人参、黄 ，皆补气助阳之剂，凡痘色白陷者宜用之，若红紫壮实者，用之则愈热而毒愈
炽，红紫者转为枯黑，反甚矣。
白术能燥湿，专补气分，亦能闭气，多用则润，气不行，痘难成浆，助阳生火，亦难收敛。
茯苓、猪苓、泽泻渗泄燥湿，能令水气下行，多服则津液耗散，凡阴虚于下而精血不足者当
避之。
川芎性升气散，凡气虚者不宜多用，火浮于上而头痛浮肿者忌之。
生地性寒，肠胃虚寒者慎之。
升麻提气上冲，凡下虚上实，气壅烦躁者忌之。
柴胡清散而润利，汗多者不宜用，脾泄者不宜多用。
紫草性寒利窍，多服成泄泻，脾气虚者忌之。
鼠粘子通肌滑窍，多服恐内损中气，外致表虚。
蝉蜕能开肌窍，多服恐泄元气以致表虚。
麻黄开窍，大泄肌表，妄用恐表虚气脱。
干葛，性凉解肌，多用恐致表虚。
枳壳，下气宽肠，多用则损中气。
山楂，散血解结，多则伤血陷气。
砂仁，散气动气，气虚者不宜用。
乌梅，酸敛，宜散宜行者不宜用。
穿山甲，锐性有余，补性不足，若任用攻毒而不以王道为之帅，则无异追穷寇而出孤
注，能善其终者鲜矣。
人牙，性烈，发表太过，若妄用之，则内动中气，外增溃烂。
诃子、龙骨、枯矾皆能阻塞肌窍，欲通利者宜避之。
大黄，耗削力雄，血气中虚者不可轻用。
黄连，大苦大寒，原非浓肠之物，泄泻无火者大忌之。
山栀、黄芩、黄柏、石膏、龙胆草、滑石、远翘、前胡、天花粉之类，皆大寒之物，
非有实火热毒者，不得妄行滥用。
附子、干姜、肉桂、吴茱萸之类，性皆温热，凡烦热、紫黑、便结、毒盛者，皆不可轻用。
栝蒌仁开结陷气滑肠，凡虚痰虚火及中气不足，而为喘促胀满，大便不实者，皆大忌之。
桑虫，亦名桑蚕，不知创自何人，用以发痘，今浴医以为奇品，竞相传用。余尝遍考本草、
痘疹诸书，皆所不载，及审其性质，不过为阴寒湿毒之虫耳。惟其有毒，所以亦能发痘，惟其
寒湿，所以最能败脾。且发痘者，不从血气而从毒药，痘虽起而中则败矣，此与揠苗者何异？
矧以湿毒侵脾，弱稚何堪？故每见多服桑虫者，毒发则唇肤俱裂，脾败则泄泻不止，前之既
覆，后可鉴矣。其奈蒙蒙者，率犹长夜之不醒何？盖其但见痘之死，总未知败在虫毒也。余
欲呼之，用斯代柝，而并咎夫作俑者之可恨。
人参、黄芪，都是补气助阳的药物，凡是痘疹颜色发白且凹陷的应当使用。如果痘色红紫且体质壮实的人，使用了就会使热更盛、毒邪更炽烈，原本红紫的痘疹反而转为枯黑，病情更加严重。
白术能够燥湿，专门补益气分，但也容易闭气，用量过多则会导致滋润过度而气机运行不畅，痘疹难以化脓成浆；它助阳生火，也不利于痘疹收敛。
茯苓、猪苓、泽泻具有渗湿利水、燥湿的作用，能使水气下行，但多服会耗散津液，凡是下部阴虚、精血不足的人应当避免使用。
川芎性质升散，凡是气虚的人不宜多用，火气上浮导致头痛浮肿的人忌用。
鼠粘子（牛蒡子）能通利肌肤滑窍，多服恐怕损伤中气，导致体表虚弱。
乌梅，酸涩收敛，适宜疏散和行气的病症不宜使用。
穿山甲，锐利攻伐有余，补益不足，如果随意使用其攻毒功效而不以温和王道之法为主帅，那无异于追击穷寇而孤注一掷，能善终的很少了。
黄连，大苦大寒，本来就不是厚肠之物，对于没有实火的泄泻是大忌。
山栀、黄芩、黄柏、石膏、龙胆草、滑石、远志、前胡、天花粉等类，都是大寒之物，如果没有实火热毒，不得妄自滥用。
附子、干姜、肉桂、吴茱萸等类，性质皆温热，凡是烦热、痘色紫黑、大便干结、毒盛的人，都不可轻率使用。
栝蒌仁开结陷气、滑肠，凡是虚痰虚火以及中气不足，而出现喘促胀满、大便不成形的人，都是大忌。
桑虫，又名桑蚕，不知是谁首创，用来发痘，现在一些医生视为奇品，竞相传用。我曾遍考本草及痘疹诸书，都没有记载，并审视其性质，不过是阴寒湿毒之虫罢了。正因为有毒，所以也能发痘；正因为寒湿，所以最能败坏脾胃。而且发痘如果不从调理血气入手而从毒药入手，痘虽发出但中气已败，这与拔苗助长有什么区别？况且湿毒侵犯脾胃，弱小的孩童怎能承受？所以我常见多服桑虫的人，毒发时嘴唇皮肤俱裂，脾败时泄泻不止，前面的失败可以作为后面的借鉴。无奈那些蒙昧无知的人，依然像长夜不醒一样怎么办？他们只见痘疹致死，根本不知道败亡在于虫毒。我想呼吁废除这种代替柝木（指代错误疗法或迷信做法）的做法，并谴责创始者的可恨。
Ginseng Radix (Renshen) and Astragali Radix (Huangqi) are both agents that tonify Qi and assist Yang. They should be used when the pustules are white and depressed. However, if used in cases where the pustules are red-purple and the constitution is robust, it will exacerbate heat and intensify toxicity, causing the red-purple pustules to turn withered and black, thereby worsening the condition.
Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu) can dry dampness and specifically tonifies the Qi aspect, but it can also obstruct Qi flow. Excessive use leads to excessive moistening and stagnation of Qi movement, making it difficult for pustules to mature into pus; its ability to assist Yang and generate fire also hinders the astringency required for healing.
Poria (Fuling), Polyporus (Zhuling), and Alisma Rhizoma (Zexie) promote urination and drain dampness, directing water qi downward. However, prolonged use dissipates body fluids; thus, they should be avoided in patients with Yin deficiency in the lower jiao and insufficient essence and blood.
Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong) has an ascending and dispersing nature. It should not be used in excess by those with Qi deficiency, nor by those with floating fire causing headache and edema.
Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdi) is cold in nature and should be used cautiously by those with deficiency-cold of the stomach and intestines.
Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma) lifts Qi upward. It is contraindicated in cases of deficiency below and excess above, or where Qi stagnation causes irritability.
Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) clears and disperses while being moistening and promoting free flow. It is unsuitable for those with profuse sweating and should not be used in excess by those with Spleen deficiency diarrhea.
Leonuri Fructus (Zicao) is cold and unblocks orifices. Excessive use may cause diarrhea and is contraindicated for those with Spleen Qi deficiency.
Arctii Fructus (Niubangzi) unblocks skin pores and promotes smoothness. Excessive use may damage Middle Qi internally and lead to exterior deficiency externally.
Mantidis Oötheca (Chantui) opens skin pores. Excessive use may leak Yuan Qi, leading to exterior deficiency.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) opens orifices and greatly disperses the muscle layer. Misuse may lead to exterior deficiency and Qi collapse.
Puerariae Radix (Gegen) is cool and releases the muscle layer. Excessive use may lead to exterior deficiency.
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (Zhike) directs Qi downward and expands the intestines. Excessive use damages Middle Qi.
Crataegi Fructus (Shanzha) disperses blood and resolves knots. Excessive use injures blood and sinks Qi.
Amomi Fructus Rotundus (Sharen) disperses and moves Qi; it is unsuitable for those with Qi deficiency.
Mume Fructus (Wumei) is sour and astringent; it should not be used when dispersion and movement are indicated.
Manis Squama (Chuanshanjia) has strong penetrating and attacking properties but lacks tonifying effects. If used recklessly for detoxification without guiding it by gentle, orthodox methods, it is akin to chasing a desperate enemy with all one's resources; few will survive the outcome.
Human Teeth (Renya) have a fierce nature and release the exterior too aggressively. Misuse disturbs Middle Qi internally and increases ulceration externally.
Terminalia Chebula Retzii Fructus (Hezi), Os Draconis (Longgu), and Alum (Kufan) can block skin pores. Those seeking patency should avoid them.
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang) has powerful draining and reducing effects. It should not be used lightly by those with deficiency of Qi and Blood.
Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) is extremely bitter and cold. It is not suitable for thickening the intestines and is strictly contraindicated in diarrhea without Fire.
Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhi), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), Gentianae Radix (Longdancao), Talcum (Huashi), Polygalae Radix (Yuanzhi), Peucedani Radix (Qianhu), and Trichosanthis Radix (Tianhuafen) are all extremely cold substances. They must not be used recklessly unless there is excess Heat-Fire and toxicity.
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi), Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang), Cinnamomi Cortex (Rougui), and Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu) are all warm and hot in nature. They should not be used lightly in cases of irritability-heat, purple-black pustules, constipation, or severe toxicity.
Trichosanthis Semen (Gualouren) resolves knots, sinks Qi, and lubricates the intestines. It is strictly contraindicated in cases of deficiency-phlegm, deficiency-fire, insufficient Middle Qi, wheezing, distension, fullness, and loose stools.
Sericum Bombycis (Sangchong), also known as silkworm, originated from unknown sources and is used to induce pustules. Some physicians regard it as a rare item and use it competitively. I have examined Materia Medica and various texts on smallpox/rashes, finding no records. Upon examining its nature, it is merely an insect of Yin-cold and damp-toxicity. Because it is toxic, it can induce pustules; because it is cold and damp, it best damages the Spleen. Inducing pustules through toxins rather than regulating Qi and Blood means that although pustules may appear, the Middle Jiao is ruined. What difference is this from pulling shoots to help them grow? Moreover, how can weak children withstand damp-toxin invading the Spleen? I often see that those who take Sangchong excessively suffer cracked lips and skin upon toxin eruption, and incessant diarrhea upon Spleen failure. The previous failures serve as lessons for the future. Yet, how can we deal with the ignorant who remain asleep through the long night? They only see death from pustules, unaware that the ruin lies in insect toxicity. I wish to call for the abolition of this practice and condemn the abominable originator.