关格之脉,必弦大至极。夫弦者为中虚,浮大者为阴虚,此肾水大亏,有阳无阴之脉也
。治此者,宜以峻补真阴为主,然又当察其虚中之寒热,阴中之阴阳,分别处治,斯尽善也
。
一、关格证,凡兼阳脏者必多热,宜一阴煎、左归饮、左归丸之类主之。兼阴脏者必多
寒,宜大营煎、右归饮、右归丸之类主之。若不热不寒,脏气本平者,宜五福饮、三阴煎及
大补元煎之类主之。
一、关格证,所伤根本已甚,虽药饵必不可废,如精虚者当助其精,气虚者当助其气,
其有言难尽悉者,宜于古今补阵诸方中择宜用之。斯固治之之法,然必须远居别室,养静澄
心,假以岁月,斯可全愈。若不避绝人事,加意调理,而但靠药饵,则恐一暴十寒,得失相
半,终无济于事也。凡患此者,不可不知。
五福饮(新补六) 大营煎(新补十四) 大补元煎(新补一) 一阴煎(新补八) 三阴煎(
新补十一) 左归饮(新补二) 左归丸(新补四) 右归饮(新补三) 右归丸(新补五)
《平人气象论》曰∶平人之常气禀于胃,胃者平人之常气也,人无胃气曰逆,逆者死。
人以水谷为本,故人绝水谷则死,脉无胃气亦死,所谓无胃气者,但得真脏脉,不得胃气也
。
《营卫生会篇》曰∶人受气于谷,谷入于胃,以传于肺,五脏六腑,皆以受气,其清者
为营,浊者为卫,营在脉中,卫在脉外。
《五味篇》曰;天地之精气,其大数常出三入一,故谷不入,半日则气衰,一日则气少
矣。
《平人绝谷篇》曰∶肠胃之中常留谷二斗,水一斗五升;故平人日再后,后二升半,一
日中五升,七日五七三斗五升,而留水谷尽矣。故平人不食饮七日而死者,水谷精气津液皆
尽故也。
《六节藏象论》曰∶天食人以五气,地食人以五味。五气入鼻,藏于心肺,上使五色修
明,音声能彰。五味入口,藏于肠胃,味有所藏,以养五气,气和而生,津液相成,神乃自
生。
《刺节真邪论》曰∶真气者,所受于天,与谷气并而充身也。
《经脉别论》曰∶食气入胃,散精于肝,淫气于筋。食气入胃,浊气归心,淫精于脉,
脉气流经,经气归于肺,肺朝百脉,输精于皮毛。毛脉合精,行气于腑。腑精神明,留于四
脏,气归于权衡。权衡以平,气口成寸,以决死生。饮入于胃,游溢精气,上输于脾。脾气
散精,上归于肺,通调水道,下输膀胱,水精四布,五经并行,合于四时五脏阴阳,揆度以
为常也。
《口问篇》曰∶谷入于胃,胃气上注于肺。
《营气篇》曰∶营气之道,内谷为宝。谷入于胃,乃传之肺,流溢于中,布散于外,精
专者,行于经隧。
《病能论》曰∶食入于阴,长气于阳。
《阴阳应象大论》曰∶水谷之寒热,感则害于六腑。形不足者,温之以气;精不足者,
补之以味。
《五脏别论》曰∶胃者水谷之海,六腑之大源也。五味入口,藏于胃以养五脏气。
《至真要大论》曰∶五味入胃,各归所喜,故酸先入肝,苦先入心,甘先入脾,辛先入
肺,咸先入肾,久而增气,物化之常也。气增而久,夭之由也。(详诸气门治气条中)
《藏气法时论》曰∶肝苦急,急食甘以缓之。心苦缓,急食酸以收之。脾苦湿,急食
苦以燥之。肺苦气上逆,急食苦以泄之。肾苦燥,急食辛以润之。肝欲散,急食辛以散之。
心欲软,急食咸以软之。脾欲缓,急食甘以缓之。肺欲收,急食酸以收之。肾欲坚,急食苦
以坚之。
《宣明五气篇》曰∶辛走气,气病无多食辛。咸走血,血病无多食咸。苦走骨,骨病无
多食苦。甘走肉,肉病无多食甘。酸走筋,筋病无多食酸。
《九针论》曰∶病在骨,无食咸。病在血,无食苦。
《五味篇》曰∶肝病禁辛,心病禁咸,脾病禁酸,肾病禁甘,肺病禁苦。
《五味论》曰∶酸走筋,多食之,令人癃。咸走血,多食之,令人渴。辛走气,多食之
,令人洞心。苦走骨,多食之,令人变呕。甘走肉,多食之,令人 心。
《生气通天论》曰∶阴之所生,本在五味,阴之五宫,伤在五味。是故味过于酸,肝气
以津,脾气乃绝。味过于咸,大骨气劳,短肌,心气抑。味过于甘,心气喘满,色黑,肾气
不衡。味过于苦,脾气不濡,胃气乃浓。味过于辛,筋脉沮弛,精神乃央。是故谨和五味,
骨正筋柔,气血以流,腠理以密,如是则骨气以精,谨道如法,长有天命。
《五脏生成篇》曰∶多食咸,则脉凝泣而变色。多食苦,则皮槁而毛拔,多食辛,则筋
急而爪枯。多食酸,则肉胝胸而唇揭。多食甘,则骨痛而发落。
《刺法论》曰∶欲令脾实,气无滞,饱无久坐,食无太酸,无食一切生物,宜甘宜淡。
《灵兰秘典论》曰∶脾胃者,食廪之官,五味出焉。
《痹论》曰∶饮食自倍,肠胃乃伤。
《太阴阳明论》曰∶饮食不节,起居不时者,阴受之。阴受之,则入五脏。(详脾胃门)
《本病论》曰∶饮食劳倦则伤脾。
《邪气脏腑病形篇》曰∶形寒寒饮则伤肺。肾脉微缓为洞,洞者,食入还出。
《刺志论》曰∶谷盛气盛,谷虚气虚,此其常也。反此者病。谷入多而气少,此谓反也
。谷不入而气多,此谓反也。谷入多而气少者,得之有所脱血,湿居下也。谷入少而气多者
,邪在胃及与肺也。
《脉解篇》曰∶少阴所谓恶闻食臭者,胃无气,故恶闻食臭也。
关格病的脉象,必定弦大到了极点。所谓弦脉,是因为中气虚弱;浮大脉,是因为阴液亏虚。这是肾水严重亏损,只有阳气而没有阴气的脉象。治疗这种病症,应当以峻补真阴为主,然而又应当观察其虚损中的寒热属性,以及阴分中的阴阳偏颇,分别进行处置,这样才能达到尽善尽美的效果。
一、关格证,凡是兼有阳脏体质的人必然多热症,适宜用一阴煎、左归饮、左归丸之类的方剂主治。凡是兼有阴脏体质的人必然多寒症,适宜用大营煎、右归饮、右归丸之类的方剂主治。如果不热不冷,脏腑之气原本平和的,适宜用五福饮、三阴煎及大补元煎之类的方剂主治。
一、关格证,所损伤的根本已经非常严重,虽然药物必不可少,但如果精气虚损就应当补助精气,如果气虚就应当补助正气,那些言语难以详尽说明的情况,应当在古今补益类的众多方剂中选择适宜的使用。这固然是治疗的方法,然而必须远离尘嚣居住在别室,修养身心使心境澄澈宁静,给予足够的时间岁月,才可以完全痊愈。如果不避开世俗人事,不加以精心调理,而仅仅依靠药物,恐怕会像“一曝十寒”那样,得失各半,最终对病情没有帮助。凡是患此病的人,不可不知道这一点。
五福饮(新补六) 大营煎(新补十四) 大补元煎(新补一) 一阴煎(新补八) 三阴煎(新补十一) 左归饮(新补二) 左归丸(新补四) 右归饮(新补三) 右归丸(新补五)
《素问·平人气象论》说:健康人常有的胃气禀受于胃,胃就是健康人的常气,人如果没有胃气叫做逆证,逆证就会死亡。人以水谷为根本,所以人断绝了水谷就会死亡,脉象没有胃气也会死亡,所说的没有胃气,是指只能见到真脏脉,而见不到胃气。
《灵枢·营卫生会篇》说:人从谷物中摄取精气,谷物进入胃中,传导给肺,五脏六腑都由此接受精气,其中清轻的部分成为营气,浑浊的部分成为卫气,营气运行在脉管之中,卫气运行在脉管之外。
《素问·五味篇》说:天地之间的精气,其大致的规律通常是出三入一,所以如果谷物不进,半天时间气就会衰弱,一天时间气就会减少。
《素问·平人绝谷篇》说:肠胃之中通常留存谷物二斗,水一斗五升;所以健康人每天排便两次,每次排出二升半,一天共排出五升,七天累计排出五七三斗五升,这样肠胃中留存的水谷就排尽了。所以健康人不吃不喝七天而死的人,是因为水谷的精气津液都耗尽的缘故。
《素问·六节藏象论》说:天通过五气供养人,地通过五味供养人。五气从鼻吸入,储藏于心肺,向上使面色光泽明亮,声音能够洪亮清晰。五味入口,储藏于肠胃,味道有所储藏,用来滋养五气,气机调和而生化万物,津液相互生成,神气自然产生。
《灵枢·刺节真邪论》说:真气,是禀受于先天,与后天谷气结合而充满全身的气。
《素问·经脉别论》说:食物之气进入胃中,将精微散布到肝,浸淫滋养筋脉。食物之气进入胃中,浊气归于心,精微浸淫滋养血脉,脉气流行于经脉,经气汇聚于肺,肺朝会百脉,将精微输布到皮毛。毛脉合聚精气,运行气于腑。腑气精神明,留存在四脏,气归于权衡平衡的状态。权衡保持平衡,气口形成寸脉,以此决断死生。饮水进入胃中,游溢精气,向上输送给脾。脾气散播精微,向上归于肺,通调水道,向下输送到膀胱,水精四布,五经并行,配合四时五脏阴阳的变化,衡量作为常态。
《灵枢·营气篇》说:营气的道理,以内含的谷物为宝。谷物进入胃中,便传导至肺,流溢于体内,布散于体表,其中精纯专一的,运行于经络隧道。
《素问·阴阳应象大论》说:水谷的寒热性质,感受后伤害六腑。形体不足的人,用气来温养;精气不足的人,用味来补益。
《素问·五脏别论》说:胃是水谷之海,六腑的大源头。五味入口,储藏于胃以滋养五脏之气。
《素问·至真要大论》说:五味进入胃中,各自趋向其所喜好的脏腑,所以酸味先入肝,苦味先入心,甘味先入脾,辛味先入肺,咸味先入肾,长久食用会增加相应脏腑之气,这是物化变化的常理。但气增加久了,却是早夭的原因。(详见诸气门治气条中)
《素问·藏气法时论》说:肝苦于急迫,急需吃甘味来缓和它。心苦于涣散,急需吃酸味来收敛它。脾苦于湿困,急需吃苦味来燥湿它。肺苦于气上逆,急需吃苦味来泄降它。肾苦于干燥,急需吃辛味来滋润它。肝欲疏散,急需吃辛味来发散它。心欲柔软,急需吃咸味来软坚它。脾欲缓急,急需吃甘味来缓和它。肺欲收敛,急需吃酸味来收敛它。肾欲坚固,急需吃苦味来坚固它。
《灵枢·宣明五气篇》说:辛味走气,气病不要多吃辛味。咸味走血,血病不要多吃咸味。苦味走骨,骨病不要多吃苦味。甘味走肉,肉病不要多吃甘味。酸味走筋,筋病不要多吃酸味。
《灵枢·九针论》说:病在骨,不要吃咸味。病在血,不要吃苦味。
《素问·五味篇》说:肝病禁食辛味,心病禁食咸味,脾病禁食酸味,肾病禁食甘味,肺病禁食苦味。
《素问·五味论》说:酸味走筋,多吃它,使人小便不通。咸味走血,多吃它,使人口渴。辛味走气,多吃它,使人心中空虚不适。苦味走骨,多吃它,使人呕吐。甘味走肉,多吃它,使人心中烦闷。
《素问·生气通天论》说:阴精的产生,根本在于五味,阴的五脏,损伤也在于五味。所以味道过于酸,肝气就会泛滥,脾气就会衰竭。味道过于咸,大骨气劳损,肌肉短缩,心气被抑制。味道过于甘,心气喘满,面色发黑,肾气不平衡。味道过于苦,脾气不濡润,胃气变得浓浊。味道过于辛,筋脉松弛败坏,精神受损。所以谨慎调和五味,骨骼端正筋脉柔和,气血流通,腠理致密,像这样则骨气精强,遵循道法,可以长寿。
《素问·五脏生成篇》说:多吃咸味,则血脉凝涩而颜色改变。多吃苦味,则皮肤枯槁而毛发脱落。多吃辛味,则筋脉拘急而指甲枯焦。多吃酸味,则肌肉增厚粗糙而嘴唇掀揭。多吃甘味,则骨痛而头发脱落。
《素问·刺法论》说:想要使脾实,气无滞塞,饱食后不要久坐,食物不要太酸,不要吃一切生冷未熟之物,宜吃甘味和淡味。
《素问·灵兰秘典论》说:脾胃,是负责饮食储藏消化的官职,五味由此而出。
《素问·痹论》说:饮食加倍,肠胃就会受伤。
《素问·太阴阳明论》说:饮食不节制,起居不定时的人,阴经受邪。阴经受邪,则病入五脏。(详见脾胃门)
《灵枢·本病论》说:饮食和劳倦会损伤脾。
《灵枢·邪气脏腑病形篇》说:形体受寒或饮用冷食会伤肺。肾脉微缓为洞泄,洞泄的意思是食物吃进去还吐出来。
《素问·刺志论》说:谷物盛则气盛,谷物虚则气虚,这是正常情况。与此相反的就是病态。谷物摄入多而气少,这叫反常。谷物摄入少而气多,这也叫反常。谷物摄入多而气少的,是由于失血或湿气居下所致。谷物摄入少而气多的,是由于邪气在胃和肺。
The pulse of Guan-Ge (Obstruction and Rejection) syndrome must be extremely wiry (Xian, indicating liver pathology or pain) and large. A wiry pulse indicates deficiency in the middle jiao (middle burner), while a floating and large pulse indicates yin fluid deficiency. This is a pulse pattern of severe depletion of kidney water, characterized by having yang but lacking yin. Treatment for this condition should primarily focus on vigorously tonifying true yin. However, one must also observe the cold and heat attributes within the deficiency, as well as the yin-yang imbalance within the yin aspect, and treat them separately to achieve perfection.
1. In Guan-Ge syndrome, patients with a predominantly Yang organ constitution will inevitably have many heat symptoms; they are suitable for treatment with formulas such as Yi Yin Jian (One-Yin Decoction), Zuo Gui Yin (Left Restoring Drink), and Zuo Gui Wan (Left Restoring Pill). Patients with a predominantly Yin organ constitution will inevitably have many cold symptoms; they are suitable for treatment with formulas such as Da Ying Jian (Great Camp Decoction), You Gui Yin (Right Restoring Drink), and You Gui Wan (Right Restoring Pill). For those who are neither hot nor cold, whose zang qi is originally balanced, formulas such as Wu Fu Yin (Five-Fortune Drink), San Yin Jian (Three-Yin Decoction), and Da Bu Yuan Jian (Great Tonification of Origin Decoction) are suitable.
1. In Guan-Ge syndrome, the root damage is already severe. Although medicinal herbs cannot be abandoned, if essence and qi are deficient, one should assist the essence and qi respectively. For conditions that are difficult to describe fully in words, one should select appropriate prescriptions from ancient and modern tonifying formulas. This is indeed the method of treatment, but one must live apart from worldly affairs in a separate room, cultivate tranquility and clarity of mind, and allow sufficient time and years to pass for complete recovery. If one does not avoid secular interactions and fails to pay attention to careful regulation, relying solely on medicinal herbs, it is feared that progress will be intermittent ("one day's sun and ten days' frost"), resulting in equal gains and losses, ultimately benefiting nothing. Those suffering from this condition must understand this.
Wu Fu Yin (Newly Added 6), Da Ying Jian (Newly Added 14), Da Bu Yuan Jian (Newly Added 1), Yi Yin Jian (Newly Added 8), San Yin Jian (Newly Added 11), Zuo Gui Yin (Newly Added 2), Zuo Gui Wan (Newly Added 4), You Gui Yin (Newly Added 3), You Gui Wan (Newly Added 5).
The *Ping Ren Qi Xiang Lun* (Treatise on the Normal Pulse Phenomena of Healthy Persons) states: The normal qi of a healthy person is derived from the Stomach; the Stomach is the source of normal qi in healthy persons. If a person lacks Stomach qi, it is called "Ni" (Reversal), and reversal leads to death. Humans rely on water and grain as their foundation; thus, when humans are cut off from water and grain, they die. Similarly, if the pulse lacks Stomach qi, death ensues. What is meant by "lacking Stomach qi" is that only the True Zang pulses are visible, without any trace of Stomach qi.
The *Ying Wei Sheng Hui Pian* (Chapter on the Generation and Meeting of Ying and Wei Qi) states: Humans receive qi from grain. When grain enters the Stomach, it is transmitted to the Lung, and all five zang and six fu organs receive qi from it. The clear portion becomes Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi), which circulates within the vessels, while the turbid portion becomes Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), which circulates outside the vessels.
The *Wu Wei Pian* (Chapter on Five Flavors) states: The essence and qi of heaven and earth generally follow the principle of "three out, one in." Therefore, if no grain is ingested, qi will weaken after half a day and diminish after one day.
The *Ping Ren Jue Gu Pian* (Chapter on Healthy Persons Without Grain) states: The intestines and stomach usually retain two dou of grain and one dou and five sheng of water. Thus, a healthy person defecates twice daily, expelling two sheng and five tou each time, totaling five sheng per day. Over seven days, this amounts to three dou and five sheng, exhausting the retained water and grain. Therefore, a healthy person who dies after seven days without eating or drinking does so because the essence, qi, jin, and ye of water and grain have been exhausted.
The *Liu Jie Zang Xiang Lun* (Treatise on the Six Nodes and Viscera Manifestations) states: Heaven nourishes humans with five qi, and Earth nourishes humans with five flavors. Five qi enter through the nose and are stored in the Heart and Lung, causing the complexion to become bright and the voice to resonate. Five flavors enter the mouth, are stored in the intestines and stomach, and nourish the five qi. When qi is harmonious, life arises; when jin and ye are formed together, spirit naturally emerges.
The *Ci Jie Zhen Xie Lun* (Treatise on Acupuncture, Joint Movements, True Evil, and Pathogenic Factors) states: Zhen Qi (True Qi) is received from heaven and combines with Gu Qi (Grain Qi) to fill the body.
The *Jing Mai Bie Lun* (Different Treatise on the Meridians) states: Food qi enters the Stomach, disperses essence to the Liver, and moistens the sinews. Food qi entering the Stomach sends turbid qi to the Heart, which moistens the essence into the vessels. Vessel qi flows through the meridians, and meridian qi returns to the Lung. The Lung governs all vessels, transmitting essence to the skin and hair. Hair and vessel essence combine, circulating qi through the fu organs. Fu organ qi becomes spiritual and bright, remaining in the four zang organs, where qi returns to balance. When balanced, the Cun position at the radial artery is formed, used to determine life and death. Water enters the Stomach, its essence overflows upward to the Spleen. The Spleen scatters essence upward to the Lung, regulates water passages, and transmits downward to the Bladder. Water essence distributes everywhere, and the five meridians run concurrently, conforming to the yin-yang of the four seasons and five zang organs, measured as the norm.
The *Kou Wen Pian* (Chapter on Questions from the Mouth) states: Grain enters the Stomach, and Stomach qi ascends to the Lung.
The *Ying Qi Pian* (Chapter on Ying Qi) states: The way of Ying Qi treasures internal grain. Grain enters the Stomach, is transmitted to the Lung, flows and overflows internally, and spreads externally. The pure and concentrated part travels through the meridians.
The *Bing Neng Lun* (Treatise on Disease Capabilities) states: Food enters the yin and augments yang.
The *Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun* (Great Treatise on Yin-Yang Correspondences) states: The cold and heat of water and grain, when felt, harm the six fu organs. For those with insufficient form, warm them with qi; for those with insufficient essence, tonify them with flavor.
The *Wu Zang Bie Lun* (Different Treatise on the Five Zang Organs) states: The Stomach is the sea of water and grain and the great source of the six fu organs. Five flavors enter the mouth, are stored in the Stomach, and nourish the qi of the five zang organs.
The *Zhi Yao Da Lun* (Great Treatise on the Most Essential Truths) states: Five flavors enter the Stomach and each goes to its preferred organ; thus, sour first enters the Liver, bitter first enters the Heart, sweet first enters the Spleen, pungent first enters the Lung, and salty first enters the Kidney. Long-term consumption increases the qi of these organs, which is the normal transformation of substances. However, excessive increase in qi over time is the cause of premature death. (See details in the Qi Gate section on treating qi.)
The *Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun* (Treatise on Viscera Qi Following Seasonal Times) states: The Liver suffers from tension; urgently eat sweet to relax it. The Heart suffers from laxity; urgently eat sour to astringe it. The Spleen suffers from dampness; urgently eat bitter to dry it. The Lung suffers from rebellious qi; urgently eat bitter to drain it. The Kidney suffers from dryness; urgently eat pungent to moisten it. The Liver desires dispersion; urgently eat pungent to disperse it. The Heart desires softness; urgently eat salty to soften it. The Spleen desires relaxation; urgently eat sweet to relax it. The Lung desires consolidation; urgently eat sour to consolidate it. The Kidney desires firmness; urgently eat bitter to firm it.
The *Xuan Ming Wu Qi Pian* (Chapter on the Mysterious Manifestation of Five Qi) states: Pungent moves qi; do not eat much pungent if suffering from qi disease. Salty moves blood; do not eat much salty if suffering from blood disease. Bitter moves bone; do not eat much bitter if suffering from bone disease. Sweet moves flesh; do not eat much sweet if suffering from flesh disease. Sour moves sinews; do not eat much sour if suffering from sinew disease.
The *Jiu Zhen Lun* (Treatise on Nine Needles) states: If the disease is in the bone, do not eat salty. If the disease is in the blood, do not eat bitter.
The *Wu Wei Pian* (Chapter on Five Flavors) states: Liver disease prohibits pungent; Heart disease prohibits salty; Spleen disease prohibits sour; Kidney disease prohibits sweet; Lung disease prohibits bitter.
The *Wu Wei Lun* (Treatise on Five Flavors) states: Sour moves sinews; excessive consumption causes strangury. Salty moves blood; excessive consumption causes thirst. Pungent moves qi; excessive consumption causes hollow heart sensation. Bitter moves bone; excessive consumption causes vomiting. Sweet moves flesh; excessive consumption causes heart discomfort.
The *Sheng Qi Tong Tian Lun* (Treatise on Vital Qi Connecting with Heaven) states: The generation of yin originates from the five flavors, and the injury to the five yin organs also comes from the five flavors. Therefore, if flavors are excessively sour, Liver qi will overflow, and Spleen qi will fail. If flavors are excessively salty, the qi of the large bones will labor, muscles will shorten, and Heart qi will be suppressed. If flavors are excessively sweet, the Heart will feel asthmatic and full, the complexion will turn black, and Kidney qi will be unbalanced. If flavors are excessively bitter, Spleen qi will not be moistened, and Stomach qi will become thick. If flavors are excessively pungent, sinews and vessels will become flaccid and ruined, and spirit will be damaged. Therefore, carefully harmonize the five flavors; bones will be straight, sinews flexible, qi and blood flowing, and pores tight. In this way, bone qi will be refined, following the Dao and methods, ensuring longevity.
The *Wu Zang Sheng Cheng Pian* (Chapter on the Generation and Formation of the Five Zang Organs) states: Excessive salty consumption causes vessels to coagulate and change color. Excessive bitter consumption causes skin to wither and hair to fall out. Excessive pungent consumption causes sinews to tighten and nails to wither. Excessive sour consumption causes calloused flesh and peeling lips. Excessive sweet consumption causes bone pain and hair loss.
The *Ci Fa Lun* (Treatise on Acupuncture Methods) states: To make the Spleen solid and qi unobstructed, avoid sitting too long after being full, avoid overly sour foods, avoid all raw/uncooked foods, and prefer sweet and bland flavors.
The *Ling Lan Mi Dian Lun* (Treatise on the Secret Canon of Spiritual Orchids) states: The Spleen and Stomach are the officials responsible for food storage and processing, from which five flavors emerge.
The *Bi Lun* (Treatise on Bi Syndrome) states: Doubling food intake injures the intestines and stomach.
The *Tai Yin Yang Ming Lun* (Treatise on Taiyin and Yangming) states: Irregular diet and irregular起居 (daily routine) affect the yin. When yin is affected, the disease enters the five zang organs. (See details in the Spleen-Stomach section.)
The *Ben Bing Lun* (Treatise on Root Diseases) states: Diet and fatigue injure the Spleen.
The *Xie Qi Zang Fu Bing Xing Pian* (Chapter on Pathogenic Factors, Viscera, Fu Organs, and Disease Manifestations) states: Cold form and cold drinks injure the Lung. A slightly slow Kidney pulse indicates Dong (caving/diarrhea), meaning food is eaten and then vomited back up.
The *Ci Zhi Lun* (Treatise on Acupuncture Principles) states: Abundant grain leads to abundant qi, and deficient grain leads to deficient qi; this is the norm. Deviation from this indicates disease. Consuming much grain but having little qi is abnormal. Consuming little grain but having much qi is also abnormal. Consuming much grain but having little qi results from blood loss or dampness settling below. Consuming little grain but having much qi results from pathogenic factors in the Stomach and Lung.
The *Mai Jie Pian* (Chapter on Pulse Explanation) states: Shaoyin disease involves aversion to the smell of food because the Stomach lacks qi, hence the aversion to food odors.