夫伤寒头痛者。邪气循阳脉上攻于头也。是以伤寒、伤风、温病、热病、风温病、皆有
头痛证者。盖头痛皆阳证也。故太阳头痛。必发热恶寒。阳明头痛。不恶寒。反恶热。少阳
头痛。脉弦细而发热。至于三阴脉从足至胸。皆不至头。惟厥阴脉挟胃。属肝。络胆。循喉
咙。上颃颡。连目出额。故仲景只有厥阴头痛一证。治以吴茱萸汤者是也。又伤寒头痛。谓
邪气外在经络。上攻于头所致也。难经曰。三阳经受风寒。伏留而不去。则名厥头痛。言三
阳之经上于头尔。然伤寒头痛者。太阳专主也。何者。以太阳之经起于目内 。上额交巅。
上入络脑。经所谓太阳受病者。头项痛。腰脊强。又曰。七日病衰。头痛少愈。虽然阳明、
少阳亦有头痛。不若太阳之专主也。盖太阳为病属表。而头痛专为主表证。虽有风寒之不同。
必待发散而后已。太阳病。头痛发热。身疼腰痛。骨节疼痛。恶风无汗而喘者。伤寒也。麻
黄汤主之。太阳病。头痛发热。汗出恶风者。中风也。桂枝汤主之。虽有伤寒六七日。不大
便。头痛有热者。而与调胃承气汤下之者。又云。若小便清者。知热不在里。仍在表也。当
与桂枝汤。以头痛未去。虽不大便六七日。其小便清者。犹为在表。是知头痛属乎表者明矣。
头痛一切属三阳经也。而阴病亦有头痛乎。太阴、少阴二经之脉。皆上至颈胸中而还。不上
循头则无头痛之证。惟厥阴之脉。循喉咙之后。上入颃颡。连目系。上出额。与督脉会于巅。
病亦有
夫头者。精明之府也。神明居之。小小邪气。作为头痛者。必曰发散而可也。其或痛甚。
入连于脑。而手足寒者。又为真痛。岂能发散而已哉。呜呼。头痛为外疾。犹有不可治者。
又矧脏腑之疾乎。又伤寒头痛者。是外中风邪。上注脑中。三阳之脉受于风寒。伏留不去。
则流传于心肺。故使上焦壅滞。心烦鼻塞。壮热头痛也。
歌括。恶寒发热太阳经。恶热头痛胃气蒸。脉细而弦兼发热。少阳头痛自分明。
又云。三阴本没头痛疼。若有头疼属厥阴。非次头痛涎作病。心烦鼻塞湿家寻。
又论云。太阳恶寒发热。头痛无汗。麻黄汤。有汗桂枝汤。已发汗。未发汗。头疼如破
者。连须葱白汤。不已者。葛根葱白汤。阳明头痛。胃气所蒸也。调胃承气汤。少阳头疼。
小柴胡汤。涎病头疼。瓜蒂搐鼻法。湿家鼻塞头疼。瓜蒂搐鼻法。出鼻中黄水即愈。厥阴头
痛。脉必微浮。浮者欲愈也。不愈者。小建中汤。外证发热似疟者。欲愈也。宜桂枝麻黄各
半汤。又云。三阴无头疼。唯厥阴有头疼。至吴茱萸证。却云干呕。吐涎沫。头疼属少阴。
以此论之。少阴亦有头疼。但稀少耳。孙真人云。少阴伤寒。不壮热。不头疼。其稀少可知。
少阴身虽有热。而无头疼。厥阴有头疼。而无身热。而又头疼。属阳证无疑矣。
歌括。头痛恶冷太阳先。恶热阳明胆细弦。湿鼻塞兮痰膈满。厥阴干呕吐清涎。
又头痛属三阳。阳明、少阳皆有之。而太阳则专主是也。太阳专主头痛。则头痛之属表
证者居多。阳明、少阳又次而轻耳。以阴经络上不至头。故无头痛。惟厥阴循喉咙之后。上
连目系顶巅。有头痛。干呕吐涎。可用吴茱萸汤。一证却无身热。亦与阴症不同也。虽然太
阴、少阴。其经从足至胸。并无头痛。是固然耳。然风温病在少阴。湿温病在太阴。而头反
痛。至于阴毒亦然。是又某病。则又有某证。脉络相通。不可拘也。
若夫头痛剧甚。入连于脑。手足俱寒。此则真痛。神丹在手。其能救乎。诸头疼无热。
如圣饼。用生姜葱白煎汤下。
头疼脉数。发热恶寒。而身不痛。左手脉平和。此名食积也。伤食亦令人头痛。脉数发
热。但验左手人迎脉平和。身不疼痛者是也。甲乙经云。人迎盛紧。伤于寒。气口盛紧。伤
于食。左手关前一分者。人迎之位也。右手关前一分者。气口之位也。盖人迎主外。气口主
中。以此别之。伤食之证。由脾胃伏热。因食不消。发热似伤寒。却身不疼痛。此为异耳。
若膈实呕吐。食在上脘。宜吐之。若心腹满痛者。宜下之。治中汤。五积散。黑神丸。可选
而用也。
方
石膏散（出圣惠方）治伤寒头痛壮热。
石膏 桂心 细辛 白术 桔梗（去芦头） 干姜（炮制锉） 薄荷（各半两） 麻黄
（去根
节） 赤芍药 附子〔炮裂去皮脐各三两（分）〕 甘草（一两炙微赤锉） 上捣粗罗为散。
每
服四钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。葱白七寸。豉五十粒。煎至六分。去滓。不计时候。稍
热服。
黄芩散 治伤寒头痛。心神烦热。四肢不利。
黄芩 甘草（炙微赤锉各半两） 赤芍药 桂心 细辛（各三分） 麻黄（去根节） 前
胡
（去芦头各一两） 石膏（二两） 上捣筛为散。每服三钱。以水一中盏。煎至六分。去滓。
不
计时
治伤寒壅热。头痛不可忍。宜服此方。（出圣惠方）
石膏（二两） 滑石（一两） 黄芩 柴胡（去苗） 赤芍药 前胡（去芦头） 犀角
屑甘草
（炙微赤锉） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄各三分） 上捣筛为散。每服五钱。以水一
大盏。
入淡竹叶三七片。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。稍热服。
浓朴散 治伤寒壮热头痛。烦躁无汗。
浓朴（去粗皮涂生姜汁炙令香熟） 甘草（炙微赤锉） 附子（炮裂去皮脐） 陈橘皮
（汤浸
去白瓤焙） 麻黄（去根节） 川大黄（锉碎微炒各一两） 吴茱萸（汤浸七遍焙干微炒） 干
姜
（炮裂锉） 前胡（去芦头各半两） 上捣罗为细散。每服三钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。
煎至六分。去生姜。不计时候。和滓稍热服。以衣覆取汗。未汗再服。
旋复花散（出圣惠方）治伤寒头痛。心膈痰壅。
旋复花 甘菊花 芎 （各一两） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 皂荚树 白皮（三两涂酥
炙赤
色） 上捣罗为细散。每服二钱。以水一中盏。入荆芥七穗。煎至六分。不计时候。和滓热
服。
甘菊花散 治伤寒痰壅头痛。心烦。四肢拘急。不得睡卧。
甘菊花 旋复花 蔓荆子 细辛 枳壳（麸炒微黄去瓤） 甘草（炙微赤锉各半两） 防
风
（去芦） 芎 酸枣仁 葳蕤（各一两） 上捣粗罗为散。每服三钱。以水一中盏。入生
姜半
分。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
治伤寒汗后。头痛不解。宜服此方。（出圣惠方）
石膏 太阴玄精石（各一两） 麻黄（二两去根节） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 上 咀。
每服
三钱。水一中盏。入竹叶二七片。煎至六分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
通顶吹鼻散（出圣惠方）治伤寒头痛不止。
藜芦（一分去芦头） 瓜蒂 马牙硝〔各二（三）分〕 龙脑（研） 麝香（研各半钱）
上捣
罗为细散。研龙脑、麝香令匀。用少许吹入鼻中。得嚏瘥。
黄芩汤（出护命方）治伤寒头痛不止。
黄芩（去黑心） 石膏（研） 茵陈蒿 柴胡（去苗） 桔梗（锉炒） 牡丹皮 荆芥
穗栀子
仁（各一分） 麻黄（去根节半两） 上粗捣筛。每服三钱匕。水一盏。煎至七分。去滓。
食后
温
吴茱萸汤（出金匮方）治伤寒厥阴证。干呕吐涎沫。头痛。
吴茱萸〔二（三）两洗焙〕 人参（一两半） 上 咀如麻豆。每服五钱匕。水一中盏
半。
入生姜一枣大。拍碎。枣三枚。去核。同煎至八分。去滓。温服。若急者阴毒。甘草汤。白
术散。附子汤。肉桂散。回阳丹。反阴丹。至于阴盛隔阳。霹雳散。火焰散。随经部分。选
用之。
石膏丸（出圣济总录）治伤寒头痛痰盛。
石膏（细研水飞过四两） 乌头（去皮脐生用一两） 硝石（研一两半） 太阴玄精石
（研二
两） 上捣研为末。和匀如粉。以生姜自然汁。煮面糊和丸。如梧桐子大。每服十丸至十五
丸。荆芥茶下。甚者不过三服。
圣白散（出圣济总录）治伤寒头痛壮热。化痰发汗。
附子（一枚大者炮裂去皮脐） 白附子（生） 天南星（炮半两） 白芷（一分） 半
夏（洗去
滑为末生姜汁和作饼焙干） 麻黄（去根节各五两） 石膏（碎研一两） 麝香（研半钱） 上
捣
罗六味为末。入石膏、麝香末。同研令匀。每服半钱匕。热葱茶调下。甚者连进三服。
太一散（出王氏博济方）治伤寒头痛。
附子（大者炮裂去皮脐一两） 甘草（生） 石苇（去毛各半两） 石膏（研） 滑石
（研各二
两） 上捣罗三味为细散。入石膏、滑石末。同研匀。每服二钱匕。葱白、薄荷茶调下。
白藓皮汤（出圣济总录）治伤寒头痛。
白藓皮 菊花 石膏（研） 荆芥穗（各一两） 桂（去粗皮一分） 甘草（炙半两） 麻
黄
（去节二两） 上粗捣筛。每服三钱匕。水一盏。煎七分。去滓。温服。
茶调散（出圣济总录）治伤寒头痛不止。
石膏（碎研二两） 羌活（去芦头生用） 苍术（去皮） 甘草（半生半炙） 芎 茵
陈蒿
荆芥穗（各一两） 桂（去粗皮半两） 上捣罗为散。每服一钱匕。用腊茶一钱匕。同葱白
汤。
点热服。
麝香双丸（出圣济总录）治伤寒头痛目眩。汗出。
麝香（研） 龙脑（研各一分） 丹砂（一两半研） 雄黄（研） 木香 赤箭（各一
两） 牛黄
（研） 白花蛇肉 乌蛇肉（各酒浸炙） 干蝎（炒去土） 羚羊角（镑各半两） 天南星
（炮） 麻
黄（去根节各二两） 白附子（生） 天麻（酒浸焙） 防风（去叉） 零陵香叶（三分） 藿
香叶
天
大。
每服二丸。细嚼。温酒下。不拘时候。
天南星丸（出圣济总录）治伤寒头痛。
天南星（末二两） 石膏〔末二（一）两水飞过〕 上填牛胆中。用薄荷包。更用荷叶
外包。
于风道中挂。以清明节候。入龙脑少许。滴雪水丸如鸡头大。每服一丸。嚼。薄荷汤下之。
石膏汤（出王氏博济方）治伤寒头疼不可忍。
石膏（碎） 麻黄（去根节各一两） 何首乌（去黑皮半两） 葛根（锉三分） 上粗
捣筛。每
服三钱匕。生姜三片。水一盏。同煎至八分。去滓。温服。
石膏煮散（出圣济总录）治伤寒头痛。
石膏（研水飞过一两半） 旋复花（一两） 白蒺藜（炒） 甘菊花 山栀子仁 茵陈
蒿（各
半两） 芎 〔一（半）两〕 太阴玄精石（研半两） 上捣罗六味为细末。入石膏等研匀。
每
服三钱匕。水一盏。入荆芥少许。同煎至七分。不去滓。温服。不拘时候。
一字散（出圣济总录）治伤寒头疼鼻塞。
芎 （一两） 草乌头（炮裂去皮尖一两半） 石膏（研二两） 雄黄（二钱醋浸一宿
焙研）
上捣罗三味为散。入雄黄末。研匀。每服一字。入腊茶半钱匕。葱白一寸。煎汤点服。
瓜蒂散（出圣济总录）治伤寒头疼。胸中满。及发寒热。脉紧而不大者。膈上
有痰涎。
用瓜蒂一两。捣罗为散。每服一钱匕。温熟水调下。吐涎愈。
人参汤（出圣济总录）治伤寒头痛。自汗。壮热。身体拘急。喘粗。骨节酸
疼。
人参 甘草（炙各二两） 桂（去粗皮） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙） 白茯苓（去黑皮） 防
风
（去叉） 五味子 柴胡（去苗各一两） 附子（炮裂去皮脐） 半夏（生姜汁浸一复时各
半两）
上锉如麻豆大。每服三钱匕。水一盏。入生姜二片。枣二枚。擘破。同煎至七分。去滓。热
服。不拘时候。
麻黄丸（出圣济总录）治伤寒。解表。止头痛。兼治破伤风。及一切诸风。
麻黄（去根节汤煮掠去沫焙干） 乌头（水浸三日日易曝干炮裂去皮脐各四两） 天南
星
（炮捣末四两） 半夏（汤洗七遍去滑四两） 白芷（三两） 石膏（泥裹火煨通赤研四两）
甘草
（炙锉一两） 龙脑（研半两） 麝香（研一分） 上将八味。捣研为末。水煮天南星和丸。
如小
弹子大。每服一丸。葱茶或葱酒嚼下。薄荷茶亦得。连二三服。此本白龙丸。后又加麻黄。
作六两。用寒水石。石膏末为衣。治伤寒至佳。小小伤风。服之立瘥。解表药中。此尤神速。
白雪丸（出圣济总录）治伤寒头痛。三日以里可服。
乌头（去皮脐） 附子（去皮脐） 白附子 天南星 天麻 麻黄（去根节） 甘草（并
生用
各等分） 上捣罗为末。水浸宿炊饼和丸。如樱桃大。火 寒水石粉为衣。每服一丸。热酒
或葱茶嚼下。良久以热粥投之。
前胡汤（出圣济总录）治初得伤寒。头痛壮热。
前胡（去芦头） 半夏（汤浸七遍去滑生姜汁制切焙） 玄参（坚者） 旋复花 甘草
（炙锉）
桂（去粗皮） 黄芩（去黑心） 桔梗（锉炒各一两） 生干地黄（焙二两） 上粗捣筛。
每服五钱
匕。水一盏半。生姜五片。煎至八分。去滓。热服。不拘时候。
四白散（出圣济总录）治伤寒头痛身热。百节疼痛。
伤寒引起的头痛，是因为邪气沿着阳经向上攻冲头部所致。因此，伤寒、伤风、温病、热病、风温病，都有头痛的症状。大概头痛都属于阳证。所以太阳经头痛，必定伴有发热和恶寒；阳明经头痛，不恶寒，反而怕热；少阳经头痛，脉象弦细且伴有发热。至于三阴经的经脉从足部上行至胸部，都不到达头部。只有厥阴经夹着胃，属于肝，联络胆，沿着喉咙，上达鼻咽部（颃颡），连接目系，上行出额部。所以张仲景只记载了厥阴头痛这一种证候，用吴茱萸汤治疗就是针对这种情况的。
另外，伤寒头痛，是指邪气在体表的经络，向上攻冲头部所致。《难经》说：三阳经受风寒侵袭，邪气潜伏停留而不离去，就称为厥头痛。这是指三阳经的经脉上行于头部的缘故。然而，伤寒头痛主要归属于太阳经。为什么呢？因为太阳经起于目内眦，上行至额部，交会于头顶，深入络属脑部。医经上说，太阳经受病，会出现头项痛、腰脊强直。又说，病程到第七天病情衰退，头痛会稍微减轻。虽然阳明经和少阳经也有头痛，但不如太阳经那样专门主司头痛。大概太阳经的病属于表证，而头痛专门作为表证的主要表现。虽然有风寒的不同，但必须等待发散解表后才能痊愈。
太阳病，出现头痛、发热、身体疼痛、腰痛、骨节疼痛、恶风、无汗且气喘的，是伤寒，用麻黄汤主治。太阳病，出现头痛、发热、出汗、恶风的，是中风，用桂枝汤主治。即使有伤寒六七天，大便不通，头痛且有发热的，给予调胃承气汤泻下。又说，如果小便清长，说明热邪不在里，仍在表，应当给予桂枝汤。因为头痛未去，虽然六七天不大便，只要小便清长，仍然属于表证。由此可知，头痛属于表证是很明确的。
头痛一切归属于三阳经。那么阴病也有头痛吗？太阴经和少阴经的经脉，都上行至颈部和胸部就返回，不上行循行于头部，所以没有头痛的症状。只有厥阴经的经脉，沿着喉咙后方，上行进入鼻咽部，连接目系，上行出额部，与督脉会合于头顶。患病时也会有头痛。
头部是精明之府，神明居住其中。轻微的外邪导致头痛，通过发散法治疗即可。如果疼痛剧烈，牵连到脑部，并且手足寒冷，这又被称为“真痛”，怎么能仅仅用发散法治疗呢？唉！头痛虽然是外感疾病，尚且有不可治愈的情况，何况是脏腑内部的疾病呢？
另外，伤寒头痛，是外感风邪，向上注入脑中，三阳经的经脉受到风寒侵袭，邪气潜伏停留不去，进而流传于心肺，导致上焦壅滞，心烦、鼻塞、高热、头痛。
歌诀云：恶寒发热属太阳经，怕热头痛是胃气蒸腾。脉象细弦兼发热，少阳头痛自然分明。
又说：三阴本无头痛疼，若有头疼属厥阴。非寻常头痛而是痰涎作祟，心烦鼻塞需找湿家（湿病患者）。
又论述说：太阳病恶寒发热，头痛无汗，用麻黄汤；有汗用桂枝汤。已经发过汗或未发过汗，头痛剧烈如破裂感的，用连须葱白汤；无效的，用葛根葱白汤。阳明头痛，是胃气蒸腾所致，用调胃承气汤。少阳头痛，用小柴胡汤。痰涎导致的头痛，用瓜蒂搐鼻法。湿病患者鼻塞头痛，也用瓜蒂搐鼻法，排出鼻中黄水即愈。厥阴头痛，脉象必微浮，浮表示欲愈；若不愈，用小建中汤。外证发热似疟疾的，也是欲愈的表现，宜用桂枝麻黄各半汤。
又说：三阴无头疼，唯厥阴有头疼。到了吴茱萸汤证，却说是干呕、吐涎沫、头疼属于少阴。以此论之，少阴也有头疼，只是稀少罢了。孙真人说：少阴伤寒，不壮热，不头疼，其稀少可以知道了。少阴身虽有热，而无头疼；厥阴有头疼，而无身热。而又头疼，属于阳证无疑了。
歌诀云：头痛恶冷太阳先，恶热阳明胆细弦。湿鼻塞兮痰膈满，厥阴干呕吐清涎。
又说头痛归属于三阳，阳明、少阳皆有之，而太阳则专门主司此证。太阳专门主司头痛，则头痛属于表证的居多，阳明、少阳又次之且较轻。因为阴经络脉上行不到头，所以没有头痛。只有厥阴循喉咙之后，上行连接目系至头顶，有头痛、干呕吐涎的症状，可用吴茱萸汤。这一证候却没有身热，也与阴症不同。虽然太阴、少阴，其经脉从足至胸，并无头痛，这是当然的。然而风温病在少阴，湿温病在太阴，而头反而痛。至于阴毒也是如此。这是又有某病，就有某证，脉络相通，不可拘泥。
如果头痛剧烈，牵连到脑部，手足都寒冷，这就是真痛，即使有神丹在手，能救活吗？各种头痛无热的，用如圣饼，用生姜葱白煎汤送服。
头疼脉数，发热恶寒，但身体不痛，左手脉平和，这名叫食积。伤食也会让人头痛，脉数发热，只要验证左手人迎脉平和，身体不疼痛的就是。《甲乙经》说：人迎脉盛紧，伤于寒；气口脉盛紧，伤于食。左手关前一分，是人迎的位置；右手关前一分，是气口的位置。大概人迎主外，气口主中，以此来辨别。伤食的证候，是由于脾胃伏热，因食物不消化，发热似伤寒，却身体不疼痛，这是不同之处。
如果膈实呕吐，食在上脘，宜用吐法。如果心腹满痛，宜用下法。治中汤、五积散、黑神丸，可选用。
方剂：
石膏散（出自《圣惠方》）治疗伤寒头痛壮热。
石膏、桂心、细辛、白术、桔梗（去芦头）、干姜（炮制锉碎）、薄荷（各半两）、麻黄（去根节）、赤芍药、附子（炮裂去皮脐，各三两）、甘草（一两，炙微赤锉）。以上捣粗罗为散。每服四钱，用水一中盏，加入生姜半分，葱白七寸，豆豉五十粒，煎至六分，去渣。不计时候，稍热服用。
黄芩散 治疗伤寒头痛，心神烦热，四肢不利。
黄芩、甘草（炙微赤锉，各半两）、赤芍药、桂心、细辛（各三分）、麻黄（去根节）、前胡（去芦头，各一两）、石膏（二两）。以上捣筛为散。每服三钱，用水一中盏，煎至六分，去渣，不计时候服用。
治伤寒壅热，头痛不可忍受，宜服此方。（出自《圣惠方》）
石膏（二两）、滑石（一两）、黄芩、柴胡（去苗）、赤芍药、前胡（去芦头）、犀角屑、甘草（炙微赤锉）、杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄，各三分）。以上捣筛为散。每服五钱，用水一大盏，加入淡竹叶三七片，煎至五分，去渣，不计时候，稍热服用。
浓朴散 治疗伤寒壮热头痛，烦躁无汗。
浓朴（去粗皮涂生姜汁炙令香熟）、甘草（炙微赤锉）、附子（炮裂去皮脐）、陈橘皮（汤浸去白瓤焙）、麻黄（去根节）、川大黄（锉碎微炒，各一两）、吴茱萸（汤浸七遍焙干微炒）、干姜（炮裂锉）、前胡（去芦头，各半两）。以上捣罗为细散。每服三钱，用水一中盏，加入生姜半分，煎至六分，去生姜，不计时候，和滓稍热服用，盖衣取汗，未出汗再服。
旋复花散（出自《圣惠方》）治疗伤寒头痛，心膈痰壅。
旋复花、甘菊花、川芎（各一两）、甘草（半两，炙微赤锉）、皂荚树白皮（三两，涂酥炙赤色）。以上捣罗为细散。每服二钱，用水一中盏，加入荆芥七穗，煎至六分，不计时候，和滓热服。
甘菊花散 治疗伤寒痰壅头痛，心烦，四肢拘急，不得睡卧。
甘菊花、旋复花、蔓荆子、细辛、枳壳（麸炒微黄去瓤）、甘草（炙微赤锉，各半两）、防风（去芦）、川芎、酸枣仁、葳蕤（各一两）。以上捣粗罗为散。每服三钱，用水一中盏，加入生姜半分，煎至五分，去渣，不计时候，温服。
治伤寒汗后，头痛不解，宜服此方。（出自《圣惠方》）
石膏、太阴玄精石（各一两）、麻黄（二两，去根节）、甘草（半两，炙微赤锉）。以上切碎。每服三钱，水一中盏，加入竹叶二七片，煎至六分，去渣，不计时候，温服。
通顶吹鼻散（出自《圣惠方》）治疗伤寒头痛不止。
藜芦（一分，去芦头）、瓜蒂、马牙硝（各二三钱）、龙脑（研）、麝香（研，各半钱）。以上捣罗为细散，研龙脑、麝香令匀。用少许吹入鼻中，得喷嚏即愈。
黄芩汤（出自《护命方》）治疗伤寒头痛不止。
黄芩（去黑心）、石膏（研）、茵陈蒿、柴胡（去苗）、桔梗（锉炒）、牡丹皮、荆芥穗、栀子仁（各一分）、麻黄（去根节，半两）。以上粗捣筛。每服三钱匕，水一盏，煎至七分，去渣，食后温服。
吴茱萸汤（出自《金匮方》）治疗伤寒厥阴证，干呕吐涎沫，头痛。
吴茱萸（二三两，洗焙）、人参（一两半）。以上切碎如麻豆大。每服五钱匕，水中盏半，加入生姜一枣大拍碎，枣三枚去核，同煎至八分，去渣，温服。若急者阴毒，用甘草汤、白术散、附子汤、肉桂散、回阳丹、反阴丹。至于阴盛隔阳，用霹雳散、火焰散，随经部分选用。
石膏丸（出自《圣济总录》）治疗伤寒头痛痰盛。
石膏（细研水飞过四两）、乌头（去皮脐生用一两）、硝石（研一两半）、太阴玄精石（研二两）。以上捣研为末，和匀如粉。以生姜自然汁，煮面糊和丸，如梧桐子大。每服十丸至十五丸，荆芥茶送下。甚者不过三服。
圣白散（出自《圣济总录》）治疗伤寒头痛壮热，化痰发汗。
附子（一枚大者，炮裂去皮脐）、白附子（生）、天南星（炮，半两）、白芷（一分）、半夏（洗去滑为末，生姜汁和作饼焙干）、麻黄（去根节，各五两）、石膏（碎研，一两）、麝香（研，半钱）。以上捣罗六味为末，入石膏、麝香末，同研令匀。每服半钱匕，热葱茶调下。甚者连进三服。
太一散（出自《王氏博济方》）治疗伤寒头痛。
附子（大者，炮裂去皮脐，一两）、甘草（生）、石苇（去毛，各半两）、石膏（研）、滑石（研，各二两）。以上捣罗三味为细散，入石膏、滑石末，同研匀。每服二钱匕，葱白、薄荷茶调下。
白藓皮汤（出自《圣济总录》）治疗伤寒头痛。
白藓皮、菊花、石膏（研）、荆芥穗（各一两）、桂（去粗皮，一分）、甘草（炙，半两）、麻黄（去节，二两）。以上粗捣筛。每服三钱匕，水一盏，煎七分，去渣，温服。
茶调散（出自《圣济总录》）治疗伤寒头痛不止。
石膏（碎研，二两）、羌活（去芦头生用）、苍术（去皮）、甘草（半生半炙）、川芎、茵陈蒿、荆芥穗（各一两）、桂（去粗皮，半两）。以上捣罗为散。每服一钱匕，用腊茶一钱匕，同葱白汤点热服。
麝香双丸（出自《圣济总录》）治疗伤寒头痛目眩，汗出。
麝香（研）、龙脑（研，各一分）、丹砂（一两半，研）、雄黄（研）、木香、赤箭（各一两）、牛黄（研）、白花蛇肉、乌蛇肉（各酒浸炙）、干蝎（炒去土）、羚羊角（镑，各半两）、天南星（炮）、麻黄（去根节，各二两）、白附子（生）、天麻（酒浸焙）、防风（去叉）、零陵香叶（三分）、藿香叶。以上为末，和匀，炼蜜和丸，如梧桐子大。每服二丸，细嚼，温酒下，不拘时候。
天南星丸（出自《圣济总录》）治疗伤寒头痛。
天南星（末，二两）、石膏（末，一二两，水飞过）。以上填牛胆中，用薄荷包，更用荷叶外包，于风道中挂，以清明节候，入龙脑少许，滴雪水丸如鸡头大。每服一丸，嚼，薄荷汤下之。
石膏汤（出自《王氏博济方》）治疗伤寒头疼不可忍。
石膏（碎）、麻黄（去根节，各一两）、何首乌（去黑皮，半两）、葛根（锉，三分）。以上粗捣筛。每服三钱匕，生姜三片，水一盏，同煎至八分，去渣，温服。
石膏煮散（出自《圣济总录》）治疗伤寒头痛。
石膏（研水飞过，一两半）、旋复花（一两）、白蒺藜（炒）、甘菊花、山栀子仁、茵陈蒿（各半两）、川芎（一两）、太阴玄精石（研，半两）。以上捣罗六味为细末，入石膏等研匀。每服三钱匕，水一盏，加入荆芥少许，同煎至七分，不去渣，温服，不拘时候。
一字散（出自《圣济总录》）治疗伤寒头疼鼻塞。
川芎（一两）、草乌头（炮裂去皮尖，一两半）、石膏（研，二两）、雄黄（二钱，醋浸一宿焙研）。以上捣罗三味为散，入雄黄末，研匀。每服一字，入腊茶半钱匕，葱白一寸，煎汤点服。
瓜蒂散（出自《圣济总录》）治疗伤寒头疼，胸中满，及发寒热，脉紧而不大者，膈上有痰涎。
用瓜蒂一两，捣罗为散。每服一钱匕，温熟水调下，吐涎愈。
人参汤（出自《圣济总录》）治疗伤寒头痛，自汗，壮热，身体拘急，喘粗，骨节酸痛。
人参、甘草（炙，各二两）、桂（去粗皮）、陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙）、白茯苓（去黑皮）、防风（去叉）、五味子、柴胡（去苗，各一两）、附子（炮裂去皮脐）、半夏（生姜汁浸一复时，各半两）。以上锉如麻豆大。每服三钱匕，水一盏，加入生姜二片，枣二枚擘破，同煎至七分，去渣，热服，不拘时候。
麻黄丸（出自《圣济总录》）治疗伤寒，解表，止头痛，兼治破伤风，及一切诸风。
麻黄（去根节汤煮掠去沫焙干）、乌头（水浸三日日易曝干炮裂去皮脐，各四两）、天南星（炮捣末，四两）、半夏（汤洗七遍去滑，四两）、白芷（三两）、石膏（泥裹火煨通赤研，四两）、甘草（炙锉，一两）、龙脑（研，半两）、麝香（研，一分）。上将八味，捣研为末，水煮天南星和丸，如小弹子大。每服一丸，葱茶或葱酒嚼下，薄荷茶亦得。连二三服。此本白龙丸，后又加麻黄，作六两，用寒水石、石膏末为衣，治伤寒至佳。小小伤风，服之立瘥。解表药中，此尤神速。
白雪丸（出自《圣济总录》）治疗伤寒头痛，三日以内可服。
乌头（去皮脐）、附子（去皮脐）、白附子、天南星、天麻、麻黄（去根节）、甘草（并生用，各等分）。以上捣罗为末，水浸宿炊饼和丸，如樱桃大，火煅寒水石粉为衣。每服一丸，热酒或葱茶嚼下，良久以热粥投之。
前胡汤（出自《圣济总录》）治疗初得伤寒，头痛壮热。
前胡（去芦头）、半夏（汤浸七遍去滑生姜汁制切焙）、玄参（坚者）、旋复花、甘草（炙锉）、桂（去粗皮）、黄芩（去黑心）、桔梗（锉炒，各一两）、生干地黄（焙，二两）。以上粗捣筛。每服五钱匕，水一盏半，生姜五片，煎至八分，去渣，热服，不拘时候。
Headache caused by cold damage (Shanghan) occurs because pathogenic factors ascend along the Yang meridians to attack the head. Therefore, conditions such as cold damage (Shanghan), wind strike (Shangfeng), warm disease (Wenbing), heat disease (Rebing), and wind-warm disease (Fengwenbing) all present with headache symptoms. Generally, headaches belong to Yang syndromes. Thus, headache in the Taiyang meridian is invariably accompanied by fever and aversion to cold; headache in the Yangming meridian presents without aversion to cold but with aversion to heat; headache in the Shaoyang meridian features a wiry and fine pulse accompanied by fever. As for the Yin meridians, their channels ascend from the feet to the chest and do not reach the head. Only the Jueyin meridian runs alongside the stomach, connects with the Liver, links with the Gallbladder, follows the throat, ascends to the nasopharynx (Hangsang), connects with the visual system, and emerges at the forehead. Consequently, Zhang Zhongjing only recorded one type of headache related to the Jueyin meridian, which is treated with Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction).
Furthermore, headache in cold damage refers to external pathogenic factors affecting the collaterals on the body surface and ascending to attack the head. The *Nanjing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: "When the three Yang meridians are affected by wind and cold, and the pathogens linger and remain unresolved, it is called 'Jue Headache.' This refers to the fact that the channels of the three Yang meridians ascend to the head." However, headache in cold damage is primarily governed by the Taiyang meridian. Why? Because the Taiyang meridian originates at the inner canthus of the eye, ascends to the forehead, intersects at the vertex, and enters to connect with the brain. The medical classics state that when the Taiyang meridian is affected by disease, there is pain in the head and neck, and stiffness in the lower back and spine. It is also stated that on the seventh day, as the disease declines, the headache subsides slightly. Although the Yangming and Shaoyang meridians also present with headache, they do not govern headache as exclusively as the Taiyang meridian. Generally, diseases of the Taiyang meridian belong to exterior syndromes, and headache serves as a primary manifestation of exterior syndromes. Regardless of whether the pathogen is wind-cold or wind-heat, resolution requires dispersing and releasing the exterior.
In Taiyang disease, if headache, fever, body ache, lower back pain, joint pain, aversion to wind, anhidrosis, and wheezing occur, it is classified as cold damage (Shanghan), treated with Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction). In Taiyang disease, if headache, fever, sweating, and aversion to wind occur, it is classified as wind strike (Zhongfeng), treated with Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). Even if there has been cold damage for six or seven days with constipation, headache, and fever, Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Purge Down Decoction) may be used to purge. It is also said that if urination is clear, it indicates that the heat is not in the interior but remains in the exterior; thus, Guizhi Tang should be administered. Since the headache persists, despite constipation for six or seven days, clear urination confirms the pathology is still in the exterior. This clearly demonstrates that headache belongs to exterior syndromes.
All headaches belong to the three Yang meridians. Do Yin diseases also present with headache? The channels of the Taiyin and Shaoyin meridians ascend only to the neck and chest before returning, and do not ascend to the head; therefore, they do not present with headache. Only the Jueyin channel, running behind the throat, ascending to the nasopharynx, connecting with the visual system, emerging at the forehead, and meeting the Du meridian at the vertex, can present with headache when diseased.
The head is the mansion of clarity and spirit (Jingming), where the divine spirit resides. For mild external pathogens causing headache, dispersing treatment is sufficient. However, if the pain is severe, radiating to the brain, accompanied by cold hands and feet, it is termed "True Pain" (Zhen Tong), which cannot be treated merely by dispersing methods. Alas! Although headache is an external ailment, there are cases that are incurable; how much more so for internal organ diseases?
Additionally, headache in cold damage results from external wind-pathogens entering the brain. When the three Yang meridians are invaded by wind and cold, and the pathogens linger unresolved, they transmit to the Heart and Lungs, causing stagnation in the Upper Jiao, leading to restlessness, nasal congestion, high fever, and headache.
A rhyme states: Aversion to cold and fever indicate the Taiyang meridian; aversion to heat and headache suggest steaming stomach Qi. A wiry and fine pulse with fever clearly indicates Shaoyang headache.
Another saying: The three Yin meridians inherently lack headache; if headache occurs, it belongs to Jueyin. Non-routine headache with phlegm-saliva production requires searching for the dampness patient (Shi Jia).
Another discussion states: For Taiyang disease with aversion to cold, fever, headache, and no sweat, use Mahuang Tang; with sweat, use Guizhi Tang. Whether after sweating or not, if the headache is severe as if breaking, use Lianxu Congbai Tang (Green Onion White Decoction); if ineffective, use Gegen Congbai Tang (Kudzu and Green Onion White Decoction). Yangming headache is due to steaming stomach Qi, treated with Tiaowei Chengqi Tang. Shaoyang headache is treated with Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). Headache due to phlegm-saliva is treated with Gengti Nasal Insufflation Method (Melon Seed Nasal Snuff). Nasal congestion and headache in dampness patients are also treated with Gengti Nasal Insufflation Method; discharge of yellow fluid from the nose leads to recovery. Jueyin headache presents with a faintly floating pulse; floating indicates impending recovery. If not recovered, use Xiaojianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction). External signs of fever resembling malaria also indicate impending recovery; Gui Zhi Ma Huang Ge Ban Tang (Half Cinnamon Twig Half Ephedra Decoction) is suitable.
It is further stated: The three Yin meridians have no headache; only Jueyin has headache. Regarding the Wuzhuyu Tang syndrome, it mentions dry retching, vomiting of saliva/foam, and headache. Some attribute this to Shaoyin. Based on this discussion, Shaoyin does have headache, though rare. Sun Simiao stated: In Shaoyin cold damage, there is no high fever and no headache, confirming its rarity. Shaoyin may have body heat without headache; Jueyin has headache without body heat. Yet, headache is undoubtedly a Yang syndrome.
A rhyme states: Headache with aversion to cold begins in Taiyang; aversion to heat in Yangming, wiry/fine in Gallbladder. Dampness causes nasal congestion and phlegm-fullness; Jueyin presents with dry retching and clear saliva vomiting.
Headache belongs to the three Yang meridians; both Yangming and Shaoyang have it, but Taiyang specifically governs it. Since Taiyang specifically governs headache, most headaches belong to exterior syndromes, while Yangming and Shaoyang are secondary and milder. Because Yin meridians do not ascend to the head, they lack headache. Only Jueyin, connecting the throat to the visual system and vertex, presents with headache, dry retching, and vomiting of saliva, treatable with Wuzhuyu Tang. This syndrome lacks body heat, differing from Yin syndromes. Although Taiyin and Shaoyin channels ascend from foot to chest without reaching the head—making headache absent—there are exceptions. For instance, Fengwen disease in Shaoyin and Shiwen disease in Taiyin can present with headache. Similarly, Yin Du (Yin Toxin) presents with headache. This shows that specific diseases have specific manifestations; meridians are interconnected, and one must not be rigid.
If headache is extremely severe, radiating to the brain, with cold hands and feet, it is True Pain. Even with miraculous pills, can it be saved? For various headaches without heat, Rusheng Bing (Like Sage Cake) is taken with decoction of ginger and green onion white.
For headache with rapid pulse, fever, aversion to cold, but no body pain, and a peaceful Left Hand pulse, this is named Food Accumulation (Shi Ji). Food injury also causes headache with rapid pulse and fever; verification lies in the peaceful Renying pulse on the left hand and absence of body pain. The *Jia Yi Jing* states: "Renying pulse full and tight indicates Cold injury; Qikou pulse full and tight indicates Food injury." The position one-finger-width anterior to the cun guan on the left hand is Renying; similarly on the right is Qikou. Renying governs the exterior; Qikou governs the interior. Differentiation is made thus. Food injury arises from latent heat in the Spleen and Stomach due to undigested food, causing fever resembling cold damage but without body pain, which is the distinction.
If there is diaphragmatic excess with vomiting, and food is in the upper epigastrium, emesis is indicated. If there is abdominal fullness and pain, purgation is indicated. Zhizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder), and Heishen Wan (Black Divine Pill) may be selected.
Formulas:
Shigao San (Gypsum Powder, from *Shenghui Fang*) treats cold damage headache with high fever.
Ingredients: Shigao (Gypsum), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig), Xixin (Asarum), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root, de-lusted), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger, processed and crushed), Bohe (Mint, each half liang), Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, de-rooted and jointed), Chishaoyao (Red Peony Root), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Child, processed, peeled, and navel removed, each 3 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, 1 liang, honey-fried until slightly red and crushed). Pound into coarse powder. Take 4 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, 7 cun of green onion white, and 50 grains of Douchi (Fermented Soybeans). Decoct to 6 fen. Strain. Take lukewarm at any time.
Huangqin San (Scutellaria Powder) treats cold damage headache, mental restlessness and heat, and limb discomfort.
Ingredients: Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, slightly red, crushed, each half liang), Chishaoyao (Red Peony Root), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig), Xixin (Asarum, each 3 fen), Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, de-rooted and jointed), Qianhu (Peucedanum Root, de-lusted, each 1 liang), Shigao (Gypsum, 2 liang). Pound and sieve into powder. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water. Decoct to 6 fen. Strain. Take at any time.
Treats cold damage with stagnant heat, unbearable headache. (From *Shenghui Fang*)
Ingredients: Shigao (Gypsum, 2 liang), Huashi (Talcum, 1 liang), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Chaihu (Bupleurum Root, de-tipped), Chishaoyao (Red Peony Root), Qianhu (Peucedanum Root, de-lusted), Xijiaoxie (Rhinoceros Horn Shavings), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, slightly red, crushed), Xingren (Apricot Seed, soaked in water, skin and pointed end removed, double-kernel, bran-fried until slightly yellow, each 3 fen). Pound and sieve into powder. Take 5 qian per dose. Add 1 large zhong of water, 37 slices of Danzhuye (Light Bamboo Leaf). Decoct to 5 fen. Strain. Take lukewarm at any time.
Nongpu San (Magnolia Bark Powder) treats cold damage with high fever, headache, irritability, and anhidrosis.
Ingredients: Nongpu (Magnolia Bark, remove rough bark, coat with ginger juice, fry until fragrant), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, slightly red, crushed), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Child, processed, peeled, navel removed), Chenjupi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soak in water, remove white pith, bake), Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, de-rooted and jointed), Chuandahuang (Sichuan Rhubarb, crushed and lightly fried, each 1 liang), Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit, soak in water seven times, bake dry, lightly fried), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger, processed and crushed), Qianhu (Peucedanum Root, de-lusted, each half liang). Pound and sieve into fine powder. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger. Decoct to 6 fen. Remove ginger. Take residue and liquid lukewarm at any time. Cover with clothing to induce sweat. If no sweat, take again.
Xuanfuhua San (Inula Flower Powder, from *Shenghui Fang*) treats cold damage headache, phlegm obstruction in heart and diaphragm.
Ingredients: Xuanfuhua (Inula Flower), Ganjuhua (Chrysanthemum Morifolium Flower), Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Rhizome, each 1 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, half liang, honey-fried, slightly red, crushed), Zaojia Shu Baipi (Soapberry Tree White Bark, 3 liang, coat with lard, fry until red). Pound and sieve into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, 7 sprigs of Jingjie (Schizonepeta Spike). Decoct to 6 fen. Take residue and liquid hot at any time.
Ganjuhua San (Chrysanthemum Powder) treats cold damage with phlegm obstruction headache, restlessness, limb rigidity, and insomnia.
Ingredients: Ganjuhua (Chrysanthemum Morifolium Flower), Xuanfuhua (Inula Flower), Manjingzi (Vittex Seed), Xixin (Asarum), Zhike (Bitter Orange Fruit, bran-fried until slightly yellow, de-pithed), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, slightly red, crushed, each half liang), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root, de-lusted), Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Rhizome), Suanzaoren (Ziziphus Seed), Weirui (Polygonatum Rhizome, each 1 liang). Pound into coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger. Decoct to 5 fen. Strain. Take warm at any time.
Treats persistent headache after sweating in cold damage. (From *Shenghui Fang*)
Ingredients: Shigao (Gypsum), Taiyin Xuanjingshi (Taiyin Crystal Stone, each 1 liang), Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, 2 liang, de-rooted and jointed), Gancao (Licorice Root, half liang, honey-fried, slightly red, crushed). Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, 14 slices of Zhu Ye (Bamboo Leaf). Decoct to 6 fen. Strain. Take warm at any time.
Tongding Chuibi San (Top-Piercing Nasal Insufflation Powder, from *Shenghui Fang*) treats persistent headache in cold damage.
Ingredients: Lilu (Veratrum Root, 1 fen, de-lusted), Gengdi (Melon Seed), Mayaxiao (Saltpeter, 2-3 fen), Longnao (Borneol, pounded), Shexiang (Musk, pounded, each half qian). Pound and sieve into fine powder. Mix pounded Borneol and Musk evenly. Apply a small amount into the nose. Recovery occurs upon sneezing.
Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction, from *Huming Fang*) treats persistent headache in cold damage.
Ingredients: Huangqin (Scutellaria Root, remove black heart), Shigao (Gypsum, pounded), Yinchenshao (Artemisia Capillaris Herb), Chaihu (Bupleurum Root, de-tipped), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root, crushed and fried), Mudanpi (Tree Peony Bark), Jingjiesui (Schizonepeta Flower Spike), Zhizi Ren (Gardenia Seed, each 1 fen), Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, de-rooted and jointed, half liang). Coarsely pound and sieve. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water. Decoct to 7 fen. Strain. Take warm after meals.
Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction, from *Jingui Fang*) treats Jueyin syndrome in cold damage, with dry retching, vomiting of saliva/foam, and headache.
Ingredients: Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit, 2-3 liang, washed and baked), Renshen (Ginseng Root, 1.5 liang). Cut into pieces like hemp seeds. Take 5 qian per dose. Add 1.5 zhong of water, 1 date-sized piece of fresh ginger (smashed), and 3 dates (pitted). Decoct together to 8 fen. Strain. Take warm. For acute Yin Toxin, use Gancao Tang (Licorice Decoction), Baizhu San (Atractylodes Powder), Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction), Rougui San (Cinnamon Bark Powder), Huiyang Dan (Restore Yang Pill), Fanyin Dan (Reverse Yin Pill). For Yin excess blocking Yang, use Pili San (Thunderbolt Powder), Huoyan San (Flame Powder). Select according to the meridian involved.
Shigao Wan (Gypsum Pill, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats cold damage headache with abundant phlegm.
Ingredients: Shigao (Gypsum, finely pounded and water-washed, 4 liang), Wutou (Aconite Mother Root, peeled and navel removed, raw, 1 liang), Xiaoshi (Niter, pounded, 1.5 liang), Taiyin Xuanjingshi (Taiyin Crystal Stone, pounded, 2 liang). Pound and grind into powder, mix uniformly like flour. Use natural ginger juice to cook wheat paste and form pills like paulownia seeds. Take 10-15 pills per dose, down with Schizonepeta tea. For severe cases, no more than three doses.
Shengbai San (Holy White Powder, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats cold damage headache with high fever, resolving phlegm and inducing sweat.
Ingredients: Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Child, one large, processed, peeled, navel removed), Baifuzi (White Aconite, raw), Tiannanxing (Pinellia Tuber, processed, half liang), Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica Root, 1 fen), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber, washed, slime removed, pounded, mixed with ginger juice into cakes, baked dry), Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, de-rooted and jointed, each 5 liang), Shigao (Gypsum, crushed and pounded, 1 liang), Shexiang (Musk, pounded, half qian). Pound the first six ingredients into powder. Add Gypsum and Musk powders, grind uniformly. Take half qian per dose, mixed with hot green onion tea. For severe cases, take three consecutive doses.
Taiyi San (Supreme One Powder, from *Wangshi Boji Fang*) treats cold damage headache.
Ingredients: Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Child, large, processed, peeled, navel removed, 1 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, raw), Shiwei (Pyrrosia Leaf, de-hairy, each half liang), Shigao (Gypsum, pounded), Huashi (Talcum, pounded, each 2 liang). Pound the first three ingredients into fine powder. Add Gypsum and Talcum powders, mix uniformly. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with green onion white and Mint tea.
Baixianpi Tang (Phellodendron Bark Decoction, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats cold damage headache.
Ingredients: Baixianpi (Phellodendron Bark), Juhua (Chrysanthemum Flower), Shigao (Gypsum, pounded), Jingjiesui (Schizonepeta Flower Spike, each 1 liang), Gui (Cinnamon Bark, remove rough bark, 1 fen), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, half liang), Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, de-jointed, 2 liang). Coarsely pound and sieve. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water. Decoct to 7 fen. Strain. Take warm.
Chatiao San (Tea-Regulating Powder, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats persistent headache in cold damage.
Ingredients: Shigao (Gypsum, crushed and pounded, 2 liang), Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizome, de-lusted, raw), Cangzhu (Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome, peeled), Gancao (Licorice Root, half raw, half honey-fried), Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Rhizome), Yinchenshao (Artemisia Capillaris Herb), Jingjiesui (Schizonepeta Flower Spike, each 1 liang), Gui (Cinnamon Bark, remove rough bark, half liang). Pound and sieve into powder. Take 1 qian per dose. Mix with 1 qian of winter tea and green onion white soup. Point and take hot.
Shexiang Shuangwan (Musk Double Pills, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats cold damage headache, dizziness, and sweating.
Ingredients: Shexiang (Musk, pounded), Longnao (Borneol, pounded, each 1 fen), Dansha (Cinnabar, pounded, 1.5 liang), Xionghuang (Realgar, pounded), Muxiang (Aucklandia Root), Chijian (Astragalus Complanatus Seedpod, each 1 liang), Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis, pounded), Baihuashe Rou (Bungarus Parvus Meat), Wushe Rou (Agkistrodon Venomous Snake Meat, each wine-soaked and fried), Ganxie (Dried Scorpion, fried and de-dirtied), Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn, shaved, each half liang), Tiannanxing (Pinellia Tuber, processed), Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, de-rooted and jointed, each 2 liang), Baifuzi (White Aconite, raw), Tianma (Gastrodia Rhizome, wine-soaked and baked), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root, de-bristled), Lingxiangye (Lysimachiae Folium, 3 fen), Huoxiangye (Pogostemon Leaf). Process into powder, mix honey, form pills like paulownia seeds. Take 2 pills per dose, chew thoroughly, swallow with warm wine. At any time.
Tiannanxing Wan (Pinellia Tuber Pill, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats cold damage headache.
Ingredients: Tiannanxing (Pinellia Tuber, pounded, 2 liang), Shigao (Gypsum, pounded, 1-2 liang, water-washed). Fill into ox gallbladder. Wrap with Mint, then outer wrap with Lotus Leaf. Hang in a windy place during Qingming Festival. Add a little Borneol. Drop snow water to form pills like Job's tears. Take 1 pill per dose, chew, swallow with Mint decoction.
Shigao Tang (Gypsum Decoction, from *Wangshi Boji Fang*) treats unbearable headache in cold damage.
Ingredients: Shigao (Gypsum, crushed), Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, de-rooted and jointed, each 1 liang), Heshouwu (Polygonum Multiflorum Root, remove black skin, half liang), Gegen (Kudzu Root, crushed, 3 fen). Coarsely pound and sieve. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 3 slices of fresh ginger, 1 zhong of water. Decoct together to 8 fen. Strain. Take warm.
Shigao Zhusan (Gypsum Boiled Powder, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats cold damage headache.
Ingredients: Shigao (Gypsum, pounded and water-washed, 1.5 liang), Xuanfuhua (Inula Flower, 1 liang), Baijili (Tribulus Fruit, fried), Ganjuhua (Chrysanthemum Morifolium Flower), Shanzhizi Ren (Gardenia Seed, half liang), Yinchenshao (Artemisia Capillaris Herb, half liang), Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Rhizome, 1 liang), Taiyin Xuanjingshi (Taiyin Crystal Stone, pounded, half liang). Pound the first six ingredients into fine powder. Add Gypsum etc., grind uniformly. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, a little Jingjie (Schizonepeta). Decoct together to 7 fen. Do not strain. Take warm. At any time.
Yizi San (One-Character Powder, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats cold damage headache and nasal congestion.
Ingredients: Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Rhizome, 1 liang), Caowutou (Grass Aconite Root, processed, peeled, pointed end removed, 1.5 liang), Shigao (Gypsum, pounded, 2 liang), Xionghuang (Realgar, 2 qian, soaked in vinegar overnight, baked and pounded). Pound the first three ingredients into powder. Add Realgar powder, grind uniformly. Take "one character" (approx. 1-2 grams) per dose. Add half qian of winter tea, 1 cun of green onion white. Decoct in water and take.
Gengti San (Melon Seed Powder, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats cold damage headache, chest fullness, chills and fever, tight but not large pulse, and phlegm-saliva above the diaphragm.
Use 1 liang of Gengdi (Melon Seed). Pound and sieve into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with warm cooked water. Vomiting of phlegm-saliva leads to recovery.
Renshen Tang (Ginseng Decoction, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats cold damage headache, spontaneous sweating, high fever, body rigidity, rapid breathing, and bone/joint soreness.
Ingredients: Renshen (Ginseng Root), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, each 2 liang), Gui (Cinnamon Bark, remove rough bark), Chenjupi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soak in water, remove white pith, bake), Baifuling (Poria, remove black skin), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root, de-bristled), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit), Chaihu (Bupleurum Root, de-tipped, each 1 liang), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Child, processed, peeled, navel removed), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber, soaked in ginger juice for one full period, each half liang). Cut into pieces like hemp seeds. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, 2 slices of fresh ginger, 2 dates (split). Decoct together to 7 fen. Strain. Take hot. At any time.
Mahuang Wan (Ephedra Pill, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats cold damage, releases the exterior, stops headache, and also treats broken wind trauma and all types of wind disorders.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, de-rooted and jointed, boiled in water to remove foam, baked dry), Wutou (Aconite Mother Root, soaked in water for three days, changed daily, dried, processed, peeled, navel removed, each 4 liang), Tiannanxing (Pinellia Tuber, processed and pounded, 4 liang), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber, washed in water seven times to remove slime, 4 liang), Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica Root, 3 liang), Shigao (Gypsum, wrapped in mud, fired until red-hot, pounded, 4 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried and crushed, 1 liang), Longnao (Borneol, pounded, half liang), Shexiang (Musk, pounded, 1 fen). Pound the first eight ingredients into powder. Boil Pinellia in water, mix with paste to form pills like small marbles. Take 1 pill per dose, chew with green onion tea or green onion wine. Mint tea is also acceptable. Take 2-3 consecutive doses. This was originally Bailong Wan, later added Ephedra (6 liang total), coated with Hydrocerussite and Gypsum powder. Excellent for cold damage. Effective immediately for minor wind strikes. Among exterior-releasing formulas, this is particularly swift.
Baixue Wan (White Snow Pill, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats cold damage headache. Can be taken within three days.
Ingredients: Wutou (Aconite Mother Root, peeled and navel removed), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Child, peeled and navel removed), Baifuzi (White Aconite), Tiannanxing (Pinellia Tuber), Tianma (Gastrodia Rhizome), Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, de-rooted and jointed), Gancao (Licorice Root, all raw, equal parts). Pound and sieve into powder. Soak in water overnight, mix with steamed dough to form pills like cherries. Coat with fire-calcined Hydrocerussite powder. Take 1 pill per dose, chew with hot wine or green onion tea. After a while, follow with hot porridge.
Qianhu Tang (Peucedanum Decoction, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats initial cold damage with headache and high fever.
Ingredients: Qianhu (Peucedanum Root, de-lusted), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber, soaked in water seven times, slime removed, prepared with ginger juice, cut, and baked), Xuanshen (Scrophularia Root, firm ones), Xuanfuhua (Inula Flower), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried and crushed), Gui (Cinnamon Bark, remove rough bark), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root, remove black heart), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root, crushed and fried, each 1 liang), Shenggan Dihuang (Dried Rehmannia Root, baked, 2 liang). Coarsely pound and sieve. Take 5 qian per dose. Add 1.5 zhong of water, 5 slices of fresh ginger. Decoct to 8 fen. Strain. Take hot. At any time.
Sibai San (Four Whites Powder, from *Shengji Zonglu*) treats cold damage headache, body heat, and pain in all joints.