（附论）
三因方论云。夫人身之有皮毛血脉。筋膜肌肉。骨髓以成形。内则有肝心脾肺肾以主之。
若
痿弱无力以运动。故致痿 。状与柔风香港脚皆相类。以脉症并所因别之。不可混滥。柔风脚
气。皆外所因。痿 则属五内气不足之所为也。又曰病者肺热。皮虚弱薄者。足痿 。其色
白而毛败。名曰皮痿。由肺热叶焦使然也。肺为五脏长。有所失亡。所求不得。则发肺鸣。
肺鸣则肺叶焦。论曰。五脏因肺热焦发为痿 。病者心下热。膝腕枢纽如折去。而不相提挈
。胫筋纵缓不能任其地。其色赤而脉络溢。名脉痿。由悲哀太甚。阳气内动。数溲血。故本
病论曰。大经空虚。发为肌痹。传为脉痿。病者肝热。口苦筋膜干。筋急而挛。其色苍而爪
枯。名曰筋痿。由思想无穷。所愿不得。意淫于外。入房太甚。宗筋弛纵。及为白淫。故下
经曰。筋痿者生于肝使然也。病者脾热。胃干而渴。肌肉不仁。其色黄。而肉蠕动。名曰肉
痿。由渐于湿地。以水为事。居处下泽。濡渍痹痿而不仁。故下经曰。肉痿者得之湿地下也
。病者肾热。腰脊不举。骨枯而髓减。其色黑而齿槁。名曰骨痿。因有所远行劳倦。遇大热
而渴。阳气内乏。热舍于肾。致水不胜火。则骨枯而髓虚。故下经曰。骨痿者生于大热也。
方
龙骨丸 治膀胱肾冷。坐起欲倒。目KT KT 。气不足骨萎方。
龙骨 柏子仁 干地黄 甘草 防风（各五分） 禹余粮 白石英 桂心 黄 茯苓
（各七
（各四
分）
日二。
起痿丹（出永类钤方）治诸痿。法当养阳明与冲脉。阳明主胃。乃五脏六腑
之
海。主润宗筋
于气街。属于带脉
补其荣。而通其输。
调
举。日
附子（炮去皮脐） 枸杞子（拣去枝梗） 肉苁蓉（酒浸焙干） 沉香（不见火） 官
桂朱砂
（别
雄（炮去皮
脐或
炼蜜
和丸
至二
为末
藿香养胃汤（出三因方）治胃虚不食。四肢痿弱。行立不能。皆由阳明虚。
宗
筋无所养。遂
藿香 白术 白茯苓 神曲（炒） 乌药（去末） 缩砂仁（炒） 薏苡仁（炒） 半
夏曲 人
参（
枣二
枚
芎桂散（出危氏方）治四肢疼痛软弱。行履不便。
川乌头（二两切作片子水浸一宿切作算子条更以米泔浸一宿不洗日干麸炒微赤为度干了
秤）
钱。温盐
酒下。
麋角丸（出危氏方）能治五痿。皮缓毛瘁。血脉枯槁。肌肉薄着。筋骨羸
弱。
饮食不滋。庶
熟地黄（四两） 大附子（生去皮脐一两半） 麋角（镑一斤重酒浸一宿） 上用大麦
米二
升。以
添陈酒
食前服
治筋痿。两手握固无力。两腿行动无力。急饥食少。此名筋痿。其病症候。多口舌生疮。
忽
不
荆芥穗 蔓荆子 连翘 防风 羌活 独活（研） 木香 牡丹皮 山栀 秦艽（去沙
土）
麻
滓吃。
金刚丸（出保命集方）能治肾损骨痿。不能起于床。宜益精。
萆 杜仲（炒去丝） 苁蓉（酒浸） 菟丝子（酒浸等分） 上为细末。酒煮猪腰子
为丸。
每服
牛膝丸（出保命集方）能治肾肝损。骨痿不能起于床。筋缓不能收持。宜益
精
缓中。
牛膝（酒浸） 萆 杜仲（炒去丝） 苁蓉（酒浸） 防风 菟丝子（酒浸） 白蒺
藜（各等
分）
十丸。
煨肾丸（出保命集方）治肾肝损。及脾损谷不化。宜益精缓中消谷。
牛膝 萆 杜仲 苁蓉 菟丝子 防风 白蒺藜 葫芦巴 破故纸（等分） 桂（半
两）
上
治茎痿（出本草）
以笔头灰酒服之良。
（附论）
《三因方》论述说：人的身体依靠皮毛、血脉、筋膜、肌肉、骨髓来构成形体，内部则由肝、心、脾、肺、肾五脏来主宰。
如果肢体痿弱无力导致运动障碍，这就称为“痿证”。其症状表现与柔风、脚气病都很相似，但可以通过脉象、症状及病因加以区分，不可混淆。柔风和脚气病都属于外感病因所致，而痿证则属于五脏内气不足引起的。
又说，患者若肺热，皮肤虚弱变薄，足部痿软无力，面色苍白且毛发枯败，称为“皮痿”。这是由肺热导致肺叶焦枯所引起的。肺是五脏之长，若有失亡（指情志损伤），所求不得，就会引发肺气上逆鸣响。肺气鸣响则导致肺叶焦枯。经论说：五脏因肺热焦枯而发为痿证。
患者若心下发热，膝腕关节像折断一样分离，不能互相提挈支撑，小腿筋脉松弛缓纵，不能承受身体重量，面色红赤且脉络充盈溢露，称为“脉痿”。这是由于悲哀过度，阳气在内扰动，频繁出现尿血所致。所以《本病论》说：大经脉空虚，发为肌痹，传变为脉痿。
患者若肝热，口苦，筋膜干燥，筋脉拘急挛缩，面色青苍且指甲枯槁，称为“筋痿”。这是由于思虑无穷，愿望不得实现，意念淫逸于外，房事过度，导致宗筋弛纵，以及发生白淫（指男子滑精或女子带下等症）。所以下经说：筋痿是由肝脏受损引起的。
患者若脾热，胃干口渴，肌肉麻木不仁，面色黄，肌肉跳动蠕动感，称为“肉痿”。这是由于逐渐处于潮湿之地，以水为业，居住在下湿之处，湿气浸渍导致痹阻痿软而不仁。所以下经说：肉痿是由于身处湿地下环境所致。
患者若肾热，腰脊不能抬起，骨骼枯槁且髓液减少，面色黑且牙齿枯槁，称为“骨痿”。这是因为远行劳倦，遇到大热而口渴，阳气内乏，热邪留舍于肾，导致水不胜火，从而骨骼枯槁、髓液虚少。所以下经说：骨痿是由于大热所致。
龙骨丸：治疗膀胱和肾脏寒冷，坐起时想要跌倒，眼睛昏花不明。这是气不足导致的骨萎方。
药材：龙骨、柏子仁、干地黄、甘草、防风（各五分）、禹余粮、白石英、桂心、黄芪、茯苓（各七分）。
用法：每日两次服用。
起痿丹（出自《永类钤方》）：治疗各种痿证。治疗方法应当滋养阳明经和冲脉。阳明经主胃，是五脏六腑的海，主要滋润宗筋，位于气街部位，归属于带脉。补益荣气，疏通输穴，调和气血，举升阳气。
药材：附子（炮制，去皮脐）、枸杞子（拣去枝梗）、肉苁蓉（酒浸后焙干）、沉香（避免见火）、官桂、朱砂（另研末）、藿香（炮制，去皮脐或炼蜜和丸）。
用法：将上述药物研为细末，用炼蜜调和制成丸药。
藿香养胃汤（出自《三因方》）：治疗胃气虚弱不能进食，四肢痿弱无力，行走站立困难。这都是由于阳明经虚弱，宗筋得不到滋养所致。
药材：藿香、白术、白茯苓、神曲（炒）、乌药（去末）、缩砂仁（炒）、薏苡仁（炒）、半夏曲、人参、大枣（二枚）。
用法：加水煎煮，去渣温服。
芎桂散（出自《危氏方》）：治疗四肢疼痛软弱，行走不便。
药材：川乌头（二两，切成片状，用水浸泡一夜，再切成算子条状，再用米泔水浸泡一夜，不洗，晒干，麸炒至微红色为度，称取适量）。
用法：用温盐酒送服。
麋角丸（出自《危氏方》）：能治疗五种痿证。症状包括皮肤松弛、毛发憔悴、血脉枯槁、肌肉薄弱附着于骨、筋骨羸弱、饮食不能滋养身体。
药材：熟地黄（四两）、大附子（生用，去皮脐一两半）、麋角（镑成薄片，一斤重，用酒浸泡一夜）。
用法：以上药物与大麦米二升，一同煎煮，加入陈酒，饭前服用。
治疗筋痿：双手握固无力，双腿行动无力，容易饥饿但食量很少，这名叫筋痿。其病症候，多伴有口舌生疮，忽然……（原文此处有缺漏或乱码，依文意推测为突发症状或伴随症状）。
药材：荆芥穗、蔓荆子、连翘、防风、羌活、独活（研碎）、木香、牡丹皮、山栀、秦艽（去沙土）、麻……（原文此处有缺漏）。
用法：去滓服用。
金刚丸（出自《保命集方》）：能治疗肾脏损伤导致的骨痿，不能从床上起身。适宜填补精髓。
药材：萆薢、杜仲（炒去丝）、肉苁蓉（酒浸）、菟丝子（酒浸，等分）。
用法：以上药物研为细末，用酒煮猪腰子为丸。
用法：每次服用若干丸。
牛膝丸（出自《保命集方》）：能治疗肾脏和肝脏损伤，骨痿不能从床上起身，筋脉松弛不能收持。适宜填补精髓，缓和其中。
药材：牛膝（酒浸）、萆薢、杜仲（炒去丝）、肉苁蓉（酒浸）、防风、菟丝子（酒浸）、白蒺藜（各等分）。
用法：制成十丸大小的药丸。
煨肾丸（出自《保命集方》）：治疗肾脏和肝脏损伤，以及脾脏损伤导致谷物不消化。适宜填补精髓，缓和其中，促进消化。
药材：牛膝、萆薢、杜仲、肉苁蓉、菟丝子、防风、白蒺藜、葫芦巴、破故纸（即补骨脂，等分）、桂枝（半两）。
用法：以上药物……（原文此处有缺漏，通常为研末制丸）。
治疗茎痿（出自《本草》）：用笔头灰配酒服用效果良好。
(Attached Treatise)
The *San Yin Fang* (Treatise on the Three Causes) states: The human body forms its structure through skin, hair, blood vessels, sinews, muscles, and bone marrow. Internally, these are governed by the five Zang organs: Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, and Kidney.
If the limbs become flaccid and weak, leading to impaired movement, this is termed "Wei Syndrome" (Flaccidity Syndrome). Its presentation resembles that of "Rou Feng" (Soft Wind) and "Jiao Qi" (Foot Distress), but it can be distinguished by pulse, symptoms, and etiology; they must not be confused. Rou Feng and Jiao Qi belong to external causes, whereas Wei Syndrome belongs to insufficiency of Qi within the five internal organs.
It is further stated that if a patient has Lung Heat, with weak and thin skin, and flaccidity in the feet, accompanied by a pale complexion and withered hair, it is named "Pi Wei" (Skin Flaccidity). This results from Lung Heat causing the lung leaves to become scorched and dry. The Lung is the chief of the five Zang organs. If there is loss or injury (often due to emotional distress), and desires remain unfulfilled, it triggers Lung Qi rebellion and鸣响 (noisy breathing). When Lung Qi rebels, the lung leaves become scorched. The treatise says: The five Zang organs develop Wei Syndrome due to Lung Heat and scorching.
If a patient feels heat in the epigastrium, the knee and ankle joints feel as if broken apart and cannot support each other, the calf sinews are relaxed and lax, unable to bear weight, the complexion is red, and the collaterals are full and distended, it is named "Mai Wei" (Vessel Flaccidity). This is caused by excessive sorrow, which agitates Yang Qi internally and leads to frequent hematuria. Therefore, the *Ben Bing Lun* (Treatise on Original Diseases) states: When the great meridians are empty, it manifests as Ji Bi (Muscle Bi), which transmits into Mai Wei.
If a patient has Liver Heat, bitter taste in the mouth, dry sinews, spasmodic contraction of sinews, a bluish-green complexion, and withered nails, it is named "Jin Wei" (Sinew Flaccidity). This arises from endless rumination, unfulfilled wishes, mental wandering, excessive sexual activity, leading to relaxation of the Zong Jin (Major Sinews) and occurrence of Bai Yin (white discharge/seminal emission). Thus, the lower classics state: Jin Wei originates from Liver dysfunction.
If a patient has Spleen Heat, dry mouth and thirst due to stomach dryness, numbness of muscles, yellowish complexion, and twitching of muscles, it is named "Rou Wei" (Flesh Flaccidity). This results from gradual exposure to damp places, working with water, dwelling in low and marshy areas, where dampness infiltrates and causes Bi obstruction and flaccidity with numbness. Thus, the lower classics state: Rou Wei is contracted from damp environments.
If a patient has Kidney Heat, inability to lift the waist and spine, withered bones and reduced marrow, blackish complexion, and withered teeth, it is named "Gu Wei" (Bone Flaccidity). This is due to fatigue from long journeys, encountering intense heat and thirst, leading to internal deficiency of Yang Qi. Heat lodges in the Kidney, causing Water to fail to control Fire, resulting in withered bones and deficient marrow. Thus, the lower classics state: Gu Wei originates from intense heat.
Long Gu Wan (Dragon Bone Pill): Treats Cold in the Bladder and Kidney, dizziness upon sitting or rising, and blurred vision. It is a formula for Gu Wei caused by Qi insufficiency.
Ingredients: Long Gu (Fossilized Bones), Baizi Ren (Biota Seed), Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia Root), Gan Cao (Licorice Root), Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root) (each 5 fen); Yu Yi Liang (Yucca Litharge), Bai Shi Ying (White Quartz), Gui Xin (Cinnamon Twig Heart), Huang Qi (Astragalus Root), Fu Ling (Poria) (each 7 fen).
Usage: Taken twice daily.
Qi Wei Dan (Revitalize Flaccidity Pill) (from *Yong Lei Qian Fang*): Treats various Wei Syndromes. The treatment method should nourish the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming and the Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel). The Yangming Meridian governs the Stomach, which is the Sea of the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, primarily moistening the Zong Jin, located at the Qi Jie (Qi Street), and belonging to the Dai Mai (Girdle Vessel). It tonifies Ying Qi, unshu points, harmonizes, and raises Qi.
Ingredients: Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root, peeled and de-navelled), Gou Qi Zi (Goji Berry), Rou Cong Rong (Cistanche Stem), Chen Xiang (Agarwood), Guan Gui (Cassia Bark), Zhu Sha (Cinnabar, separately ground), Huo Xiang (Patchouli Herb) (prepared, or mixed with refined honey into pills).
Usage: Grind into fine powder, mix with refined honey to form pills.
Huo Xiang Yang Wei Tang (Patchouli Stomach-Nourishing Decoction) (from *San Yin Fang*): Treats Spleen-Stomach deficiency failing to digest food, flaccidity and weakness of the four limbs, inability to walk or stand. These are all due to Yangming deficiency, where Zong Jin lacks nourishment.
Ingredients: Huo Xiang, Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Bai Fu Ling (Poria), Shen Qu (Medicated Leaven, stir-fried), Wu Yao (Lindera Root), Suo Sha Ren (Amomum Fruit, stir-fried), Yi Yi Ren (Coix Seed, stir-fried), Ban Xia Qu (Pinellia Medicated Leaven), Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Da Zao (Jujube Fruit, 2 pieces).
Usage: Decoct in water, strain, and take warm.
Xiong Gui San (Ligusticum and Cinnamon Powder) (from *Wei Shi Fang*): Treats pain and weakness in the four limbs, making walking difficult.
Ingredients: Chuan Wu Tou (Chuanwu Rhizome, 2 liang, sliced, soaked in water overnight, cut into strips, soaked in rice wash water overnight, dried without washing, stir-fried with bran until slightly red, weighed appropriately).
Usage: Take with warm salted wine.
Mi Jiao Wan (Elk Horn Pill) (from *Wei Shi Fang*): Can treat the five types of Wei Syndrome. Symptoms include loose skin, withered hair, withered blood vessels, thin muscles adhering to bones, weak sinews and bones, and dietary intake failing to nourish the body.
Ingredients: Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmannia Root, 4 liang), Da Fu Zi (Raw Aconite Root, peeled and de-navelled, 1.5 liang), Mi Jiao (Elk Horn, shaved, 1 jin, soaked in wine overnight).
Usage: Combine with Er Mai Mi (Barley Grain, 2 sheng), decoct, add aged wine, and take before meals.
Treating Jin Wei (Sinew Flaccidity): Inability to grip firmly with hands, weakness in leg movement, frequent hunger but poor appetite. This is named Jin Wei. Clinical manifestations often include sores in the mouth and tongue, sudden... [text missing].
Ingredients: Jing Jie Sui (Schizonepeta Spike), Man Jing Zi (Vernonia Fruit), Lian Qiao (Forsythia Fruit), Fang Feng, Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Du Huo (Angelica Pubescens Root, ground), Mu Xiang (Costus Root), Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex), Shan Zhi (Gardenia Fruit), Qin Jiao (Gentiana Macrophylla Root, cleaned of sand).
Usage: Strain the decoction and consume the residue/dregs.
Jin Gang Wan (Vajra Pill) (from *Bao Ming Ji Fang*): Treats Kidney damage leading to Gu Wei, inability to rise from bed. Suitable for replenishing Essence.
Ingredients: Bi Xie (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome), Du Zhong (Eucommia Bark, stir-fried to remove fibers), Rou Cong Rong, Tu Si Zi (Cuscuta Seed, soaked in wine, equal parts).
Usage: Grind into fine powder, use wine to decoct pig kidneys to form pills.
Usage: Take a specific number of pills per dose.
Niu Xi Wan (Achyranthes Pill) (from *Bao Ming Ji Fang*): Treats Kidney and Liver damage, Gu Wei preventing rising from bed, lax sinews unable to hold. Suitable for replenishing Essence and relaxing tension.
Ingredients: Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root, soaked in wine), Bi Xie, Du Zhong, Rou Cong Rong, Fang Feng, Tu Si Zi, Bai Ji Li (Tribulus Fruit, equal parts).
Usage: Form into ten pills.
Wei Shen Wan (Roasted Kidney Pill) (from *Bao Ming Ji Fang*): Treats Kidney and Liver damage, and Spleen damage causing indigestion. Suitable for replenishing Essence, relaxing tension, and promoting digestion.
Ingredients: Niu Xi, Bi Xie, Du Zhong, Rou Cong Rong, Tu Si Zi, Fang Feng, Bai Ji Li, Hu Lu Ba (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seed), Po Gu Zhi (Psoralea Fruit, equal parts), Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig, half liang).
Usage: [Text missing, typically processed into pills].
Treating Jing Wei (Genital Flaccidity) (from *Ben Cao*): Taking pen-tip ash with wine is effective.