味辛、苦，寒、微寒，有毒。主蛊毒，咳逆，泄痢，肠 ，头疡，疥瘙，恶疮，杀诸虫
毒，去死肌。疗 逆，喉痹
不通，鼻中息肉，马刀，烘疮。不入汤。一名葱苒，一名葱 ，一名山葱。生太山山谷。三
月采根，阴干。
黄连为之使，反细辛、芍药、五参，恶大黄。近道处处有。根下极似葱而多毛。用之止
剔取根，微炙之。
味甘，平，无毒。主心腹积聚，除三虫。生山谷，二月采。
状如小芋子，肉白皮黄，近道亦有。
〔谨案〕赭魁，大者如斗，小者如升，叶似杜衡，
蔓
所说者，乃土卵尔，不堪药用。梁、汉人名为黄独，蒸食之，非赭魁也。
味苦，平，有毒。主诸恶疮，疥痂， 蚀，及牛马诸疮。
今人多用以合疗疥膏，甚验也。
〔谨案〕此草一茎，茎头四叶，叶隙着白花，好生山
谷阴虚软地，根似细辛而黑，
有毒，入口使人吐，而今以当杜衡非也。疥瘙必须用之。
味辛、甘、温、大热，有大毒。主中风，恶风，洗洗出汗，除寒湿痹，咳逆上气，破积
聚寒热。消胸上痰冷，食不
下，心腹冷疾，脐间痛，肩胛痛不可俯仰，目中痛不可力视。又堕
禽兽。射罔，味苦，有大毒。
疗尸疰症坚，及头中风痹痛。一名奚毒，一名即子，一名乌喙。乌喙，味辛，微温，有大毒。
主风湿，丈夫肾湿，阴囊
痒，寒热历节，掣引腰痛，不能步行，痈肿脓结。又堕胎。生朗陵川谷。正月、二月采，阴
干。长三寸以上为天雄。
莽草为之使，反半夏、栝蒌、贝母、白蔹、白芨，恶藜芦。
今采用四月乌头与附子同根，春
状如牛角，名乌喙，喙即
鸟之口也
〔谨案
也。此物同苗或有三歧者，然两歧者少。纵天雄、附子有两歧者，仍依本名。如乌头有两歧，
即名乌喙，天雄、附子若
有两歧者，复云何名之？
【藜芦】
味辛、苦，性寒、微寒，有毒。主治蛊毒，咳嗽气逆，泄泻痢疾，肠道寄生虫病（肠），头部疮疡，疥癣瘙痒，恶疮，杀灭各种虫毒，去除坏死的肌肉组织。治疗呃逆，喉痹不通，鼻中息肉，马刀瘰疬，火疮。不入汤剂煎服。又名葱苒，又名葱，又名山葱。产于泰山山谷。三月采集根部，阴干。
黄连作为其引经药（为之使），与细辛、芍药、五参相反，与大黄相恶。近处各地都有生长。根部极像葱但多毛。使用时只需剔除取根，轻微炙烤即可。
【赭魁】
味甘，性平，无毒。主治心腹积聚，驱除三种寄生虫。生于山谷，二月采集。
形状像小芋头，肉白皮黄，近处也有生长。
〔谨案〕赭魁，大的如斗，小的如升，叶子像杜衡，蔓生。文中所提到的，其实是土卵，不堪药用。梁、汉地的人称为黄独，蒸熟食用，这不是赭魁。
【杜衡】
味苦，性平，有毒。主治各种恶疮，疥痂，蚀疮，以及牛马的各种疮。
现在人多用它来配制治疗疥疮的药膏，非常有效。
〔谨案〕这种草一茎，茎头四叶，叶隙间开着白花，喜欢生长在山地山谷阴凉湿润的软地上，根像细辛但是黑色的，有毒，入口使人呕吐，而现在把它当作杜衡是错误的。疥癣瘙痒必须使用它。
【乌头】
味辛、甘，性温、大热，有大毒。主治中风，恶风，瑟瑟出汗，驱除寒湿痹痛，咳嗽气逆上冲，破除积聚引起的寒热。消除胸上痰冷，饮食不下，心腹冷疾，脐间痛，肩胛痛不能俯仰，眼中痛不能用力视物。又能使禽兽堕胎。
射罔，味苦，有大毒。
治疗尸疰症坚，以及头部中风痹痛。又名奚毒，又名即子，又名乌喙。
乌喙，味辛，微温，有大毒。
主治风湿，男子肾湿，阴囊瘙痒，寒热历节，牵引腰痛，不能步行，痈肿脓结。又能堕胎。产于朗陵川谷。正月、二月采集，阴干。长三寸以上的称为天雄。
莽草作为其引经药（为之使），与半夏、栝蒌、贝母、白蔹、白芨相反，与藜芦相恶。
现在采用四月采收的乌头与附子同根，春季形状像牛角，称为乌喙，喙就是鸟的嘴。
〔谨案〕此物同苗或有分三歧的，然而两歧的很少。纵然天雄、附子有两歧的，仍依本名。如果乌头有两歧，就称为乌喙，天雄、附子如果有两歧的，又该叫什么名字呢？
[Lilü]
Taste: acrid, bitter. Nature: cold, slightly cold. Toxicity: toxic. Indications: main treatment for gu poison (parasitic disease), cough with counterflow qi (cough and asthma), diarrhea and dysentery, intestinal parasites, head sores, scabies and pruritus, malignant sores, killing various insect toxins, removing dead muscle tissue. Treatment of hiccup, throat obstruction (bi syndrome of the throat) with blockage, nasal polyps, mar knife (scrofula), fire sores. Not used in decoctions. Also known as Congran, also known as Cong, also known as Shancong. Grows in the valleys of Mount Tai. Roots are harvested in March and dried in the shade.
Rhizoma Coptidis (Huanglian) serves as its guiding herb (zhi shi). It is incompatible with Radix Asari (Xixin), Radix Paeoniae Alba (Shaoyao), and the five Ginsengs (Wushen). It is antagonistic to Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang). It grows everywhere in nearby regions. The root resembles green onion but is very hairy. When used, only the root should be extracted and lightly roasted.
[Zhe Kui]
Taste: sweet. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: main treatment for accumulation and mass in the heart and abdomen, expelling three types of parasites. Grows in valleys, harvested in February.
Shape resembles small taro, white flesh and yellow skin, also found in nearby regions.
[Note] Zhe Kui, the large ones are like a dou (unit of volume), the small ones like a sheng (unit of volume), leaves resemble Houttuynia cordata (Du Heng), creeping vine. What is described here is actually Tu Luan, which is unsuitable for medicinal use. People in Liang and Han regions call it Huang Du, steamed for food; this is not Zhe Kui.
[Du Heng]
Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: toxic. Indications: main treatment for various malignant sores, scabies crusts, erosive ulcers, and various sores on cattle and horses.
Nowadays, people often use it to compound ointments for treating scabies, which is very effective.
[Note] This herb has one stem with four leaves at the top, white flowers blooming between the leaf axils, prefers growing in shady, soft soil in mountain valleys. The root resembles Radix Asari (Xi Xin) but is black. It is toxic and causes vomiting if taken orally. Using it as Du Heng now is incorrect. Scabies and pruritus must use this herb.
[Wutou]
Taste: acrid, sweet. Nature: warm, extremely hot. Toxicity: highly toxic. Indications: main treatment for wind-stroke, aversion to wind, chilly sweating, dispelling cold-damp bi syndrome, cough with counterflow qi, breaking up accumulations causing cold and heat. Resolves phlegm-cold in the chest, difficulty in swallowing, cold diseases of the heart and abdomen, pain around the navel, shoulder blade pain preventing flexion and extension, eye pain preventing forceful vision. Also causes abortion in animals.
She Wang, taste: bitter. Toxicity: highly toxic.
Indications: treats corpse transmission (tuberculosis-like wasting disease) with hardness, and wind-stroke bi pain in the head. Also known as Xi Du, also known as Ji Zi, also known as Wu Hui.
Wu Hui, taste: acrid. Nature: slightly warm. Toxicity: highly toxic.
Indications: main treatment for wind-dampness, kidney dampness in men, scrotal itching, alternating chills and fever in joints (li jie), pulling lower back pain, inability to walk, carbuncles with pus formation. Also causes abortion. Grows in Langling river valleys. Harvested in January and February, dried in the shade. Those longer than three cun are called Tian Xiong.
Radix Siegesbeckiae (Mang Cao) serves as its guiding herb (zhi shi). It is incompatible with Rhizoma Pinelliae (Ban Xia), Fructus Trichosanthis (Gua Lou), Radix Bletillae (Be Mu), Radix Ampelopsis (Bai Lian), Bulbus Coeliae (Bai Ji). It is antagonistic to Lilü.
Currently, Wutou harvested in April shares the same root as Fuzi. In spring, the shape resembles an ox horn, named Wu Hui; "hui" means bird's beak.
[Note] This plant may have stems branching into three, but two branches are rare. Even if Tian Xiong or Fuzi have two branches, they retain their original names. If Wutou has two branches, it is named Wu Hui. What would Tian Xiong or Fuzi be called if they had two branches?