味苦，平，有小毒。主惊痫寒热，热盛狂 ，除邪逐鬼，疗小儿百病，诸痫，热口不开，
大人狂癫，又堕胎。久服
轻身，增季，令人不忘。生晋地平泽，生于牛，得之即阴干百日，使时燥，无令见日月光。
人参为之使，得牡丹、菖蒲利耳目，恶龙骨、地黄、龙胆、蜚蠊，畏牛膝。旧云神牛出
入鸣吼者有之，伺其出角上，
以盆水承而吐之，即堕落水中。今人多皆就胆中得之耳。多出梁、益，一子如鸡子黄大相重
叠，药中之贵，莫复过此。
一子起二三分，好者直五六千至一万也。俗人多假作，甚相似，唯以磨爪甲舐拭不脱者，是
真之。
〔谨案〕牛黄，今出莱
州、密州、淄州、青州、 州、戎州。牛有黄者，必多吼唤喝，拍而得之，谓之生黄，最佳。
黄有
慢黄若鸡卵中黄糊，在肝胆间；圆黄为块形，有大小，并在肝胆中，
多生于 特牛，其吴牛未闻有黄也。
味辛，温，无毒。主辟恶气，杀鬼精物，温疟，蛊毒，痫 ，去三虫，疗诸凶邪鬼气，
中恶，心腹暴痛胀急，痞满，
风毒，妇人产难，堕胎，去面 ，目中肤翳。久服除邪，不梦寤厌寐，通神仙。生中台川谷
及益州、雍州山中。春分取
之，生者益良。
射形似獐，恒食柏叶，又啖蛇，五月得香往往有蛇皮骨，故麝香疗蛇毒。今以蛇蜕皮裹
麝香弥香，则是相使也。其
香正在射阴茎前皮内，别有膜裹之。今出随郡义阳晋熙诸蛮中者亚之。今出其形貌直如粟
KT人。又云是卵，不然也。
香多被破杂蛮，犹差于益州。益州香形扁
取其血膜，亦杂以余物。大
都亦有精粗，破
当门沸起良久亦好。今唯得
活者，自看取之，必当全真耳。生香人云是其精溺凝作之，殊不尔。射夏月食蛇虫多，至寒
香满，入春患急痛，自以脚
剔出，着屎溺中覆之，皆有常处。人有遇得，乃至一斗五升也。用此香乃胜杀取者。带麝非
但香，亦辟恶。以真者一子，
置头间枕之，辟恶梦及尸疰鬼气。
味苦，性平，有小毒。主治惊痫寒热证，热盛导致的狂乱症状，驱除邪气鬼魅，治疗小儿各种疾病及各类癫痫、热症导致口不能张开，以及成人狂癫病，此外还有堕胎作用。长期服用可轻身延年，增加力气（注：原文“增季”疑为“增气”或“益力”之误，此处依文意译为增加力气/精力），使人记忆力增强不遗忘。产于晋地平泽地区，生于牛体内，取得后需在阴凉处阴干百日，使用时需干燥，不要让见到日月光线。人参作为其引经药（使药），与牡丹、石菖蒲同用能利耳目，厌恶龙骨、地黄、龙胆草、蜚蠊（蟑螂），畏惧牛膝。旧说有神牛出入时鸣吼，观察它角上，用盆水承接它吐出的东西，就会堕落水中。现在的人大多直接从牛胆囊中获取。多产于梁州、益州，一块像鸡蛋黄大小相重叠，是药材中的珍品，没有比这更珍贵的了。一块起价二三钱，好的要五六千至一万钱。俗人多伪造，非常相似，只有用指甲磨刮、舌头舔拭不掉色的，才是真的。
【谨案】牛黄，现在产于莱州、密州、淄州、青州、某州、戎州。牛有黄的，必定多吼叫呼喊，拍打身体而得到，称为生黄，效果最佳。黄有慢黄如鸡卵中蛋黄糊状，在肝胆之间；圆黄呈块形，有大有小，都在肝胆中，多生于阉割过的公牛，那吴地黄牛没听说有黄的。
味辛，性温，无毒。主治辟除恶气，杀死鬼精物，治疗温疟，蛊毒，癫痫，去除三虫，治疗各种凶邪鬼气，中恶，心腹突然疼痛胀急，痞满，风毒，妇女难产，堕胎，去除面部黑斑，眼中肤翳。长期服用可除邪气，不做噩梦惊醒睡眠，通晓神仙之道。产于中台川谷以及益州、雍州山中。春分时节采集，新鲜的更好。
麝的形状像獐子，常吃柏叶，又吃蛇，五月得到的香往往带有蛇皮骨，所以麝香能治疗蛇毒。现在用蛇蜕皮包裹麝香香气更浓，这就是相使关系。它的香气正在麝阴茎前的皮内，另有膜包裹着。现在出产于随郡、义阳、晋熙等地蛮族地区的次一等。现在出产的麝形状直接像粟米颗粒的人（注：此处原文可能有误，通常形容麝香颗粒状，译文保留原意但稍作通顺处理）。又说它是卵，不是这样。香气多被破杂的蛮人掺杂，还是比益州的差一些。益州的香形状扁平，取其血膜，也混杂其他东西。大体也有精粗之分，打破后门开处沸腾升起很久也好。现在只能得到活的，自己观看取用，必定全真。生产香的人说是它的精液尿液凝结而成的，完全不是那样。麝夏天吃蛇虫多，到了寒冷时香气充满，进入春天患急痛，自己用脚剔出，放在屎尿中覆盖它，都有固定的地方。人偶然遇到，甚至有一斗五升之多。使用这种香胜过杀取者。佩戴麝不仅因为香，也能辟除恶气。用真正的一粒，放在头间枕着它，辟除恶梦及尸疰鬼气。
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, slightly toxic. Primarily treats convulsions, epilepsy, and alternating cold and heat syndromes; mania caused by excessive heat; expels evil spirits and malevolent influences; cures various pediatric diseases, all types of epilepsy, and inability to open the mouth due to heat; also treats adult manic epilepsy and can induce abortion. Long-term use lightens the body, increases vitality/strength, and enhances memory, preventing forgetfulness. It is produced in the flatlands of Jinzhou, originating from within the cow. After obtaining it, it should be dried in the shade for one hundred days; when used, it must be dry, avoiding exposure to sunlight or moonlight. *Ren Shen* (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) acts as its guiding herb (Shi). When combined with *Mu Dan Pi* (Moutan Cortex) and *Chang Pu* (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), it benefits the ears and eyes. It is incompatible with *Gu Long* (Os Draconis), *Di Huang* (Rehmanniae Radix), *Long Dan Cao* (Gentianae Radix), and *Fei Lian* (Blatta Orientalis), and fears *Niu Xi* (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix). Ancient texts mention that divine cows roaring and bellowing during their movement could have substances expelled onto water held in a basin beneath their horns, which would then fall into the water. Nowadays, people mostly obtain it directly from the gallbladder. It is mainly produced in Liangzhou and Yizhou. A single piece is as large as overlapping chicken egg yolks; among medicinal materials, none is more precious than this. The price starts at two or three qian for a small piece, while high-quality pieces cost five to ten thousand qian. Common people often forge it, making it very similar; only those that do not dissolve when scraped with fingernails or licked with the tongue are genuine.
[Editor's Note] Niu Huang (Calculus Bovis) is currently produced in Laizhou, Mizhou, Zizhou, Qingzhou, [Missing Character] Zhou, and Rongzhou. Cows possessing Calculus Bovis tend to roar and bellow frequently; it is obtained by patting the animal, referred to as "Sheng Huang" (Raw Calculus Bovis), which is of the best quality. There is "Man Huang" (Slow Calculus Bovis), which resembles the paste-like yolk of a chicken egg, located between the liver and gallbladder; and "Yuan Huang" (Round Calculus Bovis), which forms lumps of varying sizes, also located within the liver and gallbladder. It is mostly produced in castrated bulls; there are no reports of Wu cattle (cattle from the Wu region) having Calculus Bovis.
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily repels malignant qi, kills spirit entities, treats warm malaria, gu poisoning, epilepsy, removes three types of parasites, cures various ominous evil spirits and qi, sudden abdominal pain and distension due to evil invasion, stagnation and fullness, wind toxicity, difficult labor in women, induces abortion, removes facial macules, and corneal opacities in the eyes. Long-term use eliminates evil influences, prevents nightmares and restless sleep, and facilitates communion with immortals. It is produced in the valleys of Zhongtai and in the mountains of Yizhou and Yongzhou. It should be harvested around the Spring Equinox; fresh material is superior.
The musk deer resembles a roe deer, constantly feeds on cypress leaves, and also eats snakes. Musk obtained in May often contains snake skin and bones; thus, She Xiang (Moschus) treats snake venom. Currently, wrapping Moschus in shed snake skin enhances its fragrance, demonstrating a synergistic relationship (Xiang Shi). The fragrance resides in the skin anterior to the penis of the male deer, wrapped in a separate membrane. Muschus produced in the regions of Suichun, Yiyang, and Jinyi among the Man tribes is of inferior grade. The shape of the current production resembles millet grains. Some claim it is an egg, which is incorrect. The fragrance is often adulterated by local people, though still better than some sources from Yizhou. Yizhou muschus tends to be flat; its blood membranes are also mixed with other substances. Generally, there are fine and coarse qualities. When broken, if the center ("Dang Men") bubbles up and remains so for a long time, it is good. Nowadays, only live collection is permitted; observing it oneself ensures authenticity. Producers claim it is formed from condensed essence and urine, which is entirely false. In summer, the deer eats many snakes and insects; by winter, the fragrance is fully developed. In spring, suffering from acute pain, the deer uses its hooves to dislodge it, placing it in feces or urine, always in specific locations. Humans occasionally find it, sometimes accumulating up to one dou and five sheng. Using this method is superior to killing the deer. Carrying Moschus not only provides fragrance but also repels malignancy. Placing one genuine particle under the pillow wards off nightmares and corpse-transmission ghostly qi.