味辛，温、生温、熟寒，有毒。主风邪气，温中，除寒痹，坚齿长发，明目。疗喉痹，
吐逆，疝瘕，去老血，产后
余
疾，腹痛，出汗；利五脏。久服轻身，好色，能老，增年，通神。生
琅。八月、九月采实。
恶栝蒌、防葵，畏雌黄。今从西来，形似椒而大，色黄黑，味亦颇有椒气，或呼为大椒。
又
子是楮椒，恐谬。
〔谨案〕秦椒树，叶及茎、子，都似蜀椒，但味短，实细。蓝田南、秦岭
间大有也。
味苦，寒，无毒。主女子崩中，下血，腹满，汗出，除邪，杀鬼毒蛊疰，中恶，腹痛，
去白虫，消皮肤风毒肿，令
阴中解。一名鬼箭。生霍山山谷。八月采，阴干。
山野处处有。其茎有三羽，状如箭羽，俗皆呼为鬼箭。而为用甚希，用之削取皮及羽也。
味酸，微寒，无毒。主妇人产乳余疾，崩中，症瘕，血闭，寒热，羸瘦，养胎。茎叶，
味苦，无毒。主痿蹶，益气。
一名陵苕，一名 华。生西海川谷及山阳。
李云是瞿麦根，今方用至少。《博物志》云∶郝晦行华草于太行山北得紫葳华。必当奇
异。今瞿麦华乃可爱，而处处
有，不应乃在太行山。且有树其茎叶，恐亦非瞿麦根。《诗》云有苕之华；郭云陵霄藤，亦
恐非也。
〔谨案〕此即陵霄也，
花及茎叶俱用。案《尔雅·释草》云∶苕，一名陵苕，黄华KT ，白华尖。郭云∶一名陵
时，又名陵霄。本草云∶一名
陵苕，一
瞿麦皆《本经》所载，若用
瞿麦根为紫葳，紫葳何得复用茎叶。体性既与瞿麦乖异，生处亦不相关。
郭云陵霄，此为真说也。
【秦椒】
味辛，性温（生用性温，熟用性寒），有毒。主治风邪之气，温暖中焦，祛除寒痹，坚固牙齿，促进头发生长，明亮视力。治疗喉痹，呕吐逆气，疝气及腹部积块，去除陈旧瘀血，产后余疾，腹痛，发汗；通利五脏。长期服用可使身体轻盈，面色红润，延缓衰老，增加寿命，通达神明。产于琅玡郡。八月、九月采集果实。
畏忌栝蒌、防葵，畏惧雌黄。现在从西方传入的秦椒，形状像花椒但较大，颜色黄黑，气味也很有花椒味，有人称之为大椒。又有一种子叫楮椒，恐怕是错误的说法。
〔谨案〕秦椒树，其叶子、茎和种子，都类似蜀椒，只是味道较淡，果实较小。在蓝田南部、秦岭之间大量生长。
【卫矛】
味苦，性寒，无毒。主治女子崩漏下血，腹部胀满，出汗，祛除邪气，杀灭鬼毒蛊疰，中恶，腹痛，去除白色寄生虫，消除皮肤风毒肿痛，使阴部舒缓。又名鬼箭。产于霍山山谷。八月采集，阴干。
山野各处都有。其茎分三叉，形状像箭羽，俗人都称为鬼箭。但使用很少，使用时需削取皮及带羽的部分。
【紫葳】
味酸，微寒，无毒。主治妇女产后余疾，崩漏，症瘕，经血闭阻，寒热往来，形体消瘦，滋养胎元。茎叶，味苦，无毒。主治痿证厥逆，益气。
又名陵苕，一名葽华。产于西海川谷及山南。
李云认为这是瞿麦的根，如今方书中很少使用。《博物志》说：郝晦在太行山北得到紫葳花，必定奇异。如今瞿麦花确实可爱，但处处都有，不应只在太行山。况且它有树干和茎叶，恐怕不是瞿麦的根。《诗经》说：“有苕之华”；郭璞注说是凌霄藤，也恐怕不对。
〔谨案〕这就是凌霄，花及茎叶均可使用。查考《尔雅·释草》说：苕，又名陵苕，黄花者花瓣舒展，白花者花瓣尖锐。郭璞说：又名陵时，又名凌霄。本草记载：又名陵苕，一名葽华。瞿麦与紫葳都是《神农本草经》所载，如果用瞿麦根作为紫葳，紫葳为何还要再用茎叶？体性既然与瞿麦不同，生长环境也不相关。郭璞说它是凌霄，这才是正确的说法。
[Qin Jiao (Zanthoxylum ailanthoides / Zanthoxylum bungeanum context)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature; raw is warm, cooked is cold, toxic. It primarily treats wind-pathogenic qi, warms the middle jiao, dispels cold-bi syndrome, strengthens teeth and promotes hair growth, and brightens the eyes. It treats throat obstruction (hou bi), vomiting and reflux, hernia and abdominal masses, removes old blood, treats residual postpartum conditions, abdominal pain, induces sweating, and benefits the five zang organs. Long-term use makes the body light, improves complexion, delays aging, increases lifespan, and enhances spiritual clarity. It grows in Langya Commandery. The fruits are harvested in the eighth and ninth months.
It is incompatible with Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou) and Adenophorae Radix (Fang Kui), and fears Orpiment (Cihuang). The Qin Jiao currently imported from the west resembles pepper but is larger, yellowish-black in color, and has a strong peppery aroma; it is sometimes called Da Jiao (Large Pepper). There is also a seed called Chu Jiao, which is likely an error.
[Note] The Qin Jiao tree, including its leaves, stems, and seeds, resembles Shu Jiao (Sichuan pepper), but the flavor is milder and the fruits are smaller. It grows abundantly south of Lantian and between the Qinling Mountains.
[Wei Mao (Euonymus alatus)]
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats metrorrhagia and bleeding in women, abdominal fullness, sweating, dispels evil pathogens, kills ghost toxins, gu poisoning, and zombie diseases, treats sudden severe illness (zhong e), abdominal pain, expels white parasites, reduces skin wind-toxin swelling, and relieves tension in the genital region. Also known as Gui Jian (Ghost Arrow). It grows in the valleys of Huo Mountain. It is harvested in the eighth month and dried in the shade.
It is found everywhere in mountains and fields. Its stems have three wings, resembling arrow feathers, hence commonly called "Ghost Arrow" by the people. However, it is rarely used; when used, only the bark and winged parts are stripped off.
[Zi Wei (Campsis grandiflora / Bignonia venusta)]
Sour in flavor, slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats residual postpartum disorders in women, metrorrhagia, abdominal masses (zheng jia), amenorrhea, alternating chills and fever, emaciation, and nourishes the fetus. The stems and leaves are bitter in flavor and non-toxic. They treat flaccidity and paralysis (wei jue) and benefit qi.
Also known as Ling Tiao, or Yi Yao Hua. It grows in the rivers and valleys of Xihai and on the sunny slopes of mountains.
Li Yun claims this is the root of Dianthus superbus (Qumai), but it is rarely used in current prescriptions. *Bowuzhi* states: Hao Hui obtained Zi Wei flowers north of the Taihang Mountains, implying they must be rare. Currently, Qumai flowers are indeed lovely but are ubiquitous, so they should not be restricted to the Taihang Mountains. Moreover, since it has a trunk and stems/leaves, it is unlikely to be the root of Qumai. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "The flowers of the liana"; Guo Pu's commentary identifies it as Campsis radicans (Lingxiao Teng), which is also likely incorrect.
[Note] This is indeed Ling Xiao (Campsis). Both the flowers and the stems/leaves are used. According to *Erya · Shi Cao*: "Tiao, also known as Ling Tiao; those with yellow flowers have spreading petals, those with white flowers have pointed petals." Guo Pu stated: "Also known as Ling Shi, or Ling Xiao." The Materia Medica records: "Also known as Ling Tiao, or Yi Yao Hua." Both Qumai and Zi Wei are recorded in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*. If Qumai root were used as Zi Wei, why would Zi Wei also utilize stems and leaves? Their properties are distinct, and their habitats do not overlap. Guo Pu's identification as Ling Xiao is the correct explanation.