足厥阴之脉。起于大指聚毛之际(聚毛。大敦穴分也。素问曰。厥阴之根。起于大敦)。
上循
足跗上廉(太冲穴在焉)。去内踝一寸(中封之位也)。上踝八寸。交出太阴之后(足厥阴行足
太阴之前。上踝八寸。而厥阴复出太阴之后也)。上 内廉(曲泉穴分也)。循股阴入毛中。
环阴器。抵小腹。挟胃属肝(足厥阴为肝之经故其脉属于肝也)。络胆(胆者肝之维故肝脉络
于胆)。上贯膈。布胁肋。循喉咙之后。上入顽颡(灵枢经曰。顽颡者。分气之泄池)。连目
系上出额与督脉会于巅。其支者。从目系下颊里。环唇内。其支者。复从肝别贯膈。上注肺
中(足厥阴自此行入手太阴)。是动则病(足厥阴常多血少气。今气先病。是谓是动也)。腰痛
不可以俯仰(素问所谓腰脊痛不可以俯仰者。三月一振。荣华万物。一俯而不仰也)。丈夫
疝。妇人少腹肿(素问所谓 疝。妇人少腹肿者。厥阴者。辰也。三月阳中之阴邪在中。故
曰疝少腹肿也)。甚则嗌干(素问所谓甚则嗌于热中者。阴阳相搏而热。故嗌干也)。面尘
脱色(面如有尘。而去其色脱去也)。是主肝。所生病者(血受病于气。是气之所生。故云。
所生病也)。胸满。呕逆洞泄(凡中其经。内于肝。肝气乘脾。故为洞泄矣)。狐疝(狐夜不得
尿日出方得。人之所病与狐同候。故曰狐病)。遗溺。闭癃(遗溺谓不禁。闭癃谓不行也)盛
者。寸口大一倍于人迎。虚者。寸口反小于人迎也。
足厥阴之别。名曰蠡沟。去内踝五寸。别走少阳。其别者。循胫上睾结于茎。其病气逆
则睾肿卒疝。实则挺长热。虚则暴痒。取之所别也。
足厥阴之筋。起于大指之上。上结于内踝之前。上循胫。上结内辅之下。上循阴股。结
于阴
器。络诸筋。其病足大趾支内踝之前痛。内辅痛。阴股痛。转筋。阴器不用。伤于内。则不
起。伤于寒。则阴缩和。伤于热。则纵挺不收。治在行水清阴。其病转筋者。治在燔针劫刺
以知为数。以痛为输。名曰季秋痹也。
邪客于足厥阴之络。令人暴疝。卒痛。刺足大趾爪甲上。与肉交者各一 。男子立已。
女子有顷已。左刺右。右刺左。
肝病者。两胁下痛引少腹。令人善怒。虚则目KT KT 。无所见。耳无所闻。善恐。如人将
捕之
取其经厥阴于少阳。气逆则头痛耳聋不聪。颊肿。取血者。肝病热者。小便先黄。腹痛多
卧。身热。热争则狂言及惊。胁满痛。手足躁不得安卧。庚子甚。甲乙大汗气逆。则庚辛死
刺足厥阴。
足厥阴肝经。从足走胸中。长六尺五寸。左右共一丈三尺。凡二十六穴。
大敦二穴。行间二穴。太冲二穴。中封二穴。蠡沟二穴。中都二穴。膝关二穴。曲泉二
穴。阴包二穴。五里二穴。阴廉二穴。章门二穴。期门二穴。
足厥阴肝经的经脉,起始于大脚趾丛毛处(丛毛。即大敦穴所在部位。《素问》说:厥阴经的根源,起于大敦穴)。
向上沿足背内侧上行(太冲穴位于此处),距离内踝前一寸(这是中封穴的位置)。上行至内踝上八寸处,交叉到足太阴脾经的后面(足厥阴肝经在足太阴脾经之前运行,但上行至内踝上八寸时,又复出到足太阴脾经的后面)。再向上沿大腿内侧(曲泉穴所在部位),进入阴毛区域,环绕生殖器,抵达小腹,夹行于胃旁,归属于肝脏(足厥阴是肝脏的经脉,所以其脉属于肝)。联络胆腑(胆是肝的外围辅助,所以肝经脉络联系于胆)。向上穿过膈肌,分布于胁肋部,沿喉咙后方,向上进入鼻咽部(《灵枢经》说:鼻咽部分布着气的泄出孔窍)。连接眼球后的目系,向上出于额部,与督脉交会于头顶。它的分支,从目系下行至面颊内部,环绕口唇内侧。另一分支,又从肝脏分出,贯穿膈肌,向上注入肺中(足厥阴经由此交接入手太阴肺经)。
当经脉发生变动时会产生病症(足厥阴经通常多血少气,现在气先发病,这称为“是动病”)。出现腰痛,不能俯身或仰身(《素问》所说的腰脊痛不能俯仰,是因为三月阳气振奋,万物荣华,一俯而不仰的缘故)。男子患疝气,女子小腹部肿胀(《素问》所说疝气和妇人少腹肿,是因为厥阴对应辰月,即农历三月,此时阳中之阴邪在中,所以称为疝和少腹肿)。病情严重时咽喉干燥(《素问》所说甚则嗌干热中,是因为阴阳相搏产生热邪,所以咽喉干燥)。面色如蒙尘垢,色泽脱失(面色像有灰尘,且失去光泽)。
这些是肝脏经脉所主生的疾病(血液受气的影响而生病,这是气所生成的病变,所以称为“所生病”)。表现为胸中胀满,呕吐逆气,腹泻如水(凡是邪气侵入经脉,内伤于肝,肝气乘袭脾土,所以导致洞泄)。狐疝(狐狸夜间无法排尿,日出后才能排出,人的病症与狐狸相同,所以叫狐疝)。遗尿,小便不通(遗尿指小便失禁,闭癃指小便不通畅)。脉象方面,实证时,寸口脉搏比人迎脉搏大一倍;虚证时,寸口脉搏反而小于人迎脉搏。
足厥阴肝经的别络,名叫蠡沟,距离内踝五寸,别行走向足少阳胆经。其分支,沿小腿上行至睾丸,结聚于阴茎。如果该别络之气逆乱,则睾丸肿胀突发疝气;实证则阴茎挺长发热;虚证则突然瘙痒。治疗应取该别络穴位。
足厥阴肝经的筋脉,起始于大脚趾上方,向上结聚于内踝前方,沿小腿上行,结聚于膝内侧辅骨下方,沿大腿内侧上行,结聚于生殖器,联络各条筋脉。其病症包括:大脚趾及内踝前疼痛,膝内侧辅骨处疼痛,大腿内侧疼痛,转筋(肌肉痉挛),生殖器功能丧失。若房劳过度受伤,则生殖器不起;若受寒邪,则生殖器收缩;若受热邪,则弛纵挺长不收。治疗宜采用利水清阴的方法。对于转筋的病症,治疗宜用燔针劫刺,以症状缓解为度,以痛点作为穴位,这种病名叫季秋痹。
邪气侵犯足厥阴肝经的络脉,使人突发疝气,剧烈疼痛。针刺足大趾爪甲角上方,肉与指甲交界处,每处刺一针。男子立即见效,女子片刻后见效。左病刺右,右病刺左。
肝脏有病时,两胁下疼痛牵引至小腹,使人容易发怒。虚证则视物模糊不清,看不见东西,听不见声音,容易恐惧,好像有人要抓捕他一样。治疗应取足厥阴经和足少阳经的穴位。如果气机逆乱,会出现头痛、耳聋不聪、脸颊肿胀。需要放血的病症包括:肝病发热者,小便先变黄,腹痛,嗜睡,身体发热。热邪与正气相争时,会出现胡言乱语和惊厥,胁肋胀满疼痛,手足躁动不安卧。庚子日病情加重,甲乙日大汗出,若气逆则庚辛日可能死亡。治疗应针刺足厥阴经。
足厥阴肝经,从足部走向胸中,全长六尺五寸,左右两侧共一丈三尺。共有二十六个穴位。
大敦穴二穴,行间穴二穴,太冲穴二穴,中封穴二穴,蠡沟穴二穴,中都穴二穴,膝关穴二穴,曲泉穴二穴,阴包穴二穴,五里穴二穴,阴廉穴二穴,章门穴二穴,期门穴二穴。
The meridian of Foot-Jueyin (Liver) originates at the pubic hair on the big toe (Pubic hair. The location of Dadun [LR1]. *Suwen* states: The root of Jueyin starts at Dadun).
It ascends along the upper medial border of the dorsum of the foot (Taichong [LR3] is located here), one cun anterior to the medial malleolus (the position of Zhongfeng [LR4]). It ascends eight cun above the ankle, crossing posterior to the meridian of Foot-Taiyin (Spleen) (Foot-Jueyin runs anterior to Foot-Taiyin; upon reaching eight cun above the ankle, it re-emerges posterior to Foot-Taiyin). It continues up the medial aspect of the thigh (the location of Ququan [LR8]), enters the pubic region, circles the external genitalia, reaches the lower abdomen, flanks the stomach, and connects with and belongs to the Liver (As Foot-Jueyin is the meridian of the Liver, its vessel belongs to the Liver). It links with the Gallbladder (The Gallbladder is the supporting organ of the Liver, so the Liver meridian connects with the Gallbladder). It passes upward through the diaphragm, spreads over the hypochondrium, follows the posterior aspect of the throat, and enters the nasal cavity (The *Ling Shu* states: The nasal cavity is the outlet for the dispersion of Qi). It connects with the optic nerve system, emerges from the forehead, and meets the Du Meridian at the vertex. A branch descends from the optic nerve system into the cheek interior, circling the inside of the lips. Another branch diverges from the Liver, pierces through the diaphragm, and flows upward into the Lungs (Foot-Jueyin thus transfers to Hand-Taiyin [Lung]).
When the meridian undergoes pathological changes ("Shi Dong" diseases) (Foot-Jueyin typically has abundant blood and scarce Qi; when Qi becomes diseased first, it is called "Shi Dong"). Symptoms include low back pain with inability to bend or extend (As described in *Suwen*: Low back and spine pain with inability to bend or extend is due to the third month where Yang energy振s, flourishing all things, bending but not extending). In men, hernia; in women, swelling of the lower abdomen (As described in *Suwen*: Hernia and lower abdominal swelling in women are associated with Jueyin corresponding to the Chen month, the third lunar month, where Yin evil within Yang is in the middle, hence termed hernia and lower abdominal swelling). Severe cases present with dryness of the pharynx (As described in *Suwen*: Severe dryness of the pharynx due to heat arises from the struggle between Yin and Yang generating heat). The face appears dusty and loses luster (The face looks as if covered with dust, and color is lost).
These are diseases generated by the Liver itself ("Suo Sheng Bing") (Blood becomes diseased due to Qi; this is a disease generated by Qi, hence called "Suo Sheng Bing"). Manifestations include chest fullness, vomiting and regurgitation, and watery diarrhea (When pathogenic factors invade the meridian and affect the Liver internally, Liver Qi overacts on the Spleen, leading to watery diarrhea). Fox hernia (Foxes cannot urinate at night but can after sunrise; human symptoms mimic foxes, hence named Fox Hernia). Enuresis and strangury (Enuresis refers to involuntary urination; strangury refers to difficulty or inability to urinate). In excess conditions, the pulse at Cun Kou is one times larger than Ren Ying; in deficiency conditions, the pulse at Cun Kou is smaller than Ren Ying.
The collateral vessel of Foot-Jueyin is named Ligou (LR5), located five cun above the medial malleolus, diverging to connect with Foot-Shaoyang (Gallbladder). Its branch ascends along the tibia to the testis, knotting at the penis. If Qi rebels in this collateral, testicular swelling and sudden hernia occur. In excess conditions, priapism and heat manifest; in deficiency conditions, sudden itching occurs. Treatment involves selecting the point of divergence.
The sinews of Foot-Jueyin originate above the big toe, ascend and knot anterior to the medial malleolus, follow the tibia upward, and knot below the medial condyle of the femur. They ascend along the medial thigh and knot at the external genitalia, linking various sinews. Pathologies include pain at the big toe and anterior medial malleolus, pain at the medial condyle, pain in the medial thigh, muscle cramps, dysfunction of the external genitalia. Injury from sexual excess leads to flaccidity; injury from Cold leads to retraction; injury from Heat leads to flaccid priapism. Treatment should focus on promoting water metabolism and clearing Yin. For muscle cramps, treatment involves burning needle puncture (Cao Zhen), using the number of sessions until improvement, and using painful points as acupuncture points. This condition is named Jiu Bi (Late Autumn Bi Syndrome).
Evil invading the collateral vessels of Foot-Jueyin causes sudden hernia and acute pain. Puncture the area above the nail plate and at the junction of flesh and nail on the big toe, one needle per side. Men recover immediately; women recover shortly after. Treat left lesions on the right, and right lesions on the left.
Liver diseases manifest as pain in both hypochondria radiating to the lower abdomen, causing irritability. Deficiency presents with blurred vision, inability to see, deafness, excessive fear, and a sensation of being pursued. Treatment involves selecting points from Foot-Jueyin and Foot-Shaoyang meridians. Qi rebellion causes headache, deafness, and facial swelling. Bloodletting is indicated for: Liver heat presenting with yellow urine, abdominal pain, somnolence, and body heat. When heat struggles with healthy Qi, delirium and惊厥 (convulsions) occur, accompanied by hypochondriac fullness and pain, restlessness of hands and feet, and inability to lie down. Conditions worsen on Geng Zi days; profuse sweating on Jia Yi days; death may occur on Geng Xin days if Qi rebels. Treatment involves needling Foot-Jueyin.
The Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian travels from the foot to the chest, measuring six chi five cun in length. Both sides combined measure one zhang three chi. There are twenty-six acupoints in total:
Dadun (LR1) x2, Xingjian (LR2) x2, Taichong (LR3) x2, Zhongfeng (LR4) x2, Ligou (LR5) x2, Zhongdu (LR6) x2, Xiguan (LR7) x2, Ququan (LR8) x2, Yinbao (LR9) x2, Wuli (LR10) x2, Yinlian (LR11) x2, Zhangmen (LR13) x2, Qimen (LR14) x2.