肺主于气。候于皮毛。气虚为微寒客于皮毛。伤于肺。肺气不足。则成咳嗽。夫气得温
则宣利。得寒则痞涩。虚则气不足。而为寒所迫。并聚于肺间。不得宣发。故令咳而短气也。
方
紫菀丸（出圣惠方）治肺咳嗽气短。不得睡卧。
紫菀（一两去苗土） 汉防己（一两） 贝母（一两煨欲黄） 人参（去芦头用一两） 款
冬花
（一两） 桑白皮（一两锉） 天门冬（一两半焙去心） 木香（一两） 甜葶苈（一两隔
纸炒令紫
色） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 槟榔（一两） 杏仁（半两汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒黄） 上为
细末。
炼蜜为丸。如梧桐子大。不拘时。以粥饮送下。每服二十丸。
肉苁蓉汤 疗伤中咳嗽。短气伤中痛。痰饮厥逆。宿食不消化。寒热邪僻。五内不
调。
肉苁蓉（五两） 干地黄（四两） 大枣（三十枚擘） 乌头（一两泡） 甘草（一两
炙） 桂心
麦门冬（去心各一两） 紫菀 五味子（各一两） 生姜（八钱） 石膏（碎绵裹八钱） 上
切。以
水一斗五升。煮取七升。去渣。分为七服。日四夜二。一方大枣五十枚。水一斗二升。煮去
九升。忌海藻、生葱、菘菜、芜荑、猪肉、冷水。
五味子散 治咳嗽。鼻塞清涕。颤掉缓弱。少气不足。时时欲呕。
五味子 黄 （细切各三钱） 甘草（炙锉一分） 人参 桂（去粗皮） 羌活（去芦
头） 干
姜（泡） 细辛（去苗叶） 附子（炮裂去皮脐） 白术（各半两） 上为细末。每服二钱。
生姜乌
梅
紫苏散（出圣惠方）治咳嗽短气。体烦发热。发作无时。
紫苏茎叶（一两） 贝母（三分煨微黄） 紫菀（三分去苗土） 麦门冬（三分去心） 陈
橘皮
（半两汤浸去白瓤） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 桑白皮（三分锉） 赤茯苓（三分） 五味
子（三分）
上为散。每服四钱。水一盏。入生姜半分。煎至六分。去滓。不拘时温服。
五味子汤（出圣惠方）疗逆气咳嗽。胸膈中寒热。短气不足。
五味子（一两） 前胡（三两） 紫菀 甘草（炙） 桂心 生姜（各二两） 枣（三
十枚擘）
山茱萸（三两） 上切。以水一斗。煮取七升。搅去滓。服一升。日三夜二。忌生姜、海藻、
菘菜。一方用茱萸三钱。水一盏煎。日二夜一。
又方
用橘皮。不用茱萸。
延年紫苏饮 治咳嗽短气。唾涕稠。喘之风虚烦损。发无时者。宜服。
紫苏 贝母 紫菀 麦门冬（去心各二两） 枣（五枚擘） 葶苈子（一两炒令黄别研
捣）
甘草（一两炙） 上切。以水六升。煮取二升。分为四服。如人行七里一服。禁猪肉、鱼肉、
蒜、海藻、菘菜。
海藻汤（出圣惠方）治咳嗽而下痢。胸中痞而短气。心中时悸。四肢不欲动。
手足烦不欲食
海藻（四两） 五味子 半夏（各半斤） 生姜（一两） 细辛 茯苓（六两） 杏仁
（五十枚）
上
五味汤（出宣明论）治胸膈痞满。心腹刺痛。短气噎闷。咳嗽痰唾。呕逆恶
心。不思饮食。温中益气。
五味子（九两） 良姜 干姜（各一两半） 红皮（去白） 茴香（炒各二两） 甘草
（炙七两）
盐（一斤炒） 上为末。每服一钱。百沸汤点。空心食前。甚者日三服。一方无干姜。
诃黎勒散（出圣惠方）治咳嗽短气。腹胁痛。
诃黎勒皮（三分） 陈橘皮（三分汤浸去白瓤） 人参（一两去芦头） 桔梗（三分去
芦头）
吴茱萸（半两汤浸七次焙） 甘草（半两炙黄锉） 杏仁（三分汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄） 上
为
散。每服三钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。煎至六分。去滓。不拘时温服。
又方（出圣惠方）治咳嗽短气。体烦热。发作无时。
麻黄（三两去根节） 桂心（半两） 干姜（一分煨裂锉） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 杏
仁（三
分去皮尖双仁炒） 上为散。每服三钱。水一中盏。煎至六分。去滓。不拘时温服。
治咳嗽短气喘急。（出圣惠方）
麻黄（一两去根节） 甘草（一两炙微赤锉） 甜葶苈（一两隔纸炒令紫） 赤茯苓 杏
仁
（各一两汤浸去皮尖双仁炒研如膏） 上为末。炼蜜和捣三百杵。如梧桐子大。每服二十丸。
不拘
姜椒汤 疗咳嗽。及短气胁痛。\x
生姜 椒（去目炒出汗各一两） 上切。以水五升。煮取三升。每服一合。
肺脏主管气的运行，其生理状态反映在皮毛。若气虚，则微寒之邪容易侵袭皮毛，进而损伤肺脏。肺气不足，就会引发咳嗽。气得到温煦则宣通流利，遇到寒冷则阻滞涩滞。气虚导致正气不足，被寒邪所逼迫，汇聚于肺间，无法宣发，因此出现咳嗽和呼吸短促的症状。
方剂：
紫菀丸（出自《圣惠方》），治疗肺系咳嗽、气短，无法安睡躺卧。
药材：紫菀（一两，去苗土）、汉防己（一两）、贝母（一两，煨至微黄）、人参（去芦头，用一两）、款冬花（一两）、桑白皮（一两，锉碎）、天门冬（一两半，焙干去心）、木香（一两）、甜葶苈（一两，隔纸炒至紫色）、甘草（半两，炙至微赤，锉碎）、槟榔（一两）、杏仁（半两，汤浸去皮尖及双仁，麸炒至黄）。以上药物研为细末，用炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸药。不限时间，用米粥汁送服。每次服用二十丸。
肉苁蓉汤，治疗因内伤引起的咳嗽、气短、内伤痛楚、痰饮厥逆、宿食不消化、寒热邪气异常、五脏不调。
药材：肉苁蓉（五两）、干地黄（四两）、大枣（三十枚，掰开）、乌头（一两，炮制）、甘草（一两，炙）、桂心、麦门冬（去心，各一两）、紫菀、五味子（各一两）、生姜（八钱）、石膏（打碎，绵布包裹，八钱）。以上药物切碎，用水一斗五升，煮取七升，去渣，分七次服用。每日四次，夜间两次。另一版本用大枣五十枚，水一斗二升，煮取九升。忌食海藻、生葱、白菜、芜荑、猪肉、冷水。
五味子散，治疗咳嗽、鼻塞流清涕、身体颤抖动摇、肢体缓弱、少气不足以息、时时想呕吐。
药材：五味子、黄芪（细切，各三钱）、甘草（炙，锉，一分）、人参、桂枝（去粗皮）、羌活（去芦头）、干姜（炮制）、细辛（去苗叶）、附子（炮裂，去皮脐）、白术（各半两）。以上药物研为细末。每次服用二钱。
紫苏散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗咳嗽气短，身体烦热发热，发作没有定时。
药材：紫苏茎叶（一两）、贝母（三分，煨微黄）、紫菀（三分，去苗土）、麦门冬（三分，去心）、陈橘皮（半两，汤浸去白瓤）、甘草（半两，炙微赤，锉碎）、桑白皮（三分，锉碎）、赤茯苓（三分）、五味子（三分）。以上药物研为散剂。每次服用四钱，加水一盏，放入生姜半分，煎至六分，去渣，不限时间温服。
五味子汤（出自《圣惠方》），治疗气逆咳嗽，胸膈中寒热交替，气短不足。
药材：五味子（一两）、前胡（三两）、紫菀、甘草（炙）、桂心、生姜（各二两）、大枣（三十枚，掰开）、山茱萸（三两）。以上药物切碎，用水一斗，煮取七升，搅匀去渣。每次服用一升，每日三次，夜间两次。忌食生姜、海藻、白菜。另一版本用茱萸三钱，水一盏煎，每日二次，夜间一次。
又一方：只用橘皮，不用茱萸。
延年紫苏饮，治疗咳嗽气短，唾涕粘稠，气喘因风虚烦损引起，发作没有定时者，适宜服用。
药材：紫苏、贝母、紫菀、麦门冬（去心，各二两）、大枣（五枚，掰开）、葶苈子（一两，炒至黄，另研捣碎）、甘草（一两，炙）。以上药物切碎，用水六升，煮取二升，分四次服用。如人行走七里时服用一次。禁食猪肉、鱼肉、蒜、海藻、白菜。
海藻汤（出自《圣惠方》），治疗咳嗽并伴有下痢，胸中痞闷而气短，心中时常悸动，四肢不想活动，手足烦热不想进食。
药材：海藻（四两）、五味子、半夏（各半斤）、生姜（一两）、细辛、茯苓（六两）、杏仁（五十枚）。
五味汤（出自《宣明论》），治疗胸膈痞满，心腹刺痛，气短噎闷，咳嗽痰唾，呕逆恶心，不思饮食，具有温中益气功效。
药材：五味子（九两）、良姜、干姜（各一两半）、红皮（去白）、茴香（炒，各二两）、甘草（炙，七两）、盐（一斤，炒）。以上药物研为末。每次服用一钱，用滚开水冲服。空腹饭前服用。病情严重者每日三次服用。另一方无干姜。
诃黎勒散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗咳嗽气短，腹部胁肋疼痛。
药材：诃黎勒皮（三分）、陈橘皮（三分，汤浸去白瓤）、人参（一两，去芦头）、桔梗（三分，去芦头）、吴茱萸（半两，汤浸七次后焙干）、甘草（半两，炙黄，锉碎）、杏仁（三分，汤浸去皮尖及双仁，麸炒微黄）。以上药物研为散剂。每次服用三钱，加水一中盏，放入生姜半分，煎至六分，去渣，不限时间温服。
又一方（出自《圣惠方》），治疗咳嗽气短，身体烦热，发作没有定时。
药材：麻黄（三两，去根节）、桂心（半两）、干姜（一分，煨裂，锉碎）、甘草（半两，炙微赤，锉碎）、杏仁（三分，去皮尖及双仁，炒）。以上药物研为散剂。每次服用三钱，加水一中盏，煎至六分，去渣，不限时间温服。
治咳嗽气喘息急。（出自《圣惠方》）
药材：麻黄（一两，去根节）、甘草（一两，炙微赤，锉碎）、甜葶苈（一两，隔纸炒至紫色）、赤茯苓、杏仁（各一两，汤浸去皮尖及双仁，炒，研如膏状）。以上药物研为末，用炼蜜调和捣三百杵，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用二十丸，不限时间……（原文此处似有缺漏或排版错误，通常接“姜椒汤”之前可能有误植，但根据上下文保留原意）。
姜椒汤，治疗咳嗽，以及气短胁痛。
药材：生姜、花椒（去目，炒出汗，各一两）。以上药物切碎，用水五升，煮取三升。每次服用一合。
The Lung governs Qi. Its condition is reflected in the skin and hair (mao pi). When Qi is deficient, slight cold pathogens easily invade the skin and hair, damaging the Lung. Insufficiency of Lung Qi leads to coughing. Qi becomes unobstructed and fluent when warmed, but becomes stagnant and astringent when exposed to cold. Deficiency results in insufficient Qi, which is forced by cold pathogens to gather between the lungs, unable to disperse and emit. Thus, coughing and shortness of breath occur.
Formulas:
Ziwan Wan (Cistanche Pill) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats Lung-related coughing, shortness of breath, and inability to sleep or lie down.
Ingredients: Ziwan (Radix Asteris), 1 liang, remove seedlings and soil; Hanfangji (Rhizoma Tetrapanacis), 1 liang; Beimu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae), 1 liang, roast until slightly yellow; Renshen (Radix Ginseng), remove rhizome, use 1 liang; Kua Donghua (Flos Winteris), 1 liang; Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori Radicis), 1 liang, cut into pieces; Tianmendong (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), 1.5 liang, bake and remove heart; Muxiang (Radix Aucklandiae), 1 liang; Tiantingli (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae), 1 liang, roast between papers until purple; Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), 0.5 liang, honey-fry until slightly red, cut into pieces; Binglang (Areca Semen), 1 liang; Xingren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), 0.5 liang, soak in water, remove skin and pointed end, double-kernel wheat bran-roast until yellow. Grind all ingredients into fine powder. Mix with refined honey to form pills the size of Sophora japonica seeds. Take at any time, washed down with porridge drink. Dosage: 20 pills per administration.
Roucongrong Tang (Cistanche Decoction): Treats internal injury-induced coughing, shortness of breath, internal pain, phlegm-fluid jue-ni (reversal cold), undigested food retention, abnormal cold-heat sensations, and disharmony of the five zang organs.
Ingredients: Roucongrong (Herba Cistanches), 5 liang; Gadihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata), 4 liang; Dazao (Fructus Jujubae), 30 pieces, split open; Wutou (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata), 1 liang, processed; Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), 1 liang, honey-fried; Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi), Maidong (Radix Ophiopogonis), remove heart, each 1 liang; Ziwan (Radix Asteris); Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis), each 1 liang; Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens), 8 qian; Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), crushed, wrapped in silk, 8 qian. Cut ingredients. Boil in 1.5 dou (approx. 15 liters) of water to obtain 7 sheng (approx. 7 liters). Remove dregs. Divide into 7 doses. Take 4 times daily and 2 times nightly. Alternative prescription: Use 50 Dazao, boil in 1.2 dou of water to reduce to 9 sheng. Avoid: Haizao (Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae), raw scallion, Songcai (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis), Wuyi (Myristica fragrans?), pork, cold water.
Wuweizi San (Schisandra Powder): Treats coughing, nasal congestion with clear discharge, tremors and weakness, shortness of breath and insufficiency, frequent urge to vomit.
Ingredients: Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis); Huangqi (Radix Astragali Membranacei), finely cut, each 3 qian; Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), honey-fried, cut into pieces, 1 fen; Renshen (Radix Ginseng); Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi), remove rough bark; Qianghuo (Rhizoma Notopterygii); Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Secatum), processed; Xixin (Herba Asari); Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata), processed until cracked, remove skin and umbilicus; Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), each 0.5 liang. Grind into fine powder. Dosage: 2 qian per administration.
Zisu San (Perilla Powder) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats coughing and shortness of breath, body irritability and fever, attacks occurring without fixed timing.
Ingredients: Zisu Jingye (Folium et Caulis Perillae), 1 liang; Beimu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae), 3 fen, roast until slightly yellow; Ziwan (Radix Asteris), 3 fen, remove seedlings and soil; Maidong (Radix Ophiopogonis), 3 fen, remove heart; Chenjupi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), 0.5 liang, soak in water, remove white pith; Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), 0.5 liang, honey-fry until slightly red, cut into pieces; Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori Radicis), 3 fen, cut into pieces; Chifuling (Poria cum Risu Rubrum), 3 fen; Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis), 3 fen. Grind into powder. Dosage: 4 qian per administration. Add 1 deng (approx. 200ml) of water and 0.5 fen of Shengjiang. Decoct to 0.6 deng. Remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
Wuweizi Tang (Schisandra Decoction) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats rebellious Qi and coughing, cold-heat in the chest and diaphragm, shortness of breath and insufficiency.
Ingredients: Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis), 1 liang; Qianhu (Radix Peucedani), 3 liang; Ziwan (Radix Asteris); Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), honey-fried; Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi); Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens), each 2 liang; Zao (Fructus Jujubae), 30 pieces, split open; Shanzhuyu (Fructus Corni Officinalis), 3 liang. Cut ingredients. Boil in 1 dou of water to obtain 7 sheng. Stir and remove dregs. Dosage: 1 sheng per administration, 3 times daily and 2 times nightly. Avoid: Shengjiang, Haizao, Songcai. Alternative: Use Zhuyu 3 qian, boil in 1 deng of water, take twice daily and once nightly.
Another formula: Use only Chenjupi, do not use Zhuyu.
Yannian Zisu Yin (Longevity Perilla Drink): Treats coughing and shortness of breath, thick saliva and mucus, asthma due to wind-deficiency and irritability/damage, attacks occurring without fixed timing. Suitable for consumption.
Ingredients: Zisu (Folium Perillae); Beimu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae); Ziwan (Radix Asteris); Maidong (Radix Ophiopogonis), remove heart, each 2 liang; Zao (Fructus Jujubae), 5 pieces, split open; Tinglizi (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae), 1 liang, roast until yellow, separately ground and pounded; Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), 1 liang, honey-fried. Cut ingredients. Boil in 6 sheng of water to obtain 2 sheng. Divide into 4 doses. Take one dose after walking approximately 7 li. Prohibited foods: Pork, fish, garlic, Haizao, Songcai.
Haizao Tang (Laminaria Decoction) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats coughing accompanied by dysentery, chest oppression and shortness of breath, occasional palpitations, reluctance to move limbs, irritability in hands and feet, and loss of appetite.
Ingredients: Haizao (Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae), 4 liang; Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis); Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparata), each 0.5 jin; Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens), 1 liang; Xixin (Herba Asari); Fuling (Poria), 6 liang; Xingren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), 50 pieces.
Wuwu Tang (Five-Flavor Decoction) (from *Xuanming Lun*): Treats chest and diaphragm oppression and fullness, stabbing pain in heart and abdomen, shortness of breath and choking sensation, coughing with sputum, vomiting and nausea, lack of appetite. Warms the middle and tonifies Qi.
Ingredients: Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis), 9 liang; Liangjiang (Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum); Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Secatum), each 1.5 liang; Hongpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), remove white pith; Huixiang (Fructus Foeniculi), stir-fry, each 2 liang; Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), honey-fried, 7 liang; Yan (Sal), 1 jin, stir-fried. Grind into powder. Dosage: 1 qian per administration, taken with boiling water. Take on an empty stomach before meals. For severe cases, take 3 times daily. Alternative formula: No Ganjiang.
Helile San (Terminalia Powder) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats coughing and shortness of breath, abdominal and hypochondriac pain.
Ingredients: Helile Pi (Cortex Terminaliae Chebulae), 3 fen; Chenjupi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), 3 fen, soak in water, remove white pith; Renshen (Radix Ginseng), 1 liang, remove rhizome; Jiegeng (Radix Platycodonis), 3 fen, remove rhizome; Wuzhuyu (Fructus Evodiae Routeae), 0.5 liang, soak in water seven times, then dry-roast; Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), 0.5 liang, honey-fry until yellow, cut into pieces; Xingren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), 3 fen, soak in water, remove skin and pointed end, double-kernel wheat bran-roast until slightly yellow. Grind into powder. Dosage: 3 qian per administration. Add 1 zhong (approx. 200ml) of water and 0.5 fen of Shengjiang. Decoct to 0.6 zhong. Remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
Another formula (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats coughing and shortness of breath, body irritability and heat, attacks occurring without fixed timing.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae), 3 liang, remove root and nodes; Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi), 0.5 liang; Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Secatum), 1 fen, roast until cracked, cut into pieces; Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), 0.5 liang, honey-fry until slightly red, cut into pieces; Xingren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), 3 fen, remove skin and pointed end, double-kernel stir-fry. Grind into powder. Dosage: 3 qian per administration. Add 1 zhong of water. Decoct to 0.6 zhong. Remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
Treats coughing, shortness of breath, and rapid panting. (from *Shenghui Fang*)
Ingredients: Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae), 1 liang, remove root and nodes; Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), 1 liang, honey-fry until slightly red, cut into pieces; Tiantingli (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae), 1 liang, roast between papers until purple; Chifuling (Poria cum Risu Rubrum); Xingren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), each 1 liang, soak in water, remove skin and pointed end, double-kernel stir-fry, grind into paste. Grind into powder. Mix with refined honey and pound 300 times. Form pills the size of Sophora japonica seeds. Dosage: 20 pills per administration. Take at any time... [Text appears truncated or misaligned here].
Jiangjiao Tang (Ginger and Pepper Decoction): Treats coughing, and shortness of breath with hypochondriac pain.
Ingredients: Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens); Jiaojiao (Fructus Zanthoxyli), remove eyes, stir-fry until sweat appears, each 1 liang. Cut ingredients. Boil in 5 sheng of water to obtain 3 sheng. Dosage: 1 he (approx. 20ml) per administration.