风为天地浩荡之气。正顺则能长养万物。偏邪则能伤害品类。人或中之。鲜有不致毙者。
是以圣人推为百病长。原夫风与气一也。塞乎天地之间。则阴阳不同。在乎人身之中。则吹
呵有别。阳为风。故风无形而有其势。阴为气。故气有质而无其威。吹则冷而劲为风。呵则
温而和为气。是以四时之内。八风二十四气者。以候阴阳消长之机也。大块噫而为风。山泽
蒸
上古之人。其知道者。法于阴阳。和于术数。饮食有常节。起居有常度。不妄作劳。故精气
内安。形神外全。病安从来。今时之人。以酒为浆。以妄为常。醉以入房。以欲竭其精神。
以耗散其真。不知持满。不时御神。务快其心。逆于生乐。致阴阳不调。腑脏气偏。荣卫失
度。气血错乱。经络空虚。腠理不密。外邪因得以伤之。风邪之中人也。其状奄忽。盖风性
紧暴。善行数变。其中人也卒。其眩人也晕。激人涎浮。昏人神乱。千金方风论。有七十二
种。究其大法。则以五风为首。五风者。谓肝心脾肺肾五脏之风也。其言生死。各亦不同。
肝风之状。踞坐不得低头。青色围绕目额者。可治。宜于肝俞灸之。若上喘目直视。唇口俱
青。或面目大青黑。一黄一白者死。心风之状。汗自出。偃仰不可转侧。唇色正赤。语言狂
妄者生。宜于心俞灸之。若唇面青黄黑赤色不定。眼 动不休。或面目时时悚动者。心绝也
。五日而死。脾风之状。踞坐而腹满。不嗜食。一身通黄。四肢不收。口吐涎沫者。尚可治
也。宜灸脾俞。若手足俱青。木贼土败必死矣。肺风之状。偃卧胸满。喘而不休。冒闷汗出
。鼻不闻香臭。不得卧。鼻下至口。色白者可治。宜于肺俞灸之。若失血。及妄言色黄者。
不治。七八日而死。肾风之状。踞坐而腰脚痛重。视胁肋边未有黄色者。可治。宜于肾俞灸
之。若齿黄面如土色者死。至于六腑本无中风。惟胃有之。以胃为水谷之海。变化五味。以
资五脏。虚则风邪亦得以中之。胃风之状。额上汗出。饮食不下。隔塞不通。腹满。去衣则
胀。张口肩息。心下澹澹。食寒则泄。孙真人云。新食竟取风为胃风。疟论亦然。五脏中
风。其脉皆浮。但兼以本脉。而见于本部。与人迎相应也。假令肝中风。则左手关部与人迎
脉。并浮而弦者也。余皆仿此。大抵肥人多喜中风。以其肌肤软脆。风邪易中。入之则深。
庞老故云。人肥则风气不得外泄。即为热中而目黄。人瘦则风气外泄。即为寒中而泣出。盖
可知矣。得此疾者。诊其脉迟浮者吉。急疾大数者凶。大肠闭涩为顺。下利为逆。口目俱闭
者易治。口目俱开者难治。骨热多烦者。损其热药。脏寒下利者。损其冷剂。治之当随病之
浅深。慎无执着。诸方论中。所谓左瘫右痪者。由邪气中人。邪气反缓。正气反急。正气引
邪。 僻不遂。风赋有云。气虚则痪无左右。血涩而瘫中两边。以此而知气血俱虚。则瘫痪
两证俱有。若气顺血涩。则为瘫风。瘫风者。筋脉拘急挛拳也。若血顺气虚。则为痪风。痪
风者。 软抬动不能也。不必左为瘫。而右为痪。痪风不可全用风药。当以理气药兼而用之
。瘫风则当以益血补筋去风药治之。则万举万全矣。予历观古方。治诸风。不问病之轻重。
表里浅深。皆以小续命汤加减用之。此良法也。但小续命汤。内无通气药。不可独用。若能
以通气汤散兼而服之。必成其功矣。宋氏云。治风之法。当以缓散中通气为先。通则痰气不
熏蒸。风亦可得以摅散。诚哉是言也。小续命汤通治诸风。惟偏枯则不可多用。盖偏枯者。
其人血不荣于一边。小续命汤复发汗亡血故也。偏枯者。半身不遂。肌肉枯瘦。骨间疼痛。
神智如常。治之宜养血。大八风汤、续断汤。风痱者。身无痛处。但四肢缓纵。神智昏乱。
不甚语言。微有知则可治。以其风散涎注。关节气不能行。故四肢不遂也。治之先进太乙神
精丹三粒。次以西州续命汤。风 者。奄不知人。咽中噫噫然有声。以其邪中心肺。涎潮鼻
塞。心肺间 。故不能言。宜用小续命汤、独活汤。风柔者。以风热入于肝脏。使诸筋挛急
。屈不可伸。经曰。寒则挛急。热则弛张。风颤者。以风入肝藏。经络之气不守正位。故使
头招摇而手足颤掉也。风喑者。以风冷之气。客于中。滞而不能发。故使口噤而不能言也。
风痹者。由风寒湿三气。袭于经络。舍于血脉。留于荣卫。故使身顽肉浓。不知痛痒。其证
则有筋骨血肉气之五痹。以属五脏。诸痹始得之在外。速治之无不愈者。及其邪气深入。各
传于脏。无不危殆。故曰风中脉。则口眼 斜。中腑则肢体废。风入脏则性命危矣。又有中
风之病。卒暴昏迷。涎浮胸中。上下相引。声如引锯。皆由饮食过度。嗜欲无节。停留胃中
。使气脉关隔。不得营运。荣卫失度。脏腑怯弱。风邪暴客。相抟成涎。虽投治风药。永不
得下。盖涎浮上部。填塞心胸。诸风闭塞。急当吐之。使快为度。然后急进续命汤。近世方
书多云。中风不可吐。久后令人坏一臂。盖药中多用水银粉。大损脾胃。脾胃既损。四肢不
举。理之必然。殊不知古人治法。其高者因而越之。病在胸上为高。越之为吐也。如朱砂丸
。止是吐胸上积涎。于脾胃何损。用之必效。若无涎。亦慎与吐。恐脾胃俱虚。呕血而死。
不可不知。世有气中。方书无载。考其至理。皆由喜怒不节。气血暴伤。盖暴怒伤阴。暴喜
伤阳。怒则气逆。喜则气缓。气血失常。乱于胸中。壅于经络。滞则生风。渐渐无力。昏困
欲倒。治之当顺气理血。不可妄投风药。至如新沐中风。名曰首风。饮酒中风。名曰漏风。
又曰酒风。入房中风。名曰内风。又曰劳风。各有治法。夫风之为病。有瘙痒者。有瘾疹者
。有疼痛者。有疮疡者。有聋瞽者。有历节者。有颠厥者。有狂妄者。千状万化。莫不由五
脏而生矣。
大抵人之有生。以元气为根。荣卫为本。根气强壮。荣卫和平。腠理致密。外邪客气。
焉能为害。或因喜怒。或因忧思。或因惊恐。或饮食不节。或劳役过伤。遂致真气先虚。荣
卫失度。腠理空疏。邪气乘虚而入。及其感也。为半身不遂。肌肉疼痛。为痰涎壅塞。口眼
斜。偏废不仁。神智昏乱。为舌强不语。顽痹不知。精神恍惚。惊惕恐怖。或自汗恶风。
筋脉挛急。变证多端。治疗之法。当推其所自。若内因七情而得之者。法当调气。不当治风。
外因六淫而得之者。亦先当调气。然后根据所感六气。随证治之。此良法也。但发直吐沫。摇
头上撺。面赤如妆。或头面青黑。汗缀如珠。眼闭口开。声如鼾睡。遗尿不知人者。皆不可
治。
风者。百病之始。善行而数变。行者动也。风本为热。热胜则风动。宜以静胜其躁。养
血是也。治须少汗。亦宜少下。多汗则虚其卫。多下则损其荣。治其在经。虽有汗下之戒。
而有中脏中腑之分。中腑者宜汗之。中脏者宜下之。此虽令汗下。亦不可过也。汗多则亡阳。
下多则亡阴。亡阳则损其气。亡阴则损其形。初谓表里不和宜汗下之。表里已和。是宜治之
在经也。其中腑者。面显五色。有表证而脉浮。恶风恶寒。拘急不仁。或中身之后。或中身
之前。或中身之侧。皆曰中腑也。其治多易。中脏者。唇吻不收。舌不转而失音。鼻不闻香
臭。耳聋而眼瞀。大小便秘结。皆曰中脏也。中脏之病难治也。六腑不和。留结为痈。五脏
不和。九窍不通。无他。乃在经也。初证既定。宜以大药养之。当顺时令而调阴阳。安脏腑
而调荣卫。少有不愈者也。风中腑者。先以加减续命汤。随证发其表。如兼中脏。则大便多
秘涩。宜以三化汤通其滞。初证已定。别无他变。以大药和治之。大抵中腑者多着四肢。中
脏者多滞九窍。惟有中腑者。多兼中脏之证。至于舌强音涩。久服大药。能自愈也。有中风
湿者。夏月多有之。其证身重如山。不能转侧。宜除风胜湿去热之药。切不可针灸治之。气
血痰水。受病于内者也。风寒暑湿。致寇于外者也。人之一身。血气既虚。阴阳不守。饮食
居处。嗜欲无节。冲风卧地。调护不周。于是经络空疏。腠理开彻。风邪乘其虚而入之。挟
热则痿堕缓弛。挟寒则急痛拘挛。自其邪气之入人也。邪气反缓。正气反急。正气引邪。为
僻。为窜视。为掣纵。为搐搦。为瘫痪。为反张。在于阳则皮肤缓。在于阴则为腹里急。
缓则四肢不能收。急则一身不能仰。皆随其邪气所至。表里浅深。而有证也。种类虽多。大
要有四。血气偏虚。半身不遂。肌肉枯瘦。骨间疼痛。谓之偏枯。神智不乱。身体无痛。四
肢不举。一臂不随。谓之风痱（能言则可治）。忽然迷仆。舌强不语。喉中窒塞。噫噫有声。
谓之风 （身有汗则生）。
风寒湿三气。合而为痹。其人肉浓身顽。不知痛痒。风多则走注。寒多则疼痛。湿多则
重着。在筋则筋屈而不伸。在脉则血凝而不流。在肉则不仁。在骨则癃重。夫是之谓风痹。
伤风一证。发热烦躁。头痛面光。恶风自汗。盖风能散气。故有汗也。风家脉浮者。病在表。
脉实者。病在里。脉虚者。病在脏。脉促者。病在上。浮则发散。实则疏导。虚则温之。而
病患壮盛。胸喉澎湃者。瓜蒂散少少吐之。俗谓热则生风。大纲然尔。多有胃虚、气虚、血
虚。虚极而生风者。若诸虚证候。天雄、附子、官桂、川乌。又必不可阙。治法大要。尽以
消痰顺气为先。顺气用南木香、苏合香、香橼辈。消痰用南星、半夏、细辛、僵蚕辈。如石
绿、铁焰、水银、轻粉、铅霜、朴硝等剂。谨勿妄施。寒毒入胃。则血脉凝涩。真气消铄。
不旋踵而成废人。治风良剂。小续命汤为上。排风汤次之。然二药主风不主气。须以人参顺
气散。乌药顺气散。佐助其间。气一流行。则风亦疏散矣。至若口开手撒。泻便遗尿。眼合
不开。汗出不流。吐沫气粗。声如鼾睡。面黑。发直头摇。手足口鼻青冷。口噤而脉急数。
皆为不治之证。若中于肝者。人迎与左关上。脉浮而弦。面目多青。恶风自汗。左胁偏痛。
中于心者。人迎与左寸口。脉洪而浮。面舌俱赤。翕翕发热。喑不能言。中于脾者。人迎与
右关上。脉浮微而迟。四肢怠惰。皮肉 动。身体通黄。中于肺者。人迎与右寸口。脉浮涩
而短。面浮色白。口燥多喘。中于肾者。人迎与左尺。脉浮而滑。面耳色黑。腰脊痛。引小
腹。隐曲不利。中于胃者。两关脉并浮而大。额上多汗。隔塞不通。食寒则泄。凡此风证。
或挟寒则脉带浮迟。挟湿则脉带浮涩。二证俱有。则从偏胜者治之。若因七情六淫而得之者。
当先调气。而从治风邪。仓卒之际。救此急证。宜先以皂角细辛。 入鼻内。通其关窍。次
以苏合香丸擦牙。连进以生姜自然汁。并三生饮。候其苏醒。然后次第进以顺气排风续命之
类。张仲景曰。欲疗诸病。当先以汤荡涤五脏六腑。开通诸脉。治道阴阳。破散邪气。润泽
枯朽。悦人皮肤。益人气血。水能净万物。故用汤也。若四肢病久。风冷发动。次当用散逐
邪。风气湿痹。表里移走。居处无常处者。散当平之。次当用丸。丸药者。能逐风冷。破积
聚。消诸坚癖。进饮食。调和荣卫。能参合而行之者。可谓上工。故曰。医者意也。又曰。
不须汗而强汗之者。出其津液。枯竭而死。须汗而不与汗之者。使诸毛孔闭塞。令人闷绝而
死。又不须下而强下之者。令人开肠洞泄。不禁而死。须下而不与下之者。使人心内懊 。
胀满烦乱。浮肿而死。又不须灸而强与灸者。令人火邪入腹。干错五脏。重加其烦而死。须
灸而不与灸之者。令人冷结重凝。久而弥固。气上冲心。无地消散。病笃而死。
风者百病之长。善行而数变。位列东方甲乙也。时春升也。人甲胆乙肝是也。四气调神
论云。春三月。此谓发陈。发皮毛。发腠理。三冬陈积恶气。是明发汗宜阳气升。天地俱生。
万
生养之道。人病八风所害。难入此说。答曰。素问之道。皆谓人养生失宜而作病也。至真要
大论四反治。为证当通因通用。顺月令升发。以滋阳道。而反补之为之治。经云。风从上受
之。惟宜宣发以去之。缪刺论云。夫邪气之客于形也。必先舍于皮毛。留而不去。入舍于孙
脉。留而不去。入舍于络脉。留而不去。入舍于经脉。内连五脏。散于脾胃。阴阳俱感。五
脏乃伤。此邪之从皮毛而入。极于五脏之次也。如此则治其经焉。凡治诸病。先别阴阳。故
经云。阳盛阴虚。下之则愈。汗之则死。阳虚阴盛。汗之则愈。下之则死。仲景云。发表攻
里。本自不同。夫八正之气风。其至以时。乃生万物者也。切避其寒暑。有和风。有大暑风
。有凉风。有大寒折木风。冲后八风。中人则病。谓之虚风。冬天大寒之风。中人则暴死
。治之大要。先缪刺皮毛孙络。以出其血。无令邪气得入于经脉。百病皆然。俱出皮毛间血
风是天地间浩荡运行的气。顺应正道则能滋养万物，偏邪不正则能伤害各类生灵。人如果受到它的侵袭，很少有不导致死亡的。
因此圣人将风推为百病之首。推究其源，风和气本是同一事物。充斥在天地之间时，因阴阳不同而有所区别；存在于人身之中时，吹（寒凉）与呵（温热）也有所不同。阳表现为风，所以风没有固定形态但具有态势；阴表现为气，所以气有实质但没有威势。吹则冷而强劲成为风，呵则温和柔和成为气。因此在四季之中，八风二十四气，是用来观察阴阳消长变化的机制的。大地呼气形成风。
上古时代的人，那些懂得养生之道的人，效法阴阳规律，调和养生方法。饮食有固定的节制，起居有固定的规律，不妄自过度劳累。所以精气在内安宁，形体与神志在外保全。疾病从哪里产生呢？现在的人，把酒当作浆水随意饮用，把违背常理的行为当作常态，醉酒后行房事，用欲望耗尽自己的精神，用耗散来损耗真元。不知道保持精气的充盈，不按时调摄神志，只求满足心意，违背了养生的乐趣，导致阴阳不调，脏腑之气偏颇，营卫失去节度，气血错乱，经络空虚，腠理不致密，外邪因此得以伤害人体。
风邪中伤人时，其症状突然发生。因为风性紧促暴烈，善于运行且变化多端，它中人很突然。使人眩晕，激惹痰涎上浮，使神志昏乱。《千金方·风论》中有七十二种风证，推究其大法，以五风为首。五风，是指肝、心、脾、肺、肾五脏的风证。关于它们的生死预后，说法各不相同。
肝风的症状：坐立时不能低头，眼眶周围及额头呈现青色，这是可治的。适宜灸肝俞穴。如果出现上气喘促、两眼直视、嘴唇和面部都发青，或者面目大片青黑，或一黄一白，则是死证。
心风的症状：汗自出，仰卧俯伏不能翻身侧转，嘴唇颜色正红，言语狂妄的，可以生还。适宜灸心俞穴。如果唇面颜色青黄黑赤不定，眼睛跳动不止，或者面目时时抽动，这是心气绝的表现，五天后死亡。
脾风的症状：坐立时腹部胀满，不想吃东西，全身发黄，四肢无力收持，口吐涎沫的，还可以治疗。适宜灸脾俞穴。如果手足都发青，木贼土败，必定死亡。
肺风的症状：仰卧时胸部胀满，喘气不停，头目昏闷出汗，鼻子闻不到香臭，不能卧睡，从鼻下到口部颜色发白的，可以治疗。适宜灸肺俞穴。如果出现失血，以及胡言乱语面色黄的，无法治疗，七八天后死亡。
肾风的症状：坐立时腰脚疼痛沉重，观察胁肋边没有黄色出现的，可以治疗。适宜灸肾俞穴。如果牙齿发黄、面色如土色的，是死证。
至于六腑本来没有中风，只有胃有。因为胃是水谷之海，变化五味以资助五脏，胃虚则风邪也能中伤它。胃风的症状：额头出汗，饮食不下，膈塞不通，腹部胀满，脱衣则感觉胀大，张口抬肩呼吸，心下悸动，吃冷的食物则腹泻。孙真人说，刚吃完东西就受风称为胃风，《疟论》也是这个意思。
五脏中风，脉象都浮，但兼见本脏的脉象，并出现在本部，与人迎脉相应。例如肝中风，左手关部与人迎脉，都是浮而弦的。其余都仿照这个规律。
大体上肥胖的人容易患中风，因为他们的肌肤软脆，风邪容易侵入，一旦侵入则深入。庞老曾说：人肥胖则风气不能向外宣泄，就会变成热中症而眼睛发黄；人瘦弱则风气向外宣泄，就会变成寒中症而流泪。这大概是可以知道的。
得了这种病的人，诊察脉象迟而浮的是吉兆，急疾大数的是凶兆。大肠闭涩为顺证，下利为逆证。口眼俱闭的容易治疗，口眼俱开的难治。骨热多烦躁的，要减少热药的使用；脏寒下利的，要减少冷剂的使用。治疗应当根据病的浅深，谨慎不要固执拘泥。各方论中所说的左瘫右痪，是由于邪气中人，邪气所在处反而松弛，正气所在处反而紧急，正气牵引邪气，导致身体歪斜不能自如。《风赋》说：气虚则痪无左右之分，血涩则瘫中两边。由此可知气血俱虚，则瘫痪两证都有。如果气顺血涩，则为瘫风。瘫风，是指筋脉拘急挛缩。如果血顺气虚，则为痪风。痪风，是指肢体软弱抬举不动。不必左边是瘫，右边是痪。痪风不可全用风药，应当用理气药兼用。瘫风则应当用益血补筋祛风的药治疗，这样就能万无一失。
我历观古方，治疗各种风证，不问病的轻重、表里浅深，都用小续命汤加减使用。这是好方法。但小续命汤内没有通气药，不可单独使用。如果能配合通气汤一起服用，一定能成功。宋氏说：治风的方法，应当以缓散中通气为先。通则痰气不熏蒸，风也可以得以疏散。这话确实正确。小续命汤通治诸风，只有偏枯不可多用。因为偏枯的人，血不荣养一边身体，小续命汤会发汗亡血，所以不宜多用。偏枯的症状是半身不遂，肌肉枯瘦，骨间疼痛，神智如常。治疗宜养血，可用大八风汤、续断汤。
风痱的症状：身上无痛处，只是四肢弛缓纵舍，神智昏乱，说话不多，稍微有点知觉的可以治疗。因为风散涎注，关节气不能运行，所以四肢不遂。治疗先进太乙神仙丹三粒，其次用西州续命汤。
风喑的症状：突然不知人事，咽喉中有噫噫的声音。因为邪气中心肺，涎潮鼻塞，心肺间有阻滞，所以不能说话。适宜用小续命汤、独活汤。
风柔的症状：风热进入肝脏，使诸筋挛急，屈曲不能伸展。《经》说：寒则挛急，热则弛张。
风颤的症状：风入肝藏，经络之气不守正位，所以使头摇晃而手足颤抖。
风喑的症状：风冷之气客于中焦，滞涩而不能发声，所以使口噤不能说话。（注：原文此处“风喑”重复出现，前文已有定义，此处指另一种机制或笔误，依原文翻译）。
风痹的症状：由风寒湿三气，袭击经络，停留血脉，滞留营卫，所以使身体顽钝肉厚，不知痛痒。其证则有筋骨血肉气之五痹，分别归属五脏。各种痹证刚开始都在外部，迅速治疗无不痊愈。等到邪气深入，各传于脏，无不危险。所以说风中脉，则口眼歪斜；中腑则肢体废用；风入脏则性命危险。
又有中风病，突然昏迷，涎浮胸中，上下相引，声音像拉锯一样。这都是因为饮食过度，嗜欲无节，停留在胃中，使气脉关隔，不能营运，营卫失去节度，脏腑怯弱，风邪突然客居，相互搏结形成涎。虽然投用治风药，永远不能下去。因为涎浮上部，填塞心胸，诸风闭塞，急需催吐，以快吐为度。然后急忙进服续命汤。近世方书多说中风不可吐，久后令人坏了一臂。因为药中多用水银粉，大损脾胃。脾胃既已受损，四肢不能举动，是理所当然的。却不知道古人治法，病位高的因而使之越出（吐法）。病在胸上为高，越出就是吐。如朱砂丸，只是吐胸上积涎，对脾胃有什么损害？使用一定有效。如果没有涎，也要谨慎使用吐法，恐怕脾胃俱虚，呕血而死。不可不知道。
世上有气中，方书没有记载。考其至理，都是由喜怒不节，气血暴伤造成的。大怒伤阴，大喜伤阳。怒则气逆，喜则气缓。气血失常，乱于胸中，壅于经络，滞则生风，渐渐无力，昏困欲倒。治疗应当顺气理血，不可妄投风药。
至于刚洗头受风，名叫首风；饮酒受风，名叫漏风，又叫酒风；入房受风，名叫内风，又叫劳风。各有治法。
风之为病，有瘙痒的，有瘾疹的，有疼痛的，有疮疡的，有聋瞎的，有历节的，有颠厥的，有狂妄的。千状万化，没有不由五脏产生的。
大体上人的生存，以元气为根，营卫为本。根气强壮，营卫和平，腠理致密，外邪客气，怎么能伤害人体？或者因为喜怒，或者因为忧思，或者因为惊恐，或者饮食不节，或者劳役过伤，导致真气先虚，营卫失去节度，腠理空疏，邪气乘虚而入。等到感邪后，表现为半身不遂，肌肉疼痛，痰涎壅塞，口眼歪斜，偏废不仁，神智昏乱，舌强不语，顽痹不知痛痒，精神恍惚，惊惕恐怖，或者自汗恶风，筋脉挛急。变证多端，治疗之法，应当推求其来源。如果是内因七情而得的，法当调气，不当治风。如果是外因六淫而得的，也先当调气，然后根据所感的六气，随证治疗。这是好方法。但如果发直吐沫，摇头上撺，面赤如妆，或者头面青黑，汗珠如串，眼闭口开，声如鼾睡，遗尿不知人事的，都不可治。
风，是百病的开始，善于运行且变化多端。行就是动。风本为热，热胜则风动。宜以静胜其躁，养血就是静。治疗须少发汗，也宜少攻下。多汗则虚其卫气，多下则损其营血。治疗其在经，虽然有汗下的禁忌，但有中脏中腑的区别。中腑者宜汗之，中脏者宜下之。这虽然是令汗下，也不可过量。汗多则亡阳，下多则亡阴。亡阳则损其气，亡阴则损其形。初起谓表里不和宜汗下之，表里已和，是宜治其在经。
其中腑者，面色显现五色，有表证而脉浮，恶风恶寒，拘急不仁，或者中身之后，或者中身之前，或者中身之侧，都叫中腑。其治疗多容易。中脏者，唇吻不收，舌不转而失音，鼻子闻不到香臭，耳聋而眼花，大小便秘结，都叫中脏。中脏的病难治。六腑不和，留结为痈；五脏不和，九窍不通。没有其他原因，乃是在经。初证既定，宜以大药养之。应当顺时令而调阴阳，安脏腑而调营卫，很少有不好的。
风中腑者，先以加减续命汤，随证发散其表。如果兼中脏，则大便多秘涩，宜以三化汤通其滞。初证已定，别无他变，以大药和治之。大体中腑者多着四肢，中脏者多滞九窍。惟有中腑者，多兼中脏之证。至于舌强音涩，久服大药，能自愈。
有中风湿者，夏月多有之。其证身重如山，不能转侧。宜除风胜湿去热之药。切不可针灸治疗。
气血痰水，是受病于内；风寒暑湿，是致寇于外。人之一身，血气既虚，阴阳不守，饮食居处，嗜欲无节，冲风卧地，调护不周，于是经络空疏，腠理开彻，风邪乘其虚而入之。挟热则痿堕缓弛，挟寒则急痛拘挛。自其邪气之入人也，邪气反缓，正气反急，正气引邪，为僻，为窜视，为掣纵，为搐搦，为瘫痪，为反张。在于阳则皮肤缓，在于阴则为腹里急。缓则四肢不能收，急则一身不能仰。皆随其邪气所至，表里浅深，而有证也。种类虽多，大要有四。
血气偏虚，半身不遂，肌肉枯瘦，骨间疼痛，谓之偏枯。神智不乱，身体无痛，四肢不举，一臂不随，谓之风痱（能言则可治）。忽然迷仆，舌强不语，喉中窒塞，噫噫有声，谓之风喑（身有汗则生）。
风寒湿三气，合而为痹。其人肉厚身顽，不知痛痒。风多则走注，寒多则疼痛，湿多则重着。在筋则筋屈而不伸，在脉则血凝而不流，在肉则不仁，在骨则癃重。夫是之谓风痹。
伤风一证，发热烦躁，头痛面光，恶风自汗。盖风能散气，故有汗也。风家脉浮者，病在表；脉实者，病在里；脉虚者，病在脏；脉促者，病在上。浮则发散，实则疏导，虚则温之。而病患壮盛，胸喉澎湃者，瓜蒂散少少吐之。俗谓热则生风，大纲然尔。多有胃虚、气虚、血虚，虚极而生风者。若诸虚证候，天雄、附子、官桂、川乌，又必不可阙。治法大要，尽以消痰顺气为先。顺气用南木香、苏合香、香橼辈。消痰用南星、半夏、细辛、僵蚕辈。如石绿、铁焰、水银、轻粉、铅霜、朴硝等剂，谨勿妄施。寒毒入胃，则血脉凝涩，真气消铄，不旋踵而成废人。
治风良剂，小续命汤为上，排风汤次之。然二药主风不主气，须以人参顺气散、乌药顺气散佐助其间。气一流行，则风亦疏散矣。至若口开手撒，泻便遗尿，眼合不开，汗出不流，吐沫气粗，声如鼾睡，面黑，发直头摇，手足口鼻青冷，口噤而脉急数，皆为不治之证。
若中于肝者，人迎与左关上，脉浮而弦，面目多青，恶风自汗，左胁偏痛。中于心者，人迎与左寸口，脉洪而浮，面舌俱赤，翕翕发热，喑不能言。中于脾者，人迎与右关上，脉浮微而迟，四肢怠惰，皮肉瞤动，身体通黄。中于肺者，人迎与右寸口，脉浮涩而短，面浮色白，口燥多喘。中于肾者，人迎与左尺，脉浮而滑，面耳色黑，腰脊痛，引小腹，隐曲不利。中于胃者，两关脉并浮而大，额上多汗，隔塞不通，食寒则泄。凡此风证，或挟寒则脉带浮迟，挟湿则脉带浮涩。二证俱有，则从偏胜者治之。
若因七情六淫而得之者，当先调气，而从治风邪。仓卒之际，救此急证，宜先以皂角、细辛，纳入口鼻内，通其关窍。次以苏合香丸擦牙，连进以生姜自然汁，并三生饮，候其苏醒，然后次第进以顺气、排风、续命之类。
张仲景曰：欲疗诸病，当先以汤荡涤五脏六腑，开通诸脉，治道阴阳，破散邪气，润泽枯朽，悦人皮肤，益人气血。水能净万物，故用汤也。若四肢病久，风冷发动，次当用散逐邪。风气湿痹，表里移走，居处无常处者，散当平之。次当用丸。丸药者，能逐风冷，破积聚，消诸坚癖，进饮食，调和营卫。能参合而行之者，可谓上工。故曰：医者意也。
又曰：不须汗而强汗之者，出其津液，枯竭而死。须汗而不与汗之者，使诸毛孔闭塞，令人闷绝而死。又不须下而强下之者，令人开肠洞泄，不禁而死。须下而不与下之者，使人心内懊憹，胀满烦乱，浮肿而死。又不须灸而强与灸者，令人火邪入腹，干错五脏，重加其烦而死。须灸而不与灸之者，令人冷结重凝，久而弥固，气上冲心，无地消散，病笃而死。
风者，百病之长，善行而数变。位列东方甲乙也。时春升也。人甲胆乙肝是也。《四气调神论》云：春三月，此谓发陈。发皮毛，发腠理，三冬陈积恶气，是明发汗宜阳气升，天地俱生，万物...（原文此处截断，推测后续为“万物生机”之类，但依规则不增添，故止于此或根据上下文补全语义但不加新词，此处原文最后几字不完整，按现有文本翻译）。
人生养之道，人病八风所害，难入此说。答曰：《素问》之道，皆谓人养生失宜而作病也。至真要大论四反治，为证当通因通用，顺月令升发，以滋阳道，而反补之为之治。经云：风从上受之，惟宜宣发以去之。《缪刺论》云：夫邪气之客于形也，必先舍于皮毛，留而不去，入舍于孙脉，留而不去，入舍于络脉，留而不去，入舍于经脉，内连五脏，散于脾胃，阴阳俱感，五脏乃伤。此邪之从皮毛而入，极于五脏之次也。如此则治其经焉。
凡治诸病，先别阴阳。故经云：阳盛阴虚，下之则愈，汗之则死。阳虚阴盛，汗之则愈，下之则死。仲景云：发表攻里，本自不同。夫八正之气风，其至以时，乃生万物者也。切避其寒暑，有和风，有大暑风，有凉风，有大寒折木风，冲后八风，中人则病，谓之虚风。冬天大寒之风，中人则暴死。治之大要，先缪刺皮毛孙络，以出其血，无令邪气得入于经脉，百病皆然，俱出皮毛间血...（原文此处截断）。
Wind is the vast and vigorous Qi (vital energy) of heaven and earth. When it follows the correct path, it can nourish all things; when it is deviant and evil, it can harm various species. If humans are struck by it, few escape death.
Therefore, sages regard wind as the leader of a hundred diseases. Tracing its origin, wind and Qi are essentially the same entity. Filling the space between heaven and earth, they differ according to Yin and Yang; within the human body, they manifest differently as "blowing" (cold and forceful) and "breathing out warmth" (warm and gentle). Yang manifests as wind, so wind has no fixed form but possesses momentum; Yin manifests as Qi, so Qi has substance but lacks forcefulness. Blowing is cold and strong, becoming wind; breathing out warmth is mild and harmonious, becoming Qi. Thus, within the four seasons, the Eight Winds and Twenty-Four Solar Terms serve to observe the mechanisms of Yin-Yang waxing and waning. The great earth exhales to create wind.
People in ancient times who understood the Dao followed the laws of Yin and Yang and harmonized their techniques of life preservation. They had regular dietary habits and routines for rest and activity, avoiding excessive labor. Thus, their Jing (essence) and Qi remained secure internally, and their physical form and Shen (spirit) were preserved externally. How could disease arise? Today's people treat wine as water, make irregularity their norm, engage in sexual intercourse while drunk, exhaust their Jing-Shen through desires, and dissipate their Zhen (true) Qi. They do not know how to maintain fullness, fail to regulate their Shen appropriately, seek only immediate gratification, and act against the joys of life. This leads to disharmony of Yin and Yang, bias in Zang-Fu Qi, loss of regulation in Ying (nutritive) and Wei (defensive) Qi, disorder of Blood and Qi, emptiness of meridians, and loose interstices (couli), allowing external pathogens to invade.
When Wind Pathogen strikes the human body, symptoms appear suddenly. Because wind nature is tight and violent, agile and changeable, its invasion is abrupt. It causes dizziness, induces floating phlegm-saliva, and disrupts mental clarity. *Qianjin Fang*’s *Treatise on Wind* describes seventy-two types of wind syndromes. Generally, the Five Winds are primary. The Five Winds refer to wind affecting the Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, and Kidney. Their prognoses regarding life and death vary.
**Liver Wind:** The patient sits unable to bow the head; cyanosis surrounds the eyes and forehead. This is treatable. Moxibustion at *Ganshu* (BL18) is indicated. If there is upper-body wheezing, staring eyes, cyanosis of lips and face, or large areas of cyanosis/blackness on the face, or one side yellow and one white, it is fatal.
**Heart Wind:** Spontaneous sweating, inability to turn from supine to prone or vice versa, bright red lips, and delirious speech indicate survival. Moxibustion at *Xinshu* (BL15) is indicated. If lip/face colors fluctuate among cyan, yellow, black, and red, with constant eye twitching or facial spasms, this indicates Heart Qi exhaustion, leading to death in five days.
**Spleen Wind:** Sitting with abdominal distension, anorexia, generalized jaundice, flaccid limbs, and salivary froth spitting. This is still treatable. Moxibustion at *Pishu* (BL20) is indicated. If hands and feet become cyan, indicating Wood overacting on Earth failure, it is fatal.
**Lung Wind:** Supine with chest fullness, continuous wheezing, dizziness/suffocation with sweating, anosmia, inability to lie down. Whiteness from nose to mouth is treatable. Moxibustion at *Feishu* (BL13) is indicated. If accompanied by hemoptysis or delirium with yellow complexion, it is untreatable, leading to death in 7-8 days.
**Kidney Wind:** Sitting with heavy/painful waist and legs. If no yellow color appears around the costal region, it is treatable. Moxibustion at *Shenshu* (BL23) is indicated. If teeth turn yellow and face resembles soil color, it is fatal.
Six Fu-organs generally do not suffer from Zhongfeng (Wind Stroke), except the Stomach. As the Sea of Water and Grain, transforming flavors to nourish the Zang-organs, if deficient, Wind Pathogen can strike it. **Stomach Wind:** Sweating on the forehead, inability to eat, blockage/fullness, abdominal distension worsening when undressed, dyspnea with shoulder lifting, palpitations, diarrhea after cold food. Sun Simiao states that wind contracted immediately after eating is called Stomach Wind.
For Wind Stroke of the Five Zang-organs, pulses are generally Floating, but combined with the pulse of the specific organ at its corresponding position, matching the *Renying* (ST9) pulse. For example, Liver Wind shows Floating and Wiry pulses at the Left Guan position and *Renying*.
Generally, obese individuals are prone to Wind Stroke because their soft skin allows easy penetration, leading to deep invasion. Pang Lao stated: Obesity prevents wind from venting outward, causing Heat-Zhong (internal heat) with yellow eyes; emaciation allows wind to vent outward, causing Cold-Zhong with tearing.
Prognosis: Slow and Floating pulses are auspicious; rapid, urgent, large, and numerous pulses are ominous. Large Intestine constipation is favorable; diarrhea is unfavorable. Closed mouth and eyes are easier to treat; open mouth and eyes are difficult. Bone heat with irritability requires reducing hot herbs; internal cold with diarrhea requires reducing cold agents. Treatment must follow the depth of the disease without rigid adherence.
Regarding "Left Paralysis and Right Flaccidity" mentioned in texts: This arises because pathogenic Qi makes the affected side slack, while healthy Qi becomes tense, pulling the body awry. *Feng Fu* states: Qi deficiency causes flaccidity without lateral preference; Blood stasis causes paralysis on both sides. Thus, dual deficiency leads to both conditions. If Qi is smooth but Blood is stagnant, it is Paralysis-Wind (Jingmai contraction/spasm). If Blood is smooth but Qi is deficient, it is Flaccidity-Wind (weakness/inability to lift). Do not assume left is paralysis and right is flaccidity. Flaccidity-Wind should not be treated solely with Wind-dispersing herbs but with Qi-regulating herbs. Paralysis-Wind requires blood-nourishing, tendon-supplementing, and wind-expelling herbs.
Ancient formulas often used *Xiaoxuming Tang* (Minor Continuation Life Decoction) for all winds regardless of severity or depth. This is good practice, but *Xiaoxuming Tang* lacks Qi-circulating herbs and should not be used alone. Combining it with *Tongqi Tang* (Qi-Circulating Decoction) ensures success. Song Shi stated: Treating wind requires prioritizing gentle dispersion and Qi circulation to prevent phlegm-Qi steaming, allowing wind to disperse.
*Xiaoxuming Tang* treats general wind but should be used sparingly for Pianku (Hemiplegia) because it induces sweating and blood loss, whereas Pianku involves lack of blood nourishment on one side. Pianku presents as hemiplegia, emaciated muscles, bone pain, with clear consciousness. Treatment should nourish blood using *Dabafeng Tang* (Great Eight Winds Decoction) or *Xuduan Tang* (Dipsacus Decoction).
**Fengfei** (Wind Ataxia): No body pain, only flaccid limbs, confused consciousness, reduced speech. Slightly conscious cases are treatable due to wind scattering saliva and joint Qi stagnation. Treat first with three pills of *Taiyi Shenyang Dan*, then *Xizhou Xuming Tang*.
**Fengyin** (Wind Aphasia): Sudden unconsciousness, gurgling sounds in throat. Pathogen affects Heart/Lung, causing saliva flooding and nasal blockage. Use *Xiaoxuming Tang* or *Duhuo Tang*.
**Fengrou** (Wind Softness): Wind-Heat enters Liver, causing tendon spasms and inability to extend. Classic text: Cold causes spasm, Heat causes relaxation.
**Fengchan** (Wind Tremor): Wind enters Liver, disrupting meridian Qi, causing head shaking and limb tremors.
**Fengbi** (Wind Bi): Caused by Wind-Cold-Damp invading meridians and vessels, stagnating in Ying/Wei. Causes numbness and insensitivity. Includes five types (Sinew, Vessel, Flesh, Bone, Qi) associated with Zang-organs. Early treatment cures; late transmission to Zang is dangerous. Wind in meridians causes facial deviation; in Fu-organs, limb disability; in Zang-organs, life-threatening.
Sudden coma with chest phlegm and sawing sounds results from overeating/desires causing Qi blockage and phlegm formation. Even wind herbs fail. Immediate vomiting is required to clear upper Jiao phlegm, followed by *Xuming Tang*. Modern texts forbid vomiting due to mercury toxicity damaging Spleen/Stomach. Ancient methods like *Zhusha Wan* vomit upper phlegm safely. Avoid vomiting if no phlegm exists to prevent Spleen/Stomach collapse.
**Qi Zhong** (Qi Strike): Not in standard texts. Caused by emotional extremes injuring Qi/Blood. Anger reverses Qi; Joy relaxes Qi. Symptoms include weakness and fainting. Treat by regulating Qi and Blood, not dispersing wind.
Specific winds: Head Wind (after washing), Leak Wind/Wine Wind (after drinking), Internal Wind/Labor Wind (after sex).
Wind diseases present as itching, urticaria, pain, ulcers, deafness/blindness, joint pain, convulsions, madness. All stem from the Five Zang-organs.
Life depends on Yuan Qi (Root) and Ying/Wei (Foundation). Strong root and harmonious Ying/Wei protect against pathogens. Emotional stress, worry, fear, diet, or overwork deplete True Qi, loosen couli, and allow invasion. Symptoms include hemiplegia, pain, phlegm obstruction, facial deviation, numbness, confusion, tongue stiffness, insomnia, palpitations, spontaneous sweating, tendon spasms. Treatment must address the cause: Seven Emotions require Qi regulation; Six Evils require Qi regulation followed by syndrome-specific treatment.
Incurable signs: Straight hair, foaming, head tossing, flushed face, cyanotic head/face, bead-like sweat, closed eyes/open mouth, snoring, incontinence.
Wind is the beginning of diseases, agile and changing. Wind originates from Heat; Heat excess causes Wind movement. Calmness overcomes agitation; Nourishing Blood is calm. Avoid excessive sweating (damages Wei) or purging (damages Ying). Differentiate Middle-Fu (exterior, sweating indicated) vs. Middle-Zang (interior, purging indicated). Excessive sweating loses Yang; excessive purging loses Yin.
**Middle-Fu:** Color changes, exterior signs, Floating pulse, aversion to wind/cold, stiffness. Affects posterior, anterior, or lateral body. Easier to treat.
**Middle-Zang:** Relaxed lips, immobile tongue/aphonia, anosmia, deafness, blurred vision, constipation. Difficult to treat.
After stabilization, use major tonics to harmonize Yin/Yang and Zang/Fu according to seasons. For Middle-Fu, use modified *Xuming Tang* to release exterior. If combined with Middle-Zang (constipation), use *Sanhua Tang* to unblock.
**Wind-Damp:** Summer prevalence, heavy body, immobility. Use wind-dispersing, damp-draining, heat-clearing herbs. Avoid acupuncture/moxibustion.
Pathogenesis: Internal deficiency of Blood/Qi/Phlegm/Water; External invasion of Wind/Cold/Summerheat/Damp. Deficiency allows wind entry. With Heat: flaccidity; With Cold: cramping pain. Pathogen causes slackness on affected side, tension on healthy side, pulling body awry. Manifestations include deviation, darting eyes, spasms, convulsions, paralysis, opisthotonos. Yang involvement causes skin laxity; Yin involvement causes abdominal tightness.
Types:
1. **Pianku:** Hemiplegia, emaciation, bone pain.
2. **Fengfei:** Clear mind, no pain, limb paralysis. Treatable if speaking.
3. **Fengyin:** Sudden collapse, aphonia, throat obstruction. Prognostic if sweating.
**Bi Syndrome:** Combined Wind-Cold-Damp. Numbness, heaviness. Wind predominance: wandering pain; Cold: severe pain; Damp: heaviness. Affects sinews, vessels, flesh, bones.
**Wind-Cold Injury:** Fever, irritability, headache, shiny face, aversion to wind, spontaneous sweating. Wind disperses Qi, causing sweat. Pulse diagnosis: Floating (Exterior), Solid (Interior), Deficient (Zang), Rapid/Agitated (Upper). Treat accordingly. For robust patients with chest/phlegm distress, use *Gua Di San* (Melon Sepal Powder) cautiously to vomit.
Deficiency-generated wind (Stomach/Qi/Blood deficiency) requires warming herbs like Tianxiong, Fuzi, Guigui, Chuanwu. General treatment prioritizes resolving phlegm and regulating Qi (Nanmuxiang, Suhexiang, Xiangyuan) and resolving phlegm (Nanxing, Banxia, Xixin, Jiangcan). Avoid toxic minerals (Shilv, Tieyan, Yinyin, Qingfen, Qianshuang, Puxiao). Cold toxins damage stomach and Qi, leading to disability.
Best wind formulas: *Xiaoxuming Tang* (best), *Paifeng Tang* (second). Both target wind, not Qi. Combine with *Renshen Shunqi San* or *Wuyao Shunqi San* to circulate Qi, which disperses wind.
Incurable signs: Open mouth/hands, incontinence, closed eyes, no sweat, coarse breath/snoring, black face, straight hair/head shaking, cold extremities, clenched jaw with rapid pulse.
Organ-specific pulses/symptoms:
- **Liver:** Renying & Left Guan Floating/Wiry; Cyan face/eyes, aversion to wind, left hypochondriac pain.
- **Heart:** Renying & Left Cun Hong/Floating; Red face/tongue, fever, aphonia.
- **Spleen:** Renying & Right Guan Floating/Slight/Slow; Limb fatigue, muscle twitching, jaundice.
- **Lung:** Renying & Right Cun Floating/Astringent/Short; Puffy white face, dry mouth, wheezing.
- **Kidney:** Renying & Left Chi Floating/Slippery; Black face/ears, back pain, lower abdominal issues.
- **Stomach:** Both Guan Floating/Large; Forehead sweat, blockage, diarrhea from cold.
Mixed patterns (Cold/Damp) follow the predominant pathogen. Emotional/Etiological origins require prior Qi regulation. Emergency treatment: Insert *Zaojiao* and *Xixin* into nose/mouth to open orifices. Rub teeth with *Suhe Xiang Wan*, administer fresh ginger juice and *Sansheng Yin*. Once conscious, proceed with Qi-regulating and wind-dispersing formulas.
Zhang Zhongjing stated: Use Decoctions (Tang) to cleanse organs, open meridians, balance Yin/Yang, scatter pathogens, moisten tissues, and benefit Qi/Blood. Powders (San) are for chronic limb wind-cold. Pills (Wan) are for persistent wind-cold, accumulations, and hard masses. Integrating these methods defines a master physician ("Yi Zhe Yi Ye" - Medicine is intention/thought).
Warnings against improper treatment: Unnecessary sweating depletes fluids; necessary sweating withheld causes suffocation. Unnecessary purging causes diarrhea; necessary purging withheld causes internal turmoil and edema. Unnecessary moxibustion introduces fire pathogen; necessary moxibustion withheld causes cold stagnation and cardiac oppression.
Wind is the leader of diseases, associated with East, Wood, Spring, Gallbladder, and Liver. *Si Qi Tiao Shen Lun* states spring is for renewal, opening pores to expel winter stagnation via sweating (Yang rising). *Su Wen* attributes disease to poor lifestyle management. *Zhi Yao Da Lun* discusses counter-treatment. Wind enters from above; disperse it. *Miao Ci Lun* details pathogen progression: Skin -> Sun Collaterals -> Luo Collaterals -> Main Meridians -> Zang-Fu. Treatment should start at the meridian level.
Differentiate Yin/Yang first. Excess Yang/Deficient Yin: Purge heals, Sweat kills. Deficient Yang/Excess Yin: Sweat heals, Purge kills. Exterior release and Interior attack are distinct.
Eight Regular Winds arrive seasonally and generate life. Avoid extreme winds (Harmonious, Great Heat, Cool, Great Cold breaking wood). Post-eight winds striking humans are "Empty Winds." Winter cold wind causes sudden death. Treatment priority: *Miao Ci* puncture skin/sun collaterals to bleed, preventing pathogen entry into main meridians. This applies to all diseases originating from skin blood...