（病在表者，宜汗宜散。病在里者，宜攻宜清。至于表证未除，里证又急者，仲景复立
大柴
方以
（仲景） 治伤寒发热，汗出不解，阳邪入里，热结在里。（里非三阴之里，乃胃腑
此为少阳阳明。三阴亦有转人阳明者，如太阴有桂枝加大黄汤，少阴有三大承气，厥阴
承气，皆兼阳明证也。）心下痞硬，呕而下利。（张兼善曰∶里虚者，虽便难而勿攻。里
虽吐利而可下。心烦喜呕，里热已甚，结于胃中，故下之则愈。又曰∶伤寒下之早，
者，里虚协热而利也。因表里不解，故用桂枝人参汤，解表和里。若伤寒发热，汗出
心下痞硬，呕吐而下利者，此为实，故以大柴胡下之。）或往来寒热，烦渴谵妄腹满
表证未除，里证又急，脉洪。（邪在阳明。）或沉实弦数者。（沉实为邪在里，弦数为
阳。）
柴胡（八两） 半夏（半升） 黄芩 芍药（三两） 生姜（五两） 大枣（十二枚劈）
枳实（四枚）
表证未除，故用柴胡以解表。里证又急，故用大黄枳实以攻里。芍药安脾敛阴，（能泻
肝火
此
则痞
去
真
紧
仲
） 以前胡易柴胡，名大前胡汤。（崔氏取其清降而治风痰。）
（仲景） 治伤寒十三日不解，胸胁满而呕，日晡潮热。已而微利。此本柴胡证
以圆药下之，非其治也，潮热者实也。先宜小柴胡汤以解外，后以加芒硝汤主之。（
三日，为再经已尽，当解之时。胁满而呕，少阳也。胸满而日晡潮热，阳明也，邪气
里之间。）
（病邪在体表，适宜用发汗、疏散的方法治疗。病邪在体内，适宜用攻下、清里的方法治疗。至于表证尚未解除，而里证又十分急迫的情况，张仲景又创立了大柴胡汤这一方剂。）
（张仲景）用于治疗伤寒发热，出汗后热势仍未消退，阳热邪气内传入里，热邪结聚于体内。（这里的“里”并非指三阴经的里，而是指胃腑，这属于少阳阳明合病。三阴经也有转属阳明的情况，例如太阴病有桂枝加大黄汤，少阴病有三承气汤，厥阴病也有承气汤，这些都是兼有阳明证的表现。）症状表现为心下部痞塞胀硬，呕吐并伴有腹泻。（张兼善说：如果里气虚弱，即使大便困难也不宜攻下。如果里气不虚，虽然出现吐利症状也可以攻下。心烦喜呕，说明里热已经非常严重，结聚在胃中，所以采用攻下的方法就能痊愈。又说：如果伤寒过早使用攻下法，导致正气受损，出现虚寒夹杂热邪的腹泻。这是因为表里之邪均未解除，所以使用桂枝人参汤来解表散寒、调和里气。如果是伤寒发热，出汗后心下部痞塞胀硬，呕吐并伴有腹泻，这属于实证，所以使用大柴胡汤来攻下里实。）或者出现忽冷忽热的往来寒热症状，心烦口渴，胡言乱语，腹部胀满，表证未除，里证急迫，脉象洪大。（这是邪气在阳明经的表现。）或者脉象沉实、弦数。（脉沉实表示邪气在里，脉弦数表示属于少阳经。）
药材组成：柴胡（八两）、半夏（半升）、黄芩、芍药（三两）、生姜（五两）、大枣（十二枚，剖开）、枳实（四枚）。
因为表证未除，所以使用柴胡来解除表邪。因为里证急迫，所以使用大黄和枳实来攻逐里实。芍药能够安抚脾气、收敛阴液，（并能泻除肝火……此处原文有缺漏或错简，暂按字面意译：此方去掉了某些药物，换成了前胡，命名为大前胡汤。（崔氏取其清降作用来治疗风痰。）
（张仲景）用于治疗伤寒十三天病情未解，胸胁部胀满且呕吐，每天下午定时发热（日晡潮热）。随后出现轻微腹泻。这原本是属于柴胡汤证的，但之前误用了丸药攻下，这不是正确的治疗方法。出现潮热症状说明体内有实邪。应当先服用小柴胡汤来解除在外的邪气，然后再服用加芒硝汤来主治。（伤寒十三天，是邪气经过两轮传经后的时间，正是应当解除病邪的时候。胁部胀满且呕吐，属于少阳病；胸部胀满且下午定时发热，属于阳明病，这是邪气处于半表半里之间。）
(When the pathogen is in the exterior, it is appropriate to use sweating and dispersing methods. When the pathogen is in the interior, it is appropriate to use purging and clearing methods. As for cases where the exterior syndrome has not yet resolved while the interior syndrome is urgent, Zhang Zhongjing established the Dahuang Tang (Rhubarb Decoction) formula.)
(Zhang Zhongjing) treats Taiyang cold damage fever, where sweating does not resolve the heat, indicating yang pathogens entering the interior and heat binding within. (The "interior" here does not refer to the interior of the Three Yin meridians, but rather the Stomach Fu organ; this constitutes Shaoyang-Yangming combined disease. The Three Yin meridians can also transform into Yangming diseases, such as Taichin having Guizhi Jiadahuang Tang (Cinnamon Twig plus Rhubarb Decoction), Shaoyin having the three Chengqi Decoctions, and Jueyin having Chengqi Decoctions, all involving Yangming syndromes.) Symptoms include epigastric fullness and hardness, vomiting accompanied by diarrhea. (Zhang Jianshan states: If the interior is deficient, even if there is difficulty with bowel movements, do not purge. If the interior is not deficient, despite vomiting and diarrhea, purging may be used. Restlessness, aversion to phlegm/vomiting, indicates severe interior heat binding in the stomach, so purging leads to recovery. He further states: Premature purging in cold damage causes deficiency, leading to diarrhea with mixed cold and heat due to unresolved exterior and interior. Therefore, Guizhi Renshen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Ginseng Decoction) is used to release the exterior and harmonize the interior. However, if cold damage presents with fever, sweating, epigastric fullness and hardness, vomiting, and diarrhea, this is an excess pattern, so Dahuang Tang (Rhubarb Decoction) is used to purge.) Alternatively, there may be alternating chills and fever, restlessness, thirst, delirium, abdominal fullness, with unresolved exterior syndrome and urgent interior syndrome, presenting with a surging pulse. (This indicates pathogen in Yangming.) Or a deep, solid, wiry, and rapid pulse. (Deep and solid indicates pathogen in the interior; wiry and rapid indicates Shaoyang.)
Ingredients: Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 8 liang), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum, half sheng), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 3 liang), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 5 liang), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, 12 pieces, split), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 4 pieces).
Since the exterior syndrome remains, Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) is used to release the exterior. Since the interior syndrome is urgent, Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) and Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) are used to purge the interior. Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) soothes the Spleen and astringes Yin, (and can drain Liver fire... [text fragment]). Previously, Qianhu (Peucedani Radix) replaced Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), naming it Daqianhu Tang (Peucedani Decoction). (Cui Shi used it for its descending action to treat wind-phlegm.)
(Zhang Zhongjing) treats cold damage that has persisted for thirteen days without resolution, presenting with chest and hypochondriac fullness and vomiting, afternoon tidal fever. Subsequently, mild diarrhea occurs. This originally belonged to the Chaihu syndrome category, but was incorrectly treated with pill-based purgatives, which is not the correct method. Tidal fever indicates interior excess. First, Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) should be administered to resolve the exterior, followed by Jiamanxiao Tang (Mansio Salt Added Decoction) as the main treatment. (Thirteen days represent the completion of two transmission cycles, the time when resolution is due. Hypochondriac fullness and vomiting indicate Shaoyang; chest fullness and afternoon tidal fever indicate Yangming; the pathogen is between the interior and exterior.)