味甘，平，无毒。主五脏六腑寒热邪气，坚筋骨，长肌肉，倍力，金疮肿，解毒，温中
下气，烦满短气，伤脏咳嗽，
止渴，通经脉，利血气，解百药毒，为九土之精，安和七十二种石，一千二百种草。久服轻
身延年。一名密甘、一名美
草、一名蜜草、一名 草。生河西川谷积沙山及上郡。二月、八月除日采根，曝干，十日成。
术、干漆、苦参为之使，恶远志，反大戟、芫花、甘遂、海藻四物。河西、上郡不复通
市。今出蜀汉中，悉从汶山
诸夷中来。赤皮、断理，看之坚实者，是抱罕草，最佳。抱罕，羌地名。亦有火炙干者，理
多虚疏。又有如鲤鱼肠者，
被刀破，不复好。青州间亦有，不如。又
经方少不用者，犹如香中
有沉香也。国老即帝师之称，虽非君，为君所宗，是以能安和草石而解诸毒也。
味甘，微寒、微温，无毒。主补五脏，安精神，定魂魄，止惊悸，除邪气，明目，开心，
益
鼓痛，胸胁逆满，霍乱吐逆，调中，止消渴，通血脉，破坚积，令
人不忘。久服轻身延年。一名人衔，一名鬼盖，一名神草，一名人微，一名土精，一名血参
。如人形者有神。生上党山谷及辽东。二月、四月、八月上旬采根，竹刀刮，曝干，无令见
风。
茯苓为之使，恶溲疏，反藜芦。上党郡在冀州西南。今魏国所献即是，形长而黄，状如
防风，多润实而甘。俗用不
入服乃重百济者，形细而坚白，气味薄
及百济。百济今臣属高丽，
高丽所献
易蛀 。唯内器中密封头，
可经年不坏。人参生一茎直上，四、五叶相对生，花紫色。高丽人作人参
背阳向阴。欲来求我，椴树
相寻。椴树叶似桐甚大，阴广，则多生阴地，采作甚有法。今近山亦有，但作之不好。
〔谨
案〕陶说人参，苗乃是荠 、
桔梗，不悟高
山连亘相接，故皆有之也。
味甘，性平，无毒。主治五脏六腑的寒热邪气，坚固筋骨，生长肌肉，增加力气，治疗金创肿痛，解毒，温中下气，消除烦闷、胸满、短气，治愈因损伤脏腑引起的咳嗽，止渴，疏通经脉，调和血气，解除各种药物的毒性。它是九土的精华，能安定调和七十二种矿物药和一千二百种草类药。长期服用可身体轻盈，延年益寿。又名密甘、美草、蜜草、国老。生长在河西川谷积沙山及上郡。二月和八月的特定日子采集根部，晒干，十日制成。白术、干漆、苦参作为其引经药；忌与远志同用；与大戟、芫花、甘遂、海藻四种药物相反。河西、上郡已不再通行市售。现在出产于蜀地汉中，都从汶山的各少数民族地区运来。表皮呈红色、纹理断裂、看起来坚实的是抱罕草，品质最佳。“抱罕”是羌族地名。也有用火烤干的，质地多疏松。又有像鲤鱼肠子形状的，被刀切开，就不再好了。青州间也有，但品质不如。凡是经方中很少不用的，就像香料中有沉香一样重要。“国老”即帝师的称呼，虽然不是君主，却是君主所尊崇的，因此能安定调和草石药物并解除各种毒素。
味甘，微寒、微温，无毒。主治补益五脏，安定精神，镇定魂魄，制止惊悸，祛除邪气，明目，开心益智，缓解腹痛（注：原文“鼓痛”疑为“腹中痛”或类似症状，此处依字面译为鼓胀疼痛或腹部疼痛，结合语境多为腹部不适），胸胁逆满，霍乱吐逆，调理中焦，止消渴，疏通血脉，破除坚积，使人不忘事。长期服用可身体轻盈，延年益寿。又名人衔、鬼盖、神草、人微、土精、血参。形状像人的就有灵性。生长在上党山谷及辽东。二月、四月、八月上旬采集根部，用竹刀刮去外皮，晒干，不要让风吹到。茯苓作为其引经药；忌与溲疏同用；与藜芦相反。上党郡在冀州西南。现在魏国所进献的就是这种，形状长而黄，样子像防风，多润泽坚实且味甘。世俗使用的不如服食重百济的人参，百济人参形状细而坚白，气味淡薄。百济如今臣属于高丽，高丽所进献的容易生虫蛀。只有在内器中密封头部，可以经过一年不坏。人参生有一茎直上，四、五片叶子相对生长，花紫色。高丽人制作人参时背阳向阴。想要寻找我的人，顺着椴树去找。椴树叶像桐树很大，树荫广，则多生长在阴凉地，采制很有法度。现在近山也有，但制作得不好。〔谨案〕陶弘景说人参，苗其实是荠苨和桔梗，没有悟到高山连绵相接，所以都有这些植物。
Taste is sweet, nature is neutral, non-toxic. It mainly treats cold and heat pathogenic factors of the five zang organs and six fu organs, strengthens sinews and bones, promotes muscle growth, increases strength, treats traumatic injuries with swelling, detoxifies, warms the middle jiao, directs rebellious qi downward, relieves irritability, fullness in the chest, and shortness of breath, treats cough caused by injury to the zang organs, stops thirst, unblocks meridians, benefits blood and qi, and resolves the toxicity of all medicines. It is the essence of the nine soils, capable of harmonizing seventy-two types of minerals and one thousand two hundred types of herbs. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life. Also known as Mi Gan (Sweet Honey), Mei Cao (Beautiful Grass), Mi Cao (Honey Grass), and Guo Lao (State Elder). Grows in Ji Sha Mountain of Hexi River Valley and Shang Commandery. Roots are harvested on specific days in February and August, sun-dried, and ready in ten days. Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Gan Xi (Dried Lacquer), and Ku Shen (Sophora Root) act as its guides; it is incompatible with Yuan Zhi (Polygala Root); it is chemically opposed to Da Ji (Euphorbia Pekinensis Root), Yuan Hua (Genkwa Flower), Gan Sui (Kansui Root), and Hai Zao (Sargassum Thallus). Trade from Hexi and Shang Commandery has ceased. Currently produced in Shu and Hanzhong, all coming from various Yi tribes in the Wenshan region. Those with red skin, broken texture, and looking solid are called Bao Han Cao, which is of the best quality. "Bao Han" is a place name of the Qiang people. There are also those dried by fire roasting, but their texture is often loose. There are also those resembling carp intestines, cut open by knives, which are no longer good. Qingzhou also produces some, but inferior. Few classical prescriptions do not use it, just as Agarwood is essential among incenses. "Guo Lao" (State Elder) is a title for the Emperor's teacher; although not the ruler, he is revered by the ruler, thus able to harmonize herbs and minerals and resolve various toxins.
Taste is sweet, slightly cold, slightly warm, non-toxic. It mainly tonifies the five zang organs, calms the spirit, stabilizes the hun and po, stops palpitations and fright, eliminates pathogenic factors, brightens the eyes, opens the heart orifice, relieves abdominal pain, chest and hypochondriac fullness with counterflow, cholera with vomiting and regurgitation, regulates the middle jiao, stops thirst, unblocks blood vessels, breaks down hard accumulations, and prevents forgetfulness. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life. Also known as Ren Xian (Human Bite), Gui Gai (Ghost Cover), Shen Cao (Divine Herb), Ren Wei (Human Microbe), Tu Jing (Earth Essence), and Xue Shen (Blood Ginseng). Those shaped like humans possess spiritual efficacy. Grows in valleys of Shangdang and Liaodong. Roots are harvested in early February, April, and August, scraped with bamboo knives, sun-dried, avoiding exposure to wind. Fu Ling (Poria) acts as its guide; it is incompatible with Sou Shu (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome); it is chemically opposed to Li Lu (Veratrum Root). Shangdang Commandery is southwest of Jizhou. The current tribute from the Wei state is of this type: long and yellow, resembling Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), moist, solid, and sweet. Commonly used varieties are inferior to Baekje Ginseng; Baekje Ginseng is thin, hard, white, with weak flavor and aroma. Baekje is now a vassal of Goryeo; Goryeo tributes are prone to insect damage. Only when sealed tightly in internal containers can they remain unspoiled for years. Ginseng grows with a single straight stem, four or five leaves growing opposite each other, purple flowers. Goryeo people process Ginseng facing away from the sun towards the shade. To find me, follow the Linden trees. Linden leaves are large like Paulownia, providing wide shade, thus growing mostly in shady places; harvesting and processing follow strict methods. Near mountains also produce it, but the processing is poor. [Note] Tao Hongjing stated that the seedling of Ginseng is actually Jie Ni (Adenophora Root) and Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), failing to realize that high mountains are continuous, hence these plants exist there too.