更好。）煎汤外洗，可治疗漆疮。红色的苋菜入血分，紫色的苋菜入气分。
苋菜子：味甘，性寒。归入足厥阴经。治疗肝风客热，治愈目生翳膜和黑花，通利大小便，杀灭蛔虫。
马齿苋：味酸，性寒。归入手太阳经和手阳明经。能散血解毒，祛风杀虫。通利大便，退除寒热，治疗疳积痢疾，治愈虚汗。与五加皮、苍术配伍，可治疗筋骨疼痛。将汁液与鸡蛋清混合煎服，可治疗赤白带下。捣取汁液，能排出恶浊之物。捣碎外敷，可治疗火丹（丹毒）和恶疮。与锻石（煅烧过的矿石粉）按三分之二比例混合，捣碎外敷，可治疗疔疮。脾胃虚弱不实、血虚气浮者，禁用。
地丁草：又名黄花地丁。味辛、苦，微寒。归入足太阴经和足阳明经。能解除食物毒素，疏散滞气，化解热毒，消除疔肿。治疗淋证并促进乳汁分泌，外敷各种疮疡，涂抹治疗狐尿刺（一种由昆虫分泌物引起的皮肤疾病，症状为剧烈疼痛且无法入睡，用浓汁涂抹即可痊愈）。与忍冬藤一起煎汤，加入少量酒服用，可治疗乳痈。也可捣汁加酒服用。
薯蓣（山药）：味辛，性平，质地滑润。能宽畅肠胃，充实肌肤，破除陈旧之血，去除坏死之肌。
山药：味甘，性平。归入手足太阴经的血分，兼入足少阴经的气分。补益脾阴，调理肺气。治疗虚热干咳、遗精泄泻、游风引起的眼眩、惊悸健忘。生品捣碎外敷疮毒，能消肿硬结。（配合蓖麻子使用效果更佳。）与菟丝子配伍，可止遗精泄泻；与人参配伍，可补肺气；佐以羊肉，可补脾阴；佐以熟地黄，可固肾水；合薏苡仁，可治疗泄泻。用于补脾药中时，需微炒；用于补肺药中时，需用乳汁拌蒸。治疗阴火时，宜生用。若担心其导致气滞，可佐以陈皮。因其药力较薄，需加倍用量。阴虚火旺者，久病必致脾气衰败、泄泻不止，此时若用白术、薏苡仁燥湿健脾，会使肾水更加干涸，唯有此药同芡实、莲子配合使用以充实脾土，则补土而不碍水，这才是妥善的治疗方法。
Amaranthus (Xiancai): Sweet in taste, cold in nature, promoting unblocking and draining. Enters the Hand Taiyang and Hand Yangming meridians. Clears heat and opens orifices, promotes fetal expulsion and dispels blood stasis. Paired with Coicis Semen (Job's tears) [Note: Text says Jingmi/Polypodi Rhizome? No, Jingmi is Oryzae Fructus Glutinosus - Rice], it treats postpartum dysentery. (Purple varieties promote Qi circulation better.) Decocted as a wash for treating poison ivy dermatitis (Qichuang). Red varieties enter the Blood level; purple varieties enter the Qi level.
Amaranthus Seed (Xianzi): Sweet in taste, cold in nature. Enters the Foot Jueyin meridian. Treats liver wind with guest-heat, heals corneal opacity and visual floaters ("black flowers"), promotes urination and defecation, and kills roundworms.
Portulaca (Machi): Sour in taste, cold in nature. Enters the Hand Taiyang and Hand Yangming meridians. Disperses blood and resolves toxicity, expels wind and kills parasites. Promotes bowel movement, relieves alternating chills and fever, treats childhood malnutrition dysentery (Ganli), and cures spontaneous sweating. Paired with Acanthopanacis Cortex (Wujia Pi) and Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu), it treats pain in muscles and bones. Juice mixed with albumen ovi (egg white) and decocted orally treats leukorrhea (red and white discharge). Crushed to extract juice, it facilitates the expulsion of foul matter. Applied externally as a poultice, it treats erysipelas (Huodan) and malignant sores. Mixed with two-thirds part of Calcined Stone (Duanshi) and applied as a poultice, it treats carbuncles (Dingchuang). Contraindicated for those with spleen-stomach deficiency without solidity, blood deficiency, and floating qi.
Viola (Diding): Also known as Huanghua Diding. Pungent and bitter in taste, slightly cold in nature. Enters the Foot Taiyin and Foot Yangming meridians. Resolves food toxicity, disperses stagnant Qi, transforms heat toxicity, and reduces carbuncle swelling. Treats stranguria and promotes lactation, applies to various sores, and smears on "fox urine prick" (a skin disease caused by contact with insect secretions, characterized by severe pain and insomnia, cured by applying thick juice). Decocted with Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis (Rendong Teng) and taken with a little wine, it treats mastitis (Ruyong). Alternatively, crushed to extract juice and taken with wine.
Dioscorea (Shanyao/Shuyu): Pungent in taste, neutral in nature, slippery in texture. Relaxes the stomach and intestines, nourishes the flesh, breaks old blood, and removes necrotic tissue.
Bupleuri Radix (Zizhi) acts as its guide drug. It opposes Kansui Radix (Gansui).
Chinese Yam (Shanyao): Sweet in taste, neutral in nature. Enters the blood level of the Hand and Foot Taiyin meridians, and concurrently enters the Qi level of the Foot Shaoyin meridian. Tonifies spleen Yin, regulates lung Qi. Treats deficiency-heat with dry cough, seminal emission, diarrhea, vertigo due to wandering wind, palpitations, and poor memory. Raw tuber crushed and applied externally to toxic sores reduces swelling and induration. (More effective when combined with Ricini Semen/Castor Bean). Paired with Cuscutae Semen (Tusizi), it stops emission and diarrhea. Paired with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), it tonifies lung Qi. Assisted by Mutton (Yangrou), it tonifies spleen Yin. Assisted by Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudi), it secures kidney water. Combined with Coicis Semen (Yiren), it treats diarrhea. When used in spleen-tonifying formulas, stir-fry lightly. When used in lung-tonifying formulas, steam with milk. For treating ministerial fire, use raw. To prevent Qi stagnation, assist with Tangerine Peel (Chenpi). Due to its weak potency, double the dosage. In cases of Yin deficiency with hyperactive fire, prolonged illness inevitably leads to spleen Qi collapse and persistent diarrhea. Using Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) and Coicis Semen (Yiren) to dry dampness would further deplete kidney water. Only by using this herb together with Euryales Semen (Qianshi) and Nelumbinis Semen (Lianzi) to solidify the spleen earth can one tonify the earth without hindering the water, which constitutes the optimal treatment.