【歌】有色有痕明是疹，若无头粒是为斑。究其实火并虚火，更有阴斑与内伤。
【论】夫斑与疹不同。斑者，疮发 肿于外，有色点而无头粒，属少阳相火。疹者，小红靥，有头粒，
随出随收，收而复出，或在皮肤中不出者，名曰瘾疹，属少阴君火。然伤寒发斑有阳毒、温毒、胃烂之证。杂
病有阴证发斑者，亦出胸、背及手足，稀少而微红，此无根失守之火聚于胸中，
上独熏肺而为斑，如蚊迹之状，终不似阳斑之锦纹也，若误作热证，用寒药，非也。亦有内伤发斑，乃胃气极
虚，一身之火游行于外，宜补宜降，亦不可用凉药。二者虽十无二、三，然亦当辨。阳斑皆属风热挟虚而作，
盖红赤甚者，胃热也；紫者，胃烂也，半死半生；黑者死。阴、阳、虚、实，切脉验证可知矣。
醋疹
醋疹出不快者，升麻葛根汤。毒盛而内火炽者，消毒饮子。
升麻葛根汤
升麻（一钱半） 葛根（一钱半） 芍药（七分，炒） 甘草（六分）
水煎热服。
消毒饮子
防风（二钱，去芦） 荆芥（一钱半） 鼠粘子（三钱，研） 甘草（一钱半）
水煎热服。
隐疹
隐疹者，隐在皮肤不透出者，属脾风兼湿，红者兼火化，黄瓜水调伏龙肝末服之，不已再服。
阳斑
阳斑者，伤寒中之一证也，治方自有本科，此不多赘。
阴斑
阴斑，隐如蚊迹是也，调中汤加茴香、芍药。内伤斑者，胃气极虚，火上熏肺，宜补药降之，大建中汤。（见前。）
调中汤
治阴斑
苍术（一钱半，炒） 陈皮（一钱） 砂仁（一钱） 藿香（一钱） 芍药（一钱） 甘草（炙，一钱）
桔梗（一钱） 半夏（一钱） 白芷（一钱） 羌活（一钱） 枳
壳（一钱） 川芎（五分） 麻黄（半钱） 桂枝（五分）
姜水煎服。
【歌诀】
有颜色且有痕迹的，明确是疹；如果没有颗粒状头部的，就是斑。究其本质，分为实火和虚火两种情况，此外还有阴斑和内伤引起的发斑。
【论述】
斑和疹是不同的。斑，表现为疮疡发作时肿胀于体表，只有色点而没有颗粒状的头部，归属于少阳相火。疹，表现为小红色的斑点，有颗粒状的头部，随出随收，收敛后又再次发出，或者在皮肤中出不来的，称为瘾疹，归属于少阴君火。然而，伤寒病引发的发斑有阳毒、温毒、胃烂等证候。杂病中有因阴证而发斑的，也出现在胸、背及手足部位，稀少且微红，这是无根且失守的火气聚集在胸中，向上单独熏蒸肺部而形成斑，形状像蚊子的咬痕，最终不像阳斑那样呈现锦缎般的纹路。如果误认为是热证，使用寒凉药物，是不正确的。也有因内伤而发斑的，这是由于胃气极度虚弱，全身的火气游行于体表，应当采用补益和降逆的方法，也不可以使用凉药。这两种情况虽然十中不到二、三，但也应当加以辨别。阳斑都属于风热挟带虚邪所致，其中红色赤紫严重的，是胃热；紫色的，是胃烂，病情半死半生；黑色的则主死。阴斑、阳斑、虚证、实证，通过切脉验证就可以知道了。
醋疹
醋疹（一种发疹性疾病）出疹不顺畅的，用升麻葛根汤。毒邪旺盛且体内火气炽盛的，用消毒饮子。
升麻葛根汤
升麻（一钱半） 葛根（一钱半） 芍药（七分，炒制） 甘草（六分）
用水煎煮，趁热服用。
消毒饮子
防风（二钱，去芦头） 荆芥（一钱半） 鼠粘子（即牛蒡子，三钱，研碎） 甘草（一钱半）
用水煎煮，趁热服用。
隐疹
隐疹，是指隐藏在皮肤中不透出的疹子，归属于脾风兼夹湿邪，红色的兼夹火化，用黄瓜水调服伏龙肝粉末，如果未愈再服用。
阳斑
阳斑，是伤寒中的一种证候，治疗方法自有本学科内容，此处不再赘述。
阴斑
阴斑，隐约如蚊子咬痕一样，用调中汤加茴香、芍药。内伤引起的发斑，是胃气极度虚弱，火气上熏肺部，应当用补益药来降逆，方用大建中汤。（见前文。）
调中汤
治疗阴斑
苍术（一钱半，炒制） 陈皮（一钱） 砂仁（一钱） 藿香（一钱） 芍药（一钱） 甘草（炙制，一钱）
桔梗（一钱） 半夏（一钱） 白芷（一钱） 羌活（一钱） 枳壳（一钱） 川芎（五分） 麻黄（半钱） 桂枝（五分）
用姜水煎煮服用。
[Verse]
Those with color and traces are clearly rashes (Zhen); those without granular heads are macules (Ban). Investigating their root, they involve both excess fire and deficiency fire; furthermore, there are yin macules and those caused by internal injury.
[Discussion]
Macules (Ban) and rashes (Zhen) are different. Macules manifest as sores swelling on the exterior, having color spots but no granular heads, and belong to the Shaoyang Ministerial Fire (Shaoyang Xiang Huo). Rashes manifest as small red spots with granular heads, appearing and receding rapidly, or recurring after receding; if they remain hidden within the skin without emerging, they are called hidden rashes (Yin Zhen), and belong to the Shaoyin Sovereign Fire (Shaoyin Jun Huo). However, macules induced by Cold Damage (Shanghan) include syndromes of Yang Toxin, Warm Toxin, and Stomach Rot. In miscellaneous diseases, macules may also arise from Yin syndromes, appearing on the chest, back, hands, and feet, being sparse and slightly red. This is due to rootless and unanchored fire gathering in the chest, steaming upward specifically into the Lung, forming macules resembling mosquito bites. Ultimately, these do not resemble the brocade-like patterns of Yang macules. If mistakenly treated as a Heat syndrome using cold-natured herbs, it is incorrect. There are also cases of macules arising from internal injury, where Stomach Qi is extremely deficient, causing the fire of the whole body to wander to the exterior. Such cases require tonification and descending methods, and cool-natured herbs should not be used. Although these two types account for less than two or three out of ten, differentiation is necessary. Yang macules are all caused by Wind-Heat combined with deficiency. Specifically, severe redness indicates Stomach Heat; purple color indicates Stomach Rot, signifying a condition half-dead and half-alive; black color indicates death. Yin and Yang, Deficiency and Excess can be verified through pulse diagnosis.
Acetic Rash (Cu Zhen)
For acetic rash that fails to emerge smoothly, use Shengma Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Pueraria Decoction). For cases with abundant toxin and blazing internal fire, use Xiaodu Yin Zi (Detoxification Decoction).
Shengma Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Pueraria Decoction)
Rhizoma Cimicifugae (Shengma, 1.5 qian) Radix Puerariae Lobatae (Gegen, 1.5 qian) Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao, 0.7 qian, stir-fried) Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Zhigancao, 0.6 qian)
Decoct in water and take warm.
Xiaodu Yin Zi (Detoxification Decoction)
Radix Saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng, 2 qian, remove rhizome) Herba Schizonepetae (Jingjie, 1.5 qian) Fructus Arctii (Niubangzi, 3 qian, crushed) Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Zhigancao, 1.5 qian)
Decoct in water and take warm.
Hidden Rash (Yin Zhen)
Hidden rash refers to rashes concealed within the skin without emerging. It belongs to Spleen Wind combined with Dampness. If red, it involves Fire transformation. Take powder of Cauda Argillae Rubra (Fulonggan) mixed with cucumber juice. Repeat administration if ineffective.
Yang Macule (Yang Ban)
Yang macule is a syndrome within Cold Damage. Its treatment protocols are detailed in relevant chapters, so further elaboration is omitted here.
Yin Macule (Yin Ban)
Yin macule appears faintly like mosquito bites. Use Tiaozhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) added with Fructus Foeniculi (Huixiang) and Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao). For macules caused by internal injury, where Stomach Qi is extremely deficient and fire steams upward to the Lung, use tonifying herbs to descend the fire. The formula is Da Jianzhong Tang (Great Construct the Middle Decoction). (See previous section.)
Tiaozhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction)
For treating Yin Macule
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Cangzhu, 1.5 qian, stir-fried) Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chenpi, 1 qian) Fructus Amomi (Sharen, 1 qian) Herba Agastaches (Huoxiang, 1 qian) Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao, 1 qian) Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Zhigancao, 1 qian, honey-fried) Radix Platycodi (Jiegeng, 1 qian) Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia, 1 qian) Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Baizhi, 1 qian) Radix Notopterygii (Qianghuo, 1 qian) Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (Zhike, 1 qian) Radix Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong, 0.5 qian) Herba Ephedrae (Mahuang, 0.5 qian) Ramulus Cinnamomi (Guizhi, 0.5 qian)
Decoct with ginger-infused water and take.