夫肾者。水脏。膀胱者。津液之府。二经为表里。伤寒热入于脏。流于少阴之经。则肾
受病矣。水恶燥。热盛则燥。故渴而引饮。又伤寒邪气。非发汗吐下。则不能除。发汗吐下
过甚。则亡津液耗少。热气内生。亦令渴也。伤寒病。烦渴者。发汗吐下以后。脏腑空虚。
津液竭绝。肾家有余热。故使其烦渴也。伤寒渴者。里有热也。伤寒之邪。自表传至里。则
必有各证随其邪浅深而见焉。虽曰一日在皮。二日在肤。三日在肌。四日在胸。五日在腹。
六日入胃。其传经者。又有证形焉。太阳主气。而先受邪。当一二日发。头项痛而腰脊强者
是矣。太阳传阳明。则二三日发。身热。目疼鼻干。不得卧也。阳明传少阳。三四日。胸膈
痛而耳聋。此三阳皆受病。为邪在表。而犹未甚作热。故不言渴。至四五日。少阳传太阴。
则邪气渐入里。寒邪渐成热。当此之时也。津液耗少。故腹满而溢干。至五六日。太阴传少
阴。是里热又渐深也。当此之时也。则津液为热所传。渐耗而干。故口燥舌干而渴。及至六
七日。则少阴之邪传于厥阴。厥阴之为病。消渴。为里热已极矣。所谓消渴者。饮水多而小
便少。是谓热能消水也。所谓伤寒病。至六七日。而渴欲饮水。为欲愈之病。以其传经已尽
故也。是以厥阴病。云渴欲饮水。少少与之愈者是也。邪气初传入里。热气散漫。未收敛成
热。里蒸焦膈。传耗津液。遂成渴也。病患虽渴欲饮水。又不可多与之。若饮水过多。热少
不能消。故复为停饮诸疾。经曰。凡得时气病。至五六日。渴欲饮水。水饮不能多。勿多与
也。何者。以腹中热尚少。不能消之。便更与人作病也。若大渴欲饮水。犹当根据证与之。与
之常令不足。勿极意也。言能饮一斗。与五升。又曰。渴欲饮水。少少与之。但以法救之。
渴者宜五苓散。至于大渴欲饮水数升者。白虎加人参汤主之。皆欲润其燥。而生津液也。凡
得病。反能饮水。此为欲愈之病。其不晓病者。但闻病饮水自瘥。小渴者。乃强与饮之。因
成大祸。不可复救。然则悸动也。交结也。喘咳。噎哕。干呕。肿满。小便不利。数者。皆
是饮水过伤。而诊病之工。当须识此。勿令误也。
歌括云。热气熏蒸。津液耗少。所以发渴。热邪深浅。条例不同。然是渴者。大热。里
有热也。
或曰。又经外证。犹少阴曰渴。厥阴属肝。心之母也。病主消渴。饮水多而小便少。是
其里热也极已。子气乘母。于是挟心火以为烦。惟烦则消矣。凡烦证用药。并去半夏。以其
烦躁而逐水也。若先呕后渴者。则为欲解。当与之水。先渴后呕者。则为水停心下。属赤茯
汤。
活人书曰。脉浮。渴。属太阳寒表不解。心下有水气而渴者。小青龙去半夏。加栝蒌汤。
太阳病。桂枝证。大汗出后。大烦渴者。白虎加人参、栝蒌。脉浮。小便不利。微热。消渴
者。五苓散。伤寒四五日。身热恶风。胁下满。手足温而渴者。小柴胡去半夏。加人参、栝
蒌根主之。太阳证。身体拘热而渴者。小柴胡去半夏。为风温。栝蒌根汤主之。有汗而渴者。
属阳明。白虎加人参汤主之。虚人老人。及春秋月。可与竹叶石膏汤。阳明病。但头汗出。
小便不利。渴引水浆。身必发黄。茵陈汤。小柴胡去半夏。加人参、栝蒌根汤。伤气寒热。
或发热恶风而渴。属少阳。少阳胁下硬。不大便。而舌上白胎而渴。小柴胡去半夏。加人参
栝蒌根汤。自利而渴。属少阴。伤寒。热入于脏。流于少阴之经。少阴主肾。肾恶燥。故渴
而引饮。少阴下利。咳而呕渴。猪苓汤主之。不利。欲饮水者。以有热也。白头翁汤主之。
切戒太阳证无汗而渴者。不可与白虎汤。仲景云。渴欲饮水。无表证者。白虎加人参汤。脉
浮。发热无汗。是表未解也。不可与白虎汤。意以小柴胡去半夏。加栝蒌人参也。伤寒四五
日。身热恶风。胁下不满。手足温而渴者。小柴胡去半夏。加栝蒌、人参也。阳明证。汗多
而渴者。不可与五苓散。汗多胃中燥者。苓。复利小便故也。意以竹叶汤与之。仲景云。阳
明病发作者。有时汗出。多言。急下之。然太阳病渴。终不可与白虎耶。太阳证。得汗后。
脉洪大而渴者。方可与之也。阳明病渴。终不可与五苓散耶。阳明证。小便不利。汗少。脉
浮而渴者。方可与之。此皆仲景之妙也。仲景猪苓汤证。亦云脉浮发热。渴饮水。小便不利
者。猪苓汤主之。凡病非大渴。不可与水。小渴。咽干者。少少呷。滋润之。令胃中和。若
大渴烦躁甚。能饮一斗者。与五升饮之。若全不与。则干燥无由作汗。发喘而死。常人见因
渴饮水得汗。小渴遂剧饮之。致停饮心下满结。喘死者甚众。当以五苓散。或陷胸丸与之。
得时气。至五六日。而渴欲饮水。水不能多。不当与也。何者。以腹中热尚少。不能消
之。便更为人作病矣。至七八日。大渴欲饮水。犹当根据证与。常令不足。勿极意也。凡人但
见仲景云。得病反能饮水。此为愈。遂小渴者。乃强饮之。因成其祸。不可胜数。大抵伤寒
水气。皆因饮水过多。致水停心下。气上乘心。则为悸为咳。结于胸胁。则为水结胸。胃中
虚冷。则呕。为哕。令气相搏。则为噎。上迫于肺。则为咳。渍入肠中。则为利。邪热所搏。
蓄
黑奴丸主之。中暑伏热深。累取不瘥。其人发咳不已。酒蒸黄连丸主之。伤寒有所不利者。
行之。取其渗泄也。渴而饮。停者有躁。而烦满者。有病气去。而水气不得行者。其表里得
见烦躁。口燥欲饮水。水入即病气去。而水气不得化。头痛发热。身疼痛。欲饮水者。有发
热汗出。复恶寒。不呕。心下痞者。并宜五苓散。其脉浮。发热。渴欲饮水。小便不利。少
阴病。下利。六七日。咳而呕渴。心烦不得眠者。宜与猪苓散。其大病瘥后。从腰以下。有
水气者。牡蛎泽泻散。此利水道。渗泄之意也。口燥咽干。脾脏有热。则津液故少。令口燥
而舌干。仲景云。伤寒无热。口燥渴而烦。背微寒者。白虎汤加人参也。又云。阳明病。渴
欲饮水。口干舌燥者。白虎加人参汤主之。若咽干者。慎不可发汗。发汗则重亡津液。少阳
证。口苦咽干者。小柴胡汤。少阴证。口燥咽干者。急下之。病患默默欲眠。目不能闭。起
居不安。其声嗄。或咽干者。当作孤惑治之。
方
人参散 治伤寒大汗后。烦渴。热不解。脉大者。
人参（一两去芦头） 知母（一两） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 石膏（二两） 上捣粗
。罗为
散。每服五钱。水一大盏。入生姜半分。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
猪苓散 治伤寒脉浮。发热。渴欲饮水。小便不利。
猪苓（去黑皮） 赤茯苓 秦艽（去芦头） 滑石 泽泻（以上各一两） 甘草（半两
炙微赤
锉）
犀角散（出圣惠方）治伤寒身体大热。小便黄赤。烦渴不止。心中闷绝。言语
错乱。睡多惊
犀角屑（一两） 人参（三分去芦头） 赤茯苓（半两） 茵陈（半两） 细辛（半两）
陈橘皮
（半两汤浸去白瓤） 麻黄（半两去根节） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 上捣粗。罗为散。每
服五钱。
水一大盏。入生姜半分。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
黄芩散（出圣惠方）治伤寒吐下后。内外有热。烦渴不止。
黄芩 人参（去芦头） 甘草（炙微赤锉） 麦门冬（去心） 柴胡 葛根（锉以上各
一两）
桂心（半两） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服二钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。枣二枚。煎至五分。
去
滓。不计时候。温服。
栝蒌根散（出圣惠方）治伤寒大肠秘涩。烦躁不止。
栝蒌根（一两） 黄芩（一两） 人参（半两去芦头） 川大黄（一两锉碎微炒） 栀
子仁（半
两） 川芒硝（一两） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服五钱。水一大盏。
煎至
五分。去滓。不计时候服。如人行十里。再服。以利为度。
治伤寒下后。烦渴。宜服此方。（出圣惠方）
麦门冬（一两去心） 五味子（一两） 人参（一两去芦头） 甘草（一两炙微赤锉圣
济作半
两） 石膏（一两） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服三钱。水一中盏。煎至五分。不计时候。去滓。
温服。
土瓜根散（出圣惠方）治伤寒烦渴不止。
土瓜根（一两） 麦门冬（一两去心） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 枇杷叶（半两拭去毛
炙微黄
圣济作一两） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服四钱。水一中盏。煎至六分。不计时候。去滓。温服。
圣
黄 散（出圣惠方）治伤寒烦渴不止。
黄 （锉） 麦门冬（去心） 黄芩 葛根（锉） 枇杷叶（拭去毛炙微黄） 栀子仁 人
参
（去芦头） 赤茯苓 柴胡（去苗） 赤芍药 甘草（炙微赤锉以上各半两） 上捣粗。罗
为散。
每服
茵陈散（出圣惠方）治伤寒头项汗出。身体无汗。小便不利。渴欲饮水者。是
瘀热在里。身
茵陈 栀子仁 川大黄（锉碎微炒） 木通（锉以上各一两） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 上
捣
粗。罗为散。每服五钱。水一大盏。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。温服。如人行十里。再服。
以小便快利为度。
石膏汤（出圣惠方）治伤寒已大汗后。不利。其人烦渴不解。其脉洪大。
石膏 知母 地骨皮 甘草（炙微赤锉） 人参（去芦头各一两） 上捣粗。罗为散。
每服
五钱。水一大盏。入粳米一百粒。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
麻黄散（出圣惠方）治伤寒壮热。烦渴。头痛。
麻黄（去根节） 葛根（锉） 知母 柴胡 栀子仁 陈橘皮（汤浸去白瓤焙） 甘草
（炙微
赤锉以上各半两） 石膏（二两）上捣粗。罗为散。每服三钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。煎
至
五分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
麦门冬散（出圣惠方）治伤寒下后。上气。烦渴不止。
麦门冬（去心） 五味子 人参（去芦头） 葛根（锉） 甘草（炙微赤锉） 石膏 芎
桑
根白皮（锉各一两） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服五钱。水一大盏。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。
温服。
半夏散（出圣惠方）治伤寒呕吐。烦欲饮水。
半夏（三分汤洗七次去滑） 芦根（一两锉） 赤茯苓 泽泻（三分） 桂心（半两） 甘
草
（一分炙微赤锉） 麦门冬（三分去心） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服三钱。水一中盏。入生姜
半分。
煎
治伤寒头痛。骨节烦疼。或已吐下。余热不尽。口干烦渴。
麻黄（去根节一两） 知母（一两半） 葛根（一两半锉） 石膏（二两半圣济作两半）
甘草
（一两炙微赤锉） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服五钱。水一大盏。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。
温
服。圣济名葛根麻黄汤。
竹茹饮子（出圣惠方）治伤寒吐利后。烦渴不止。
青竹茹（一鸡子大） 人参（去芦头半两） 乌梅肉（二枚） 上件药。细锉。水一大
盏。煎
至五分。去滓。不计时候。温。频服。
青葙子丸（出圣惠方）治伤寒后。热结在胸膈。烦渴。
青葙子（二两外台作五两） 黄芩（一两） 龙胆（一两去芦头外台作三两） 栀子仁
（一两）
苦参（锉一两） 黄柏（锉一两外台作二两） 栝蒌根（一两） 上捣罗为末。炼蜜为丸如
桐子
大。
治伤寒心神热躁。口干烦渴。（出圣惠方）
秦艽（一两去苗） 上细锉。以牛乳一大盏。煎至六分。去滓。不计时候。分温二服。
又方（出圣惠方）
栝蒌（二两） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服三钱。水一中盏。入新竹叶二十七片。煎至五分。
去滓。不计时候。温服。圣济不用竹叶。
知母汤（出圣济总录）治伤寒数日不解。心躁烦乱。小腹胀急。脐下闷痛。大
渴喘之。
知母（焙） 芍药 麦门冬（去心焙） 柴胡（去苗） 泽泻（各三分） 石膏（一两
半） 黄芩
（去黑心） 甘草（炙各半两） 上粗捣筛。每服三钱。水一盏。入生姜一枣大。拍碎。竹
叶三
七
葛根饮（出圣济总录）治伤寒头痛。燥渴。不得眠睡。四肢烦痛。
葛根（锉） 黄芩 大青 石膏（碎） 人参（各一两） 甘草（炙半两） 上粗捣筛。
每服三
钱。水一盏。煎至六分。去滓。温服。
葛根石膏汤（出圣济总录）治伤寒下后。头疼。口干烦渴。
葛根（锉） 麦门冬（去心焙） 黄芩（去黑心） 升麻（各一两） 石膏（碎一两半）
甘草
（炙半两） 上粗捣筛。每服三钱。水一盏。煎至七分。去滓。温服。不拘时。
黄芩芦根汤（出圣济总录）治伤寒吐下后。内外有热。烦渴不止。
黄芩（去黑心） 芦根 人参 赤茯苓（去黑皮各一两） 桂（去粗皮半两） 上粗捣
筛。每
服五钱。水一盏半。入生姜一枣大。拍碎。枣三枚。擘破。同煎至八分。去滓。温服。不拘
时。
芍药黄连汤（出圣济总录）治伤寒温病吐下。有余热。烦渴不止。
肾脏，是水液代谢的脏；膀胱，是津液汇聚的府。这两条经脉互为表里。伤寒热邪侵入脏腑，流注于少阴经，则肾脏受病。水液厌恶燥热，热盛则导致燥，所以出现口渴而想饮水的症状。另外，伤寒邪气，如果不通过发汗、催吐或泻下法，就不能消除。如果发汗、催吐、泻下过度，会导致津液亡失、耗损减少，热气内生，也会引起口渴。伤寒病中出现的烦渴，是在发汗、催吐、泻下之后，脏腑空虚，津液枯竭，肾家有余热，从而导致烦渴。伤寒口渴，是因为里有热邪。伤寒的邪气，从体表传入体内，必然会有各种证候随着邪气的深浅而出现。虽然常说第一天邪气在皮肤，第二天在肤腠，第三天在肌肉，第四天在胸膈，第五天在腹部，第六天进入胃腑。但那些传经的病证，又有不同的证状表现。太阳主司气化，最先感受邪气，通常在发病一二日时出现，症状如头项疼痛、腰脊强直等。太阳病传给阳明，则在二三日时发作，症状为身体发热、眼睛疼痛、鼻子干燥、无法安卧。阳明病传给少阳，在三四日时发作，症状为胸膈疼痛且耳聋。这三阳经都受到病邪侵袭，因为邪气还在体表，尚未严重化热，所以不提及口渴。到了四五日，少阳病传给太阴，则邪气逐渐深入体内，寒邪逐渐转化为热邪。在这个时候，津液耗损减少，所以出现腹部胀满且口中干燥。到了五六日，太阴病传给少阴，这是里热又进一步加深。在这个时候，津液被热邪熏蒸，逐渐消耗而干枯，所以出现口燥舌干而口渴。及至六七日，少阴的邪气传给厥阴。厥阴病的症状是消渴，这是因为里热已经极盛。所谓消渴，是指饮水多而小便少，这叫做热能消耗水液。所谓伤寒病，到了六七日，出现想喝水的症状，这是将要痊愈的病证，因为传经的过程已经结束。所以对于厥阴病，说“想喝水，少量给予即可痊愈”就是这个道理。邪气刚刚传入体内，热气散漫，尚未收敛成实热，里热熏蒸焦灼膈膜，传导消耗津液，于是形成口渴。病人虽然想喝水，但又不能大量给予。如果饮水过多，少量的热邪不能消化这些水液，因此又会形成停饮的各种疾病。医经说：“凡是患时令疫病，到了五六日，想喝水，饮水不能过多，不要大量给予。”为什么呢？因为腹中的热邪还很少，不能消化水液，反而会给人体带来新的病患。如果极度口渴想喝水，还应当根据证候给予饮水。给予饮水时要常令其不足，不要过分满足。意思是能喝一斗水的，只给五升。又说：“想喝水，少量给予，只要按照法则救治即可。对于口渴者，适宜用五苓散。至于极度口渴想喝几升水的，由白虎加人参汤主治。”这些都是为了滋润燥热，滋生津液。凡是患病，反而能喝水，这是将要痊愈的病证。那些不懂医术的人，只是听说病人喝水后自愈，对于轻微口渴的病人，就强行让他们饮水，因而造成大祸，不可挽救。然而，心悸、结胸、喘咳、噎逆、干呕、肿胀胀满、小便不利等数种病症，都是由于饮水过伤所致，诊治疾病的医生，应当认识这一点，不要弄错。
歌诀说：热气熏蒸，津液耗损减少，所以发生口渴。热邪的深浅不同，治疗条例也不同。但是凡是有口渴症状的，都是大热，里有热邪。
有人问：除了上述经证外，还有少阴经也提到口渴。厥阴属肝，是心的母脏。病证主要表现为消渴，饮水多而小便少，这说明里热已经极盛。子气乘袭母气，于是挟带心火而产生烦躁。只有烦躁才会消耗津液。凡是治疗烦躁证的药物，都应去掉半夏，因为它是用来逐水的。如果先呕吐后口渴，则是病情将要解除，可以给予饮水；如果先口渴后呕吐，则是水饮停在心下，属于赤茯苓汤的主治范围。
《活人书》说：脉浮、口渴，属于太阳寒邪在表未解；心下有停水气而导致口渴的，用小青龙汤去掉半夏，加栝蒌根汤。太阳病，桂枝证，大汗出后，出现严重烦躁和口渴的，用白虎加人参、栝蒌汤。脉浮，小便不利，微热，消渴的，用五苓散。伤寒四五日，身体发热怕风，胁下胀满，手足温暖而口渴的，用小柴胡汤去掉半夏，加人参、栝蒌根主治。太阳证，身体拘急发热而口渴的，用小柴胡汤去掉半夏，诊断为风温，用栝蒌根汤主治。有汗且口渴的，属于阳明病，用白虎加人参汤主治。体虚的老人，以及春秋季节，可以用竹叶石膏汤。阳明病，仅头部出汗，小便不利，口渴想喝浆水，身体一定会发黄，用茵陈汤。小柴胡汤去掉半夏，加人参、栝蒌根汤。伤气引起的寒热，或者发热怕风而口渴，属于少阳病。少阳病胁下硬满，不大便，且舌上有白苔而口渴，用小柴胡汤去掉半夏，加人参、栝蒌根汤。自利（腹泻）而口渴，属于少阴病。伤寒，热邪侵入脏腑，流注于少阴经。少阴主肾，肾厌恶燥，所以口渴想饮水。少阴病下利，咳嗽且呕吐、口渴，用猪苓汤主治。不下利，想喝水的，是因为有热，用白头翁汤主治。切戒太阳证无汗而口渴的，不可给予白虎汤。张仲景说：“想喝水，没有表证的，用白虎加人参汤。脉浮，发热无汗，说明表证未解，不可给予白虎汤。”意即用小柴胡汤去掉半夏，加栝蒌、人参。伤寒四五日，身体发热怕风，胁下不满，手足温暖而口渴的，用小柴胡汤去掉半夏，加栝蒌、人参。阳明证，汗多而口渴的，不可给予五苓散。汗多导致胃中干燥，五苓散会再次通利小便，故不宜用。意即用竹叶汤给予。张仲景说：“阳明病发作时，有时出汗，多言，应紧急攻下。”那么太阳病口渴，终究不可给予白虎汤吗？太阳证，得汗后，脉洪大而口渴的，才可以给予。阳明病口渴，终究不可给予五苓散吗？阳明证，小便不利，汗少，脉浮而口渴的，才可以给予。这都是张仲景用药的精妙之处。张仲景猪苓汤证，也说脉浮发热，口渴想饮水，小便不利的，用猪苓汤主治。凡是生病，如果不是极度口渴，不可给水。轻微口渴、咽干的，要少量啜饮，以滋润之，使胃气调和。如果极度口渴、烦躁严重，能喝一斗水的，给五升水饮用。如果完全不给予，则身体干燥无法作汗，引发喘促而死。常人看见因喝水出汗而病愈，轻微口渴就剧烈饮水，导致停饮在心下满结，因喘促死亡的很多。应当用五苓散，或陷胸丸给予。患时令病，到了五六日，想喝水，水不能多喝，不应给予。为什么呢？因为腹中热邪还少，不能消化水液，反而会给人体带来病患。到了七八日，极度口渴想喝水，还应当根据证候给予。常令其不足，不要过分满足。凡人只见张仲景说：“得病后反而能喝水，这是痊愈”，于是对轻微口渴的病人，就强行让他们饮水，因此造成的祸害，数不胜数。大抵伤寒水气，都是因为饮水过多，导致水停心下，气上乘于心，则出现心悸、咳嗽；结于胸胁，则为水结胸；胃中虚冷，则呕吐、呃逆；令气相搏结，则为噎；上迫于肺，则为咳嗽；渗入肠中，则为泄利；邪热所搏结，蓄积……黑奴丸主治。中暑伏热深重，多次取效不愈，其人咳嗽不止，酒蒸黄连丸主治。伤寒有所不利的，行之，取其渗泄之意。口渴而饮水，停聚的伴有躁动，烦满的，有病气去而水气不得行的情况。其表里都见到烦躁，口燥想喝水，水入即病气去而水气不得化，头痛发热，身体疼痛，想喝水的，有发热汗出，又恶寒，不呕吐，心下痞的，都适宜用五苓散。其脉浮，发热，渴欲饮水，小便不利的，少阴病下利，六七日，咳嗽且呕吐、口渴，心烦不得眠的，适宜给予猪苓散。大病初愈后，从腰部以下有水气的，用牡蛎泽泻散。这是利水道、渗泄的意思。口燥咽干，脾脏有热，则津液本来就少，导致口燥舌干。张仲景说：“伤寒无热，口燥渴而烦，背部微寒的，用白虎汤加人参。”又说：“阳明病，渴欲饮水，口干舌燥的，用白虎加人参汤主治。”如果咽干，千万不要发汗，发汗则会再次亡失津液。少阳证，口苦咽干的，用小柴胡汤。少阴证，口燥咽干的，应紧急攻下。病人沉默想睡，眼睛不能闭合，起居不安，声音嘶哑，或有咽干的，当作狐惑病治疗。
方剂：
人参散，治疗伤寒大汗后，烦渴，热不解，脉大的。
人参（一两，去芦头）、知母（一两）、甘草（半两，炙微赤，锉）、石膏（二两）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服五钱，水一大盏，加入生姜半分，煎至五分，去渣滓。不计时候，温服。
猪苓散，治疗伤寒脉浮，发热，渴欲饮水，小便不利。
猪苓（去黑皮）、赤茯苓、秦艽（去芦头）、滑石、泽泻（以上各一两）、甘草（半两，炙微赤，锉）。
犀角散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗伤寒身体大热，小便黄赤，烦渴不止，心中闷绝，言语错乱，嗜睡惊悸。
犀角屑（一两）、人参（三分，去芦头）、赤茯苓（半两）、茵陈（半两）、细辛（半两）、陈橘皮（半两，汤浸去白瓤）、麻黄（半两，去根节）、甘草（半两，炙微赤，锉）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服五钱，水一大盏，加入生姜半分，煎至五分，去渣滓，不计时候，温服。
黄芩散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗伤寒吐下后，内外有热，烦渴不止。
黄芩、人参（去芦头）、甘草（炙微赤，锉）、麦门冬（去心）、柴胡、葛根（锉，以上各一两）、桂心（半两）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服二钱，水一中盏，加入生姜半分，枣二枚，煎至五分，去渣滓，不计时候，温服。
栝蒌根散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗伤寒大肠秘涩，烦躁不止。
栝蒌根（一两）、黄芩（一两）、人参（半两，去芦头）、川大黄（一两，锉碎微炒）、栀子仁（半两）、川芒硝（一两）、甘草（半两，炙微赤，锉）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服五钱，水一大盏，煎至五分，去渣滓，不计时候服用。如人行十里路，再服。以利为度。
治疗伤寒下后，烦渴，宜服此方。（出自《圣惠方》）
麦门冬（一两，去心）、五味子（一两）、人参（一两，去芦头）、甘草（一两，炙微赤，锉，《圣济总录》作半两）、石膏（一两）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服三钱，水一中盏，煎至五分，不计时候，去渣滓，温服。
土瓜根散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗伤寒烦渴不止。
土瓜根（一两）、麦门冬（一两，去心）、甘草（半两，炙微赤，锉）、枇杷叶（半两，拭去毛，炙微黄，《圣济总录》作一两）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服四钱，水一中盏，煎至六分，不计时候，去渣滓，温服。
圣……黄……散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗伤寒烦渴不止。
黄芪（锉）、麦门冬（去心）、黄芩、葛根（锉）、枇杷叶（拭去毛，炙微黄）、栀子仁、人参（去芦头）、赤茯苓、柴胡（去苗）、赤芍药、甘草（炙微赤，锉，以上各半两）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服……
茵陈散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗伤寒头项汗出，身体无汗，小便不利，渴欲饮水者。这是瘀热在里，身体……
茵陈、栀子仁、川大黄（锉碎微炒）、木通（锉，以上各一两）、甘草（半两，炙微赤，锉）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服五钱，水一大盏，煎至五分，去渣滓，不计时候，温服。如人行十里路，再服。以小便快利为度。
石膏汤（出自《圣惠方》），治疗伤寒已大汗后，不利。其人烦渴不解，其脉洪大。
石膏、知母、地骨皮、甘草（炙微赤，锉）、人参（去芦头，各一两）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服五钱，水一大盏，加入粳米一百粒，煎至五分，去渣滓，不计时候，温服。
麻黄散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗伤寒壮热，烦渴，头痛。
麻黄（去根节）、葛根（锉）、知母、柴胡、栀子仁、陈橘皮（汤浸去白瓤焙）、甘草（炙微赤，锉，以上各半两）、石膏（二两）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服三钱，水一中盏，加入生姜半分，煎至五分，去渣滓，不计时候，温服。
麦门冬散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗伤寒下后，上气，烦渴不止。
麦门冬（去心）、五味子、人参（去芦头）、葛根（锉）、甘草（炙微赤，锉）、石膏、川芎、桑根白皮（锉，各一两）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服五钱，水一大盏，煎至五分，去渣滓，不计时候，温服。
半夏散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗伤寒呕吐，烦欲饮水。
半夏（三分，汤洗七次去滑）、芦根（一两，锉）、赤茯苓、泽泻（三分）、桂心（半两）、甘草（一分，炙微赤，锉）、麦门冬（三分，去心）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服三钱，水一中盏，加入生姜半分，煎……
治疗伤寒头痛，骨节烦疼，或已吐下，余热不尽，口干烦渴。
麻黄（去根节，一两）、知母（一两半）、葛根（一两半，锉）、石膏（二两半，《圣济总录》作两半）、甘草（一两，炙微赤，锉）。以上捣碎成粗末，筛罗为散。每服五钱，水一大盏，煎至五分，去渣滓，不计时候，温服。《圣济总录》名为葛根麻黄汤。
竹茹饮子（出自《圣惠方》），治疗伤寒吐利后，烦渴不止。
青竹茹（一鸡子大）、人参（去芦头，半两）、乌梅肉（二枚）。以上药物，细锉。水一大盏，煎至五分，去渣滓，不计时候，温，频服。
青葙子丸（出自《圣惠方》），治疗伤寒后，热结在胸膈，烦渴。
青葙子（二两，《外台秘要》作五两）、黄芩（一两）、龙胆（一两，去芦头，《外台秘要》作三两）、栀子仁（一两）、苦参（锉，一两）、黄柏（锉，一两，《外台秘要》作二两）、栝蒌根（一两）。以上捣罗为末，炼蜜为丸，如梧桐子大。
治疗伤寒心神热躁，口干烦渴。（出自《圣惠方》）
秦艽（一两，去苗）。以上细锉。以牛乳一大盏，煎至六分，去渣滓，不计时候，分温二服。
又方（出自《圣惠方》）
栝蒌（二两）。以上捣粗，罗为散。每服三钱，水一中盏，加入新竹叶二十七片，煎至五分，去渣滓，不计时候，温服。《圣济总录》不用竹叶。
知母汤（出自《圣济总录》），治疗伤寒数日不解，心躁烦乱，小腹胀急，脐下闷痛，大渴喘之。
知母（焙）、芍药、麦门冬（去心焙）、柴胡（去苗）、泽泻（各三分）、石膏（一两半）、黄芩（去黑心）、甘草（炙，各半两）。以上粗捣筛。每服三钱，水一盏，加入生姜一枣大，拍碎，竹叶三……
葛根饮（出自《圣济总录》），治疗伤寒头痛，燥渴，不得眠睡，四肢烦痛。
葛根（锉）、黄芩、大青、石膏（碎）、人参（各一两）、甘草（炙，半两）。以上粗捣筛。每服三钱，水一盏，煎至六分，去渣滓，温服。
葛根石膏汤（出自《圣济总录》），治疗伤寒下后，头疼，口干烦渴。
葛根（锉）、麦门冬（去心焙）、黄芩（去黑心）、升麻（各一两）、石膏（碎，一两半）、甘草（炙，半两）。以上粗捣筛。每服三钱，水一盏，煎至七分，去渣滓，温服。不拘时。
黄芩芦根汤（出自《圣济总录》），治疗伤寒吐下后，内外有热，烦渴不止。
黄芩（去黑心）、芦根、人参、赤茯苓（去黑皮，各一两）、桂（去粗皮，半两）。以上粗捣筛。每服五钱，水一盏半，加入生姜一枣大，拍碎，枣三枚，擘破，同煎至八分，去渣滓，温服。不拘时。
The Kidney is the Zang organ of Water, and the Bladder is the Fu organ of Body Fluids. These two meridians are exteriorly-interiorly related. When pathogenic heat from Cold Damage invades the Zang organs and flows into the Shaoyin meridian, the Kidney becomes diseased. Water abhors dryness; when heat is excessive, it causes dryness, leading to thirst and a desire to drink. Furthermore, pathogenic factors in Cold Damage cannot be eliminated unless through sweating, vomiting, or purging. If these methods are used excessively, Body Fluids are lost and depleted, internal heat arises, which also causes thirst. In Cold Damage, vexatious thirst occurs after sweating, vomiting, or purging have left the Zang-Fu organs empty and Body Fluids exhausted, with residual heat in the Kidney causing this condition. Thirst in Cold Damage indicates interior heat. Pathogenic factors from Cold Damage transmit from the exterior to the interior, presenting various symptoms corresponding to the depth of the pathogen. Although it is said that on the first day the pathogen is in the skin, on the second day in the flesh, on the third day in the muscles, on the fourth day in the chest, on the fifth day in the abdomen, and on the sixth day in the Stomach, transmitted diseases present different symptom patterns. Taiyang governs Qi and is the first to receive pathogens, typically manifesting on days one or two with headache, stiff neck, and back stiffness. When Taiyang transmits to Yangming, it manifests on days two or three with fever, eye pain, nasal dryness, and inability to sleep. When Yangming transmits to Shaoyang, it manifests on days three or four with chest and diaphragm pain and deafness. These three Yang meridians are affected by exterior pathogens that have not yet generated significant heat, so thirst is not mentioned. By days four or five, Shaoyang transmits to Taiyin, meaning the pathogen gradually enters the interior, and cold pathogens transform into heat. At this time, Body Fluids are depleted, causing abdominal fullness and dry mouth. By days five or six, Taiyin transmits to Shaoyin, indicating deeper interior heat. Here, Body Fluids are consumed by heat, becoming dry, resulting in dry mouth, dry tongue, and thirst. By days six or seven, Shaoyin pathogens transmit to Jueyin. The disease of Jueyin involves Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst), as interior heat is at its peak. Xiao Ke refers to drinking much water but producing little urine, known as heat consuming water. In Cold Damage, if thirst for water appears on days six or seven, it indicates impending recovery because the transmission cycle is complete. Thus, for Jueyin disease, "desire for water, give small amounts to heal" applies. When pathogens initially enter the interior, heat is diffuse and has not condensed into solid heat. Interior steaming scorches the diaphragm and consumes Body Fluids, forming thirst. Although patients desire water, large amounts should not be given. Excessive drinking overwhelms the slight heat, leading to fluid retention diseases. The Classics state: "For seasonal epidemic diseases, by days five or six, if there is thirst for water, do not drink too much; do not give large amounts." This is because interior heat is insufficient to metabolize the water, potentially causing new pathology. If extreme thirst exists, water should be given according to the syndrome, but always leaving some unmet, never satisfying completely. For example, if one can drink one dou, give only five sheng. It is also stated: "Desire for water, give small amounts; rescue according to principles. For thirst, Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is suitable. For extreme thirst desiring several sheng, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) is indicated." These aim to moisten dryness and generate Body Fluids. Generally, ability to drink water indicates impending recovery. Unskilled practitioners, hearing that drinking cures illness, force water upon those with mild thirst, causing disaster. However, palpitations, chest binding, wheezing/coughing, hiccups, dry retching, swelling/fullness, and dysuria are all caused by excessive water intake. Physicians must recognize this to avoid errors.
The verse states: Steaming heat depletes Body Fluids, causing thirst. Different depths of heat require different treatments. However, thirst generally indicates severe interior heat.
Question: Besides meridian syndromes, Shaoyin mentions thirst. Jueyin belongs to Liver, the mother of Heart. Its main manifestation is Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst), drinking much but urinating little, indicating extreme interior heat. Sub-element qi attacking mother element combines with Heart Fire to cause vexation. Only vexation consumes fluids. In treating vexation formulas, Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) is removed because it promotes water elimination. If vomiting precedes thirst, resolution is near; water may be given. If thirst precedes vomiting, water retention in the epigastrium is diagnosed, treated with Chifu Tang (Red Poria Decoction).
*Huoren Shu* (Book of Vitality) states: Floating pulse with thirst indicates Taiyang exterior cold unresolved. Thirst due to fluid retention in the epigastrium is treated with Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) minus Banxia, plus Gualou Gen (Trichosanthis Radix). For Taiyang disease, Guizhi pattern, after profuse sweating, severe vexation and thirst are treated with Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) and Gualou. Floating pulse, dysuria, slight fever, and Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst) are treated with Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). Cold Damage on days four or five, with fever, aversion to wind, hypochondriac fullness, warm hands/feet, and thirst, is treated with Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) minus Banxia, plus Renshen (Ginseng) and Gualou Gen. Taiyang syndrome with body stiffness, fever, and thirst is Wind-Warmth, treated with Xiaochaihu Tang minus Banxia and Gualou Gen Tang. Sweating with thirst indicates Yangming, treated with Baihu Jia Renshen Tang. Deficient elderly persons, or those in spring/autumn, may use Zhuyegao Shi Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Oyster Shell Decoction). Yangming disease with head-only sweating, dysuria, thirst for fluids, and jaundice is treated with Yinchin Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae Decoction). Xiaochaihu Tang minus Banxia, plus Renshen and Gualou Gen. Qi-injury with chills/fever, fever/aversion to wind, and thirst indicates Shaoyang. Shaoyang hypochondriac hardness, constipation, white tongue coating, and thirst are treated with Xiaochaihu Tang minus Banxia, plus Renshen and Gualou Gen. Spontaneous diarrhea with thirst indicates Shaoyin. Cold Damage heat entering Zang organs and flowing into Shaoyin meridian: Shaoyin governs Kidney, which abhors dryness, causing thirst. Shaoyin diarrhea with cough, vomiting, and thirst is treated with Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction). No diarrhea but desire to drink indicates heat, treated with Baitouweng Tang (Pulsatillae Decoction). Strictly forbid Baiku Tang (White Tiger Decoction) for Taiyang syndrome without sweating and with thirst. Zhang Zhongjing states: "Desire for water without exterior syndrome uses Baihu Jia Renshen Tang. Floating pulse, fever, no sweating means exterior unresolved; do not use Baiku Tang." Use Xiaochaihu Tang minus Banxia, plus Gualou and Renshen. Cold Damage days four or five, fever, aversion to wind, non-full hypochondrium, warm extremities, thirst: Xiaochaihu Tang minus Banxia, plus Gualou and Renshen. Yangming syndrome with profuse sweating and thirst: do not use Wuling San, as sweating dries the Stomach, and Wuling San further promotes diuresis. Use Zhuye Tang instead. Zhang Zhongjing says: "Yangming disease attacks with periodic sweating, delirium; urgent purging is needed." Can Taiyang thirst never use Baiku Tang? After sweating in Taiyang, if pulse is surging-large and thirsty, it may be used. Can Yangming thirst never use Wuling San? If Yangming presents with dysuria, scant sweating, floating pulse, and thirst, it may be used. These are Zhang Zhongjing's subtleties. Zhu Ling Tang syndrome also states: "Floating pulse, fever, thirst, dysuria: Zhu Ling Tang." For non-extreme thirst, do not give water. Mild thirst/dry throat: sip slowly to moisten and harmonize Stomach Qi. Extreme thirst/vexation, capable of drinking one dou: give five sheng. Without water, dryness prevents sweating, leading to death by wheezing. Laypeople see sweating after drinking and force water on mild thirst, causing fluid retention, chest fullness, and death by wheezing. Use Wuling San or Xianxiong Wan (Trap-the-Chest Pill). Seasonal epidemics days five or six, thirst for water but limited intake: do not give. Interior heat is low, cannot metabolize water, causing pathology. Days seven or eight, extreme thirst: give according to syndrome, but leave unmet. Many follow Zhang Zhongjing's "drinking indicates recovery" and force water on mild thirst, causing countless disasters. Generally, Cold Damage fluid issues stem from excessive drinking, causing fluid retention in the epigastrium, Qi rising to Heart causing palpitations/cough; binding in chest/hypochondrium causes Water-Binding Chest; Stomach deficiency-cold causes vomiting/hiccups; Qi conflict causes choking; pressing Lung causes cough; entering Intestines causes diarrhea; Heat binding causes accumulation... Heinu Wan (Black Slave Pill) treats accumulated heat. Summerheat with deep latent heat, persistent cough: Jiuzheng Huanglian Wan (Wine-Steamed Coptis Pill). Cold Damage obstruction: promote permeability. Thirst with drinking, retention with restlessness, fullness with vexation: pathogen gone but water qi stagnant. Exterior/interior vexation, dry mouth/thirst, water enters then pathology returns, headache/fever/body ache, desire for water, fever/sweating/aversion to cold/non-vomiting/epigastric stuffiness: all suit Wuling San. Floating pulse, fever, thirst, dysuria: Shaoyin diarrhea days six/seven, cough/vomit/thirst, vexation/insomnia: Zhu Ling San. Post-major illness, edema below waist: Muli Zexie San (Oyster Shell and Alisma Decoction). This promotes water channels and permeability. Dry mouth/throat, Spleen heat depletes Body Fluids, causing dry mouth/tongue. Zhang Zhongjing: "Cold Damage no fever, dry mouth/thirst/vexation, slight back chill: Baiku Tang plus Renshen." Also: "Yangming thirst/dry mouth/tongue: Baihu Jia Renshen Tang." If dry throat, forbid sweating, as it depletes fluids. Shaoyang bitter taste/dry throat: Xiaochaihu Tang. Shaoyin dry mouth/throat: urgent purging. Patient silent, sleepy, eyes unable to close, restless, hoarse voice, or dry throat: treat as Guhuo Disease (Huo-Sickness).
Formulas:
Renshen San (Ginseng Powder): Treats post-profuse sweating vexation/thirst, unresolved heat, large pulse.
Renshen (Ginseng Root, 1 liang, remove rhizome), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 1 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, 0.5 liang, honey-fried slightly red, crushed), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve into powder. Take 5 qian per dose, with 1 da zhan water, add 0.5 fen ginger, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Zhu Ling San (Polyporus Powder): Treats floating pulse, fever, thirst, dysuria.
Zhuling (Polyporus, remove black skin), Chifuling (Red Poria), Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, remove rhizome), Huashi (Talcum), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, each 1 liang), Gancao (0.5 liang, honey-fried, crushed).
Xijiao San (Rhino Horn Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats high fever, yellow-red urine, incessant vexation/thirst, chest oppression, delirium, somnolence/startle.
Xijiao xie (Rhino Cornu, 1 liang), Renshen (3 qian, remove rhizome), Chifuling (0.5 liang), Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, 0.5 liang), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 0.5 liang, hot water soak, remove white pith), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 0.5 liang, remove roots/joints), Gancao (0.5 liang, honey-fried, crushed). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 5 qian, 1 da zhan water, 0.5 fen ginger, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Huangqin San (Scutellariae Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats post-vomiting/purging interior/exterior heat, incessant vexation/thirst.
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Renshen, Gancao (honey-fried, crushed), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, remove heart), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Gegen (Puerariae Radix, crushed, each 1 liang), Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex, 0.5 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 2 qian, 1 zhong zhan water, 0.5 fen ginger, 2 jujubes, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Gualou Gen San (Trichosanthis Radix Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats constipation, incessant vexation.
Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix, 1 liang), Huangqin (1 liang), Renshen (0.5 liang, remove rhizome), Chuan Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang, crushed, slightly stir-fried), Zhizi Ren (Gardeniae Semen, 0.5 liang), Chuan Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas, 1 liang), Gancao (0.5 liang, honey-fried, crushed). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 5 qian, 1 da zhan water, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take anytime. Repeat after walking 10 li. Stop when bowel movement occurs.
Formula for post-purging vexation/thirst [from *Shenghui Fang*]:
Maidong (1 liang, remove heart), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 1 liang), Renshen (1 liang, remove rhizome), Gancao (1 liang, honey-fried, crushed; *Shengji Zonglu* says 0.5 liang), Shigao (1 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhong zhan water, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Tugua Gen San (Melothriae Radix Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats incessant vexation/thirst.
Tugua gen (Melothriae Radix, 1 liang), Maidong (1 liang, remove heart), Gancao (0.5 liang, honey-fried, crushed), Pipaye (Loquat Leaf, 0.5 liang, brush off hairs, fry slightly yellow; *Shengji Zonglu* says 1 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 4 qian, 1 zhong zhan water, decoct to 0.6 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Sheng... Huang... San [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats incessant vexation/thirst.
Huangqi (Astragali Radix, crushed), Maidong (remove heart), Huangqin, Gegen (crushed), Pipaye (brush hairs, fry yellow), Zhizi Ren, Renshen (remove rhizome), Chifuling, Chaihu (remove seedlings), Chi Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Gancao (honey-fried, crushed, each 0.5 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take...
Yinchen San (Artemisiae Scopariae Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats head/neck sweating, body no sweat, dysuria, thirst. Stagnant heat in interior.
Yinchen, Zhizi Ren, Chuan Dahuang (crushed, stir-fried), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, crushed, each 1 liang), Gancao (0.5 liang, honey-fried, crushed). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 5 qian, 1 da zhan water, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime. Repeat after walking 10 li. Stop when urination is smooth.
Shigao Tang (Gypsum Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats post-profuse sweating, unresolved vexation/thirst, surging-large pulse.
Shigao, Zhimu, Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Gancao (honey-fried, crushed), Renshen (remove rhizome, each 1 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 5 qian, 1 da zhan water, add 100 grains of Jingmi (Oryza Sativa Germ), decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Mahuang San (Ephedra Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats high fever, vexation/thirst, headache.
Mahuang (remove roots/joints), Gegen, Zhimu, Chaihu, Zhizi Ren, Chenjupi (soak, remove pith, bake), Gancao (honey-fried, crushed, each 0.5 liang), Shigao (2 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhong zhan water, 0.5 fen ginger, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Maidong San (Ophiopogon Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats post-purbing rebellious Qi, incessant vexation/thirst.
Maidong (remove heart), Wuweizi, Renshen (remove rhizome), Gegen (crushed), Gancao (honey-fried, crushed), Shigao, Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Sanggen Baipi (Mori Cortex, crushed, each 1 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 5 qian, 1 da zhan water, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Banxia San (Pinellia Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats vomiting, desire to drink due to vexation.
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 3 qian, wash 7 times in hot water to remove slipperiness), Lugeng (Phragmitis Rhizoma, 1 liang, crushed), Chifuling, Zexie (3 qian), Guixin (0.5 liang), Gancao (1 qian, honey-fried, crushed), Maidong (3 qian, remove heart). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhong zhan water, 0.5 fen ginger, decoct...
Treats headache, bone/joint pain, post-vomiting/purging residual heat, dry mouth/vexation/thirst.
Mahuang (1 liang, remove roots/joints), Zhimu (1.5 liang), Gegen (1.5 liang, crushed), Shigao (2.5 liang; *Shengji Zonglu* says 2 liang), Gancao (1 liang, honey-fried, crushed). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 5 qian, 1 da zhan water, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime. Named Gegen Mahuang Tang in *Shengji Zonglu*.
Zhuru Yinzi (Bamboo Sheath Drink) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats post-vomiting/diarrhea incessant vexation/thirst.
Qingzhuru (Green Bamboo Sheath, size of chicken egg), Renshen (0.5 liang, remove rhizome), Wumei Rou (Mume Fructus Flesh, 2 pieces). Finely crush. 1 da zhan water, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm frequently anytime.
Qingxiangzi Wan (Celosiae Seed Pill) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats post-Cold Damage heat binding in chest/diaphragm, vexation/thirst.
Qingxiangzi (Celosiae Semen, 2 liang; *Waitai Miyao* says 5 liang), Huangqin (1 liang), Longdan (Gentianae Radix, 1 liang, remove rhizome; *Waitai Miyao* says 3 liang), Zhizi Ren (1 liang), Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, crushed, 1 liang), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, crushed, 1 liang; *Waitai Miyao* says 2 liang), Gualougen (1 liang). Pound to powder, mix with refined honey into pills like wattle seeds.
Treats mental heat/restlessness, dry mouth/vexation/thirst [from *Shenghui Fang*]:
Qinjiao (1 liang, remove seedlings). Finely crush. Decoct in 1 da zhan cow milk to 0.6 fen. Strain, divide into 2 warm doses, take anytime.
Another Formula [from *Shenghui Fang*]:
Gualou (2 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhong zhan water, add 27 fresh bamboo leaves, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime. *Shengji Zonglu* omits bamboo leaves.
Zhimu Tang (Anemarrhena Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats multi-day unresolved Cold Damage, mental restlessness, lower abdominal urgency/pain, extreme thirst/wheezing.
Zhimu (baked), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Maidong (remove heart, bake), Chaihu (remove seedlings), Zexie (each 3 qian), Shigao (1.5 liang), Huangqin (remove black heart), Gancao (honey-fried, each 0.5 liang). Coarsely crush/sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhan water, add ginger (size of date, smashed), 3-7 bamboo leaves...
Gegen Yin (Kudzu Drink) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats headache, dry thirst, insomnia, limb pain.
Gegen (crushed), Huangqin, Daqing (Isatidis Folium), Shigao (crushed), Renshen (each 1 liang), Gancao (honey-fried, 0.5 liang). Coarsely crush/sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhan water, decoct to 0.6 fen. Strain, take warm.
Gegen Shigao Tang (Kudzu and Gypsum Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats post-purging headache, dry mouth/vexation/thirst.
Gegen (crushed), Maidong (remove heart, bake), Huangqin (remove black heart), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, each 1 liang), Shigao (crushed, 1.5 liang), Gancao (honey-fried, 0.5 liang). Coarsely crush/sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhan water, decoct to 0.7 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Huangqin Lugeng Tang (Scutellaria and Reed Root Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats post-vomiting/purging interior/exterior heat, incessant vexation/thirst.
Huangqin (remove black heart), Lugeng (Phragmitis Rhizoma), Renshen, Chifuling (remove black skin, each 1 liang), Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex, remove rough bark, 0.5 liang). Coarsely crush/sieve. Take 5 qian, 1.5 zhan water, add ginger (date-sized, smashed), 3 jujubes (split), decoct to 0.8 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Shaoyao Huanglian Tang (Peony and Coptis Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats Warm Disease post-vomiting/purging, residual heat, incessant vexation/thirst.