味辛、苦，平，无毒。主百病，中恶，客忤邪气，心腹积聚。出西戎。
云用诸胆作之，状似久坏丸药，赤黑色。胡人时将至此，亦甚珍贵，试用有效。（新附）
味甘、酸，寒，无毒。主热毒，止渴，解散发利，除胸中虚热，身面上热疮、肌疮。
案牛、羊、马、水牛乳，并可作酪，水牛乳作者浓浓，味胜 牛。马乳作酪性冷，驴乳
尤冷，不堪作酪。（新附）
味苦、咸、酸，寒、微寒，无毒。主百毒蛊疰，邪鬼，瘴气，杀钩吻、鸩羽、蛇毒，除
邪，不迷惑魇寐，疗伤寒，
温疫，头痛，寒热，诸毒瓦斯。久服轻身骏健。生永昌山谷及益州。
松脂为之使，恶 菌、雷丸。今出武陵、交州、宁州诸远山。犀有二角，以额上者为胜，
又有通天犀，角上有一白
缕，直上至端，此至神验。或云是水犀，角出水中。《汉书》所云∶
骇鸡犀者，以置米边，鸡皆惊骇不敢喙。又置屋中，乌鸟不敢集屋上。昔者有人以犀为纛，
死于野中，有行人见有鸢飞翔其上，不敢下往者，疑犀为异，抽取便群鸟竞集。又云通天犀
，夜露不濡，以此知之。凡犀见成物皆被蒸煮，不堪入药，惟生者为佳。虽曰屑片，亦是以
煮炙，况用屑乎！又有光犀，其角甚长，文理亦似犀，不堪药用耳。
〔谨案〕犀有两角，鼻
上者为良，通天犀者，即水犀，云夜露不濡，尤是前说。有人以犀为纛，死于野中，飞鸟翔
而不集，谬矣。此心为剑簪耳，此人冠纛，则是贵人，当有左右，何得野死？从令喻说，足
为难信。光是雌犀，文理细腻，斑白分明，俗谓斑犀，服用为上，然充药不如雄犀也。
【底野迦】
味辛、苦，性平，无毒。主治各种疾病，以及中恶邪气、客忤邪气（外来的不正之气），还有心腹部的积聚症。产自西戎地区。
据说用各种动物的胆汁制作而成，形状像已经久置坏掉的丸药，颜色呈赤黑色。胡人时常将其带到中原，也非常珍贵，试用后证明有效。（新附）
【酪】
味甘、酸，性寒，无毒。主治热毒，能止渴，发散邪气并通利小便，清除胸中的虚热，治疗身体和面部的热疮、肌肤疮疡。
据考证，牛、羊、马、水牛的乳汁都可以用来制作酪，其中用水牛乳制作的酪最为浓稠，味道优于牛奶制成的酪。用马乳制作的酪性质寒冷，驴乳制作的酪尤其寒冷，不适合用来制作酪。（新附）
【犀角】
味苦、咸、酸，性寒或微寒，无毒。主治各种毒物蛊惑及疰病（一种具有传染性的慢性消耗性疾病），驱除邪鬼瘴气，能杀灭钩吻、鸩鸟羽毛、蛇毒等毒性，祛除邪气，使人不致在睡眠中被迷惑惊魇，治疗伤寒、温疫、头痛、寒热往来以及各种毒瓦斯之疾。长期服用可使身体轻盈健壮。产于永昌山谷及益州地区。
松脂是它的引经药（使药），畏忌菌类、雷丸。现在出产于武陵、交州、宁州等地的深山之中。犀牛有两只角，以额头上的那只角为优。还有一种叫“通天犀”，角上有一条白色的纹理，笔直向上延伸至尖端，这种犀角极其神验。有人说这是水犀，角生长在水中。《汉书》中提到的“骇鸡犀”，是将它放在米旁边，鸡都会惊恐害怕而不敢啄食；又放在屋檐下，乌鸦等鸟类不敢栖息在屋顶上。过去有人将犀角做成旗帜的装饰（纛），死在野外，有路人看见老鹰在它上方飞翔，却不敢飞下来靠近，人们怀疑犀角有奇异之处，便抽取了犀角，结果群鸟立刻竞相聚集过来。又说通天犀在夜晚露水打湿时也不会沾湿，以此可以辨认。凡是市面上见到的成品犀角都经过蒸煮处理，不堪入药，只有生犀才是佳品。即使是碎屑片，也是由煮炙过的原料制成，何况直接使用碎屑呢！还有一种光犀，其角非常长，纹理也类似犀角，但不堪药用。
【谨案】犀有两只角，位于鼻子上方的角为良角。所谓通天犀就是水犀，说它在夜晚露水中不沾湿，这更是前面的说法有误。有人说有人将犀角做成旗帜装饰而死在野外，飞鸟盘旋却不落下，这是荒谬的。这是因为那人心中怀着如剑簪般的锐气（或指犀角本身的气场），此人戴着高贵的冠饰和旗帜，应当有左右随从保护，怎么会独自死在野外？依照令喻的说法，实在难以令人信服。光犀是指雌犀，纹理细腻，斑白分明，俗称为斑犀，服用效果为上品，但在入药方面不如雄犀。
[Diyega (Maydis)]
Pungent and bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It treats various diseases, including sudden evil qi invasion (Zhong'e), alien hostile qi (Kewu), and accumulations and masses in the heart and abdomen. It originates from the Western Regions (Xirong).
It is said to be made using various animal gallbladders, resembling old, spoiled pills, with a reddish-black color. Hu people often bring it here; it is also very precious, and trials have proven its efficacy. (Newly added)
[Laos / Fermented Milk]
Sweet and sour in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It treats heat toxins, relieves thirst, releases the exterior and promotes urination, clears deficiency heat in the chest, and treats heat sores on the body and face, as well as skin ulcers.
According to records, milk from cattle, sheep, horses, and water buffalo can all be used to make fermented milk (Lao). The fermented milk made from water buffalo milk is particularly thick and tastes superior to that made from cow's milk. Fermented milk made from horse milk has a cold nature, and that made from donkey milk is even colder, making them unsuitable for making fermented milk. (Newly added)
[Rhino Horn]
Bitter, salty, and sour in flavor, cold or slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It treats various poisons,蛊疰 (Zhu disease - a contagious chronic wasting disease), evil spirits, and miasma. It kills the toxicity of Gouwen (Gelsemium elegans), Zhen feathers (poisonous bird feathers), and snake venom. It dispels evil influences, prevents confusion and nightmares during sleep, treats Shanghan (Cold Damage), Wenyi (Warm Epidemics), headache, alternating chills and fever, and various toxic vapors. Long-term use makes the body light and vigorous. It grows in the valleys of Yongchang and Yizhou.
Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Songzhi) serves as its guiding herb (Shi). It is incompatible with Fungi (Jun) and Polyporus Umbellatus (Leiwuan). Currently, it is produced in the deep mountains of Wuling, Jiaozhou, and Ningzhou. Rhinos have two horns; the one on the forehead is superior. There is also a type called "Tongtian Xi" (Heaven-Piercing Rhino), which has a white streak running straight up to the tip; this is extremely effective. Some say it is the Water Rhino, whose horn grows in water. The "Haiji Xi" (Chicken-Startling Rhino) mentioned in the *Book of Han*: when placed near rice, chickens are startled and dare not peck at it; when placed under eaves, crows dare not perch on the roof. In the past, someone used a rhino horn as a banner ornament (Dao) and died in the wild. A traveler saw eagles flying above but not landing, suspecting the horn's strangeness, and upon removing it, birds immediately gathered. It is also said that Tongtian Xi does not get wet by night dew, which helps identify it. All commercially available rhino horns have been boiled or roasted and are unsuitable for medicinal use; only raw horns are excellent. Even if sold as shavings, they come from boiled/roasted material, let alone direct use of shavings! There is also Guang Xi (Smooth Rhino), with very long horns and texture similar to rhino horn, but unsuitable for medicine.
[Commentary] Rhinos have two horns; the one on the nose is good. The so-called Tongtian Xi is the Water Rhino. The claim that it does not get wet by night dew is erroneous based on previous statements. The story about someone dying in the wild with a rhino horn banner while birds hovered but did not land is absurd. This was merely due to the person's spirit being like a sword pin; such a noble person wearing a crown and banner would have attendants and would not die alone in the wild. Relying on Ling Yu's explanation, it is hard to believe. Guang Xi refers to the female rhino, with fine texture and distinct white spots, commonly known as Ban Xi (Spotted Rhino). Its consumption is superior, but for medicinal purposes, it is inferior to the male rhino horn.