一、无邪而不寐者，必营气之不足也。营主血，血虚则无以养心，心虚则神不守舍，故
或为惊惕，或为恐畏，或若有所系恋，或无因而偏多妄思，以致终夜不寐，及忽寐忽醒，而
为神魂不安等证。皆宜以养营养气为主治。若思虑劳倦伤心脾，以致气虚精陷，而为怔忡、
惊悸、不寐者，宜寿脾煎或归脾汤。若七情内伤，血气耗损，或恐畏伤肾，或惊惧伤胆，神
以精亏而无根据无寐者，宜五福饮、七福饮，或三阴煎、五君子煎择而用之。若营卫俱伤，血
气大坏，神魂无主而昼夜不寐者，必用大补元煎加减治之。若劳倦伤心脾，中气不足，清阳
不升，外感不解而寒热不寐者，补中益气汤。若思虑过度，心虚不寐而微兼烦热者，养心汤
或酸枣仁汤。若焦思过度，耗心血，动心火，而烦热干渴不寐者，天王补心丹。若心虚火盛
，烦乱内热而怔忡不寐者，安神丸。若精血虚耗，兼痰气内蓄，而怔忡夜卧不安者，秘传酸
枣仁汤；痰盛者，十味温胆汤。凡人以劳倦思虑太过者，必致血液耗亡，神魂无主，所以不
寐，即有微痰微火，皆不必顾，只宜培养气血，血气复则诸证自退。若兼顾而杂治之，则十
暴一寒，病必难愈，渐至元神俱竭而不可救者有矣。予治周公不寐医按，附后三消门。
一、有邪而不寐者，去其邪而神自安也。故凡治风寒之邪必宜散，如诸柴胡饮及麻黄、
桂枝、紫苏、干葛之类是也。火热之邪必宜凉，如竹叶石膏汤及芩、连、栀、柏之属是也。
痰饮之邪宜化痰，如温胆汤、六安煎、导痰汤、滚痰丸之属是也。饮食之邪宜消滞，如大和
中饮、平胃散之属是也。水湿之邪宜分利，如五苓散、五皮散，或加减金匮肾气丸之属是也
。气逆之邪宜行气，如排气饮、四磨饮之属是也。阴寒之邪宜温中，如理阴煎、理中汤之属
是也。诸如此类，亦略举大概，未悉其详，仍当于各门求法治之。
一、没有外邪侵袭而导致失眠的，一定是营气不足所致。营气主司血液，血虚则无法滋养心脏，心气虚弱则神志不能安守于心舍，因此出现或惊惧不安，或恐惧畏缩，或似有牵挂留恋，或无缘无故地过多胡思乱想，导致整夜无法入睡，以及忽睡忽醒，从而产生神魂不安等证候。这些情况都应当以补养营气作为主要治疗方法。如果是因思虑过度、劳累倦乏损伤了心脾，导致气虚精气下陷，而出现怔忡（心中悸动不安）、惊悸、失眠的，适宜使用寿脾煎或归脾汤。如果是因七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）内伤，导致气血耗损，或者因恐惧损伤肾脏，或因惊惧损伤胆腑，神志因精亏而失去依托、无法入睡的，适宜选用五福饮、七福饮，或者三阴煎、五君子煎，根据情况选择使用。如果是营气和卫气都受到损伤，气血严重亏损，神魂失去主宰而昼夜无法入睡的，必须使用大补元煎加减来治疗。如果是因劳累倦乏损伤心脾，中气不足，清阳之气不能上升，兼有外感病邪未解而出现寒热交替且失眠的，使用补中益气汤。如果是因思虑过度，心气虚弱导致失眠且轻微伴有烦热的，使用养心汤或酸枣仁汤。如果是因焦躁苦思过度，耗伤心血，引动心火，而出现烦热、口干渴且失眠的，使用天王补心丹。如果是心气虚弱、心火旺盛，出现心烦意乱、体内发热且伴怔忡失眠的，使用安神丸。如果是精血虚耗，兼有痰气和郁结蓄积在内，导致怔忡、夜间卧睡不安的，使用秘传酸枣仁汤；如果痰湿盛多的，使用十味温胆汤。大凡因为劳累倦乏、思虑过度的人，必然导致血液耗竭亡失，神魂失去主宰，所以发生失眠，即使有轻微的痰湿和火邪，都不必顾及，只宜培养气血，气血恢复后各种证候自然消退。如果同时兼顾并杂乱治疗，就会导致病情加重，疾病必定难以痊愈，逐渐发展到元神枯竭而无法救治的情况也有过。我治疗周公失眠的医案，附在后面的“三消”章节中。
二、有外邪侵袭而导致失眠的，去除邪气则神志自然安宁。所以凡是治疗风寒邪气，必须采用发散的方法，如各类柴胡饮以及麻黄、桂枝、紫苏、干葛等药物就是这类。火热邪气必须采用清凉的方法，如竹叶石膏汤以及黄芩、黄连、栀子、黄柏等药物就是这类。痰饮邪气适宜化痰，如温胆汤、六安煎、导痰汤、滚痰丸等药物就是这类。饮食停滞邪气适宜消食导滞，如大和中饮、平胃散等药物就是这类。水湿邪气适宜分利水道，如五苓散、五皮散，或者加减金匮肾气丸等药物就是这类。气逆邪气适宜行气，如排气饮、四磨饮等药物就是这类。阴寒邪气适宜温中，如理阴煎、理中汤等药物就是这类。诸如此类，也只是大致列举，并未详尽说明，仍然应当在各个门类中寻求具体的治疗方法。
1. Insomnia caused by the absence of pathogenic factors is necessarily due to a deficiency of Ying Qi (Defensive Nutritive Qi). Ying Qi governs blood; when blood is deficient, it cannot nourish the Heart. When Heart Qi is deficient, the Shen (Spirit) fails to reside within its abode. Consequently, one may experience sudden fright and palpitations, fearfulness, a sense of lingering attachment, or groundless excessive rumination, leading to insomnia throughout the night, or waking up intermittently from sleep, resulting in symptoms such as an unsettled Hun and Po (Soul and Corporeal Soul). All such conditions should be primarily treated by nourishing Ying Qi and tonifying Qi. If excessive thinking and mental fatigue damage the Heart and Spleen, leading to Qi deficiency and sinking of essence, manifesting as palpitations (Zhen Tong), startled palpitations, and insomnia, Shou Pi Decoction (Longevity Spleen Decoction) or Gui Pi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction) are appropriate. If internal injury by the Seven Emotions (Joy, Anger, Worry, Overthinking, Sadness, Fear, Fright) causes consumption of Qi and Blood, or if fear damages the Kidney, or fright damages the Gallbladder, causing the Shen to lack foundation due to essence deficiency and resulting in insomnia, Wu Fu Yin (Five Blessings Drink), Qi Fu Yin (Seven Blessings Drink), San Yin Jian (Three Yin Decoction), or Wu Jun Zi Jian (Five Gentlemen Decoction) should be selected according to the situation. If both Ying Qi and Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) are damaged, and Qi and Blood are severely depleted, with the Hun and Po losing their master and causing day-and-night insomnia, Da Bu Yuan Jian (Great Tonification of the Origin Decoction) modified must be used. If labor and fatigue damage the Heart and Spleen, resulting in deficiency of Middle Qi, failure of Clear Yang to ascend, and unresolved external contraction presenting with alternating chills and fever accompanied by insomnia, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) is indicated. If excessive thinking leads to Heart deficiency and insomnia with slight accompanying irritability and heat, Yang Xin Tang (Nourish the Heart Decoction) or Suan Zao Ren Tang (Sour Jujube Seed Decoction) should be used. If excessive anxious thinking consumes Heart Blood and stirs up Heart Fire, leading to irritability, heat, dry mouth, thirst, and insomnia, Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan (Emperor of Heaven’s Pill to Nourish the Heart) is appropriate. If Heart deficiency with abundant Fire causes mental restlessness, internal heat, palpitations, and insomnia, An Shen Wan (Calming the Spirit Pill) is indicated. If essence and blood are consumed, combined with internal accumulation of Phlegm and Qi stagnation, leading to palpitations and restless sleep at night, Mi Chuan Suan Zao Ren Tang (Secretly Transmitted Sour Jujube Seed Decoction) should be used; if Phlegm is abundant, Shi Wei Wen Dan Tang (Ten-Ingredient Warming the Gallbladder Decoction) is suitable. Generally, those who suffer from excessive labor, fatigue, and overthinking inevitably deplete their blood, causing the Shen to lose its master, thus resulting in insomnia. Even if there is slight Phlegm or Fire, these need not be addressed directly; instead, one should only focus on cultivating Qi and Blood. Once Qi and Blood are restored, all other symptoms will naturally recede. If one attempts to treat everything simultaneously and杂乱ly, the condition will worsen, the disease will be difficult to cure, and it may gradually progress to exhaustion of the Primordial Spirit (Yuan Shen), becoming incurable. My medical case record for treating Zhou Gong’s insomnia is attached in the following section on "San Xiao" (Three Consumptions).
2. Insomnia caused by the presence of pathogenic factors is resolved by eliminating the pathogens, after which the Shen naturally becomes tranquil. Therefore, when treating Wind-Cold pathogens, dispersing methods must be employed, such as various Chai Hu Yin (Bupleurum Drinks) and herbs like Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝), Perilla Leaf (Zisu, 紫苏), and Puerariae Radix (Gegen, 干葛). For Heat-Fire pathogens, cooling methods must be employed, such as Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) and herbs like Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩), Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian, 黄连), Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi, 栀子), and Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai, 黄柏). For Phlegm-Fluid retention pathogens, resolving Phlegm is appropriate, such as Wen Dan Tang (Warming the Gallbladder Decoction), Liu An Jian (Six Peace Decoction), Dao Tan Tang (Guiding Out Phlegm Decoction), and Gun Tan Wan (Rolling Phlegm Pill). For Food Stagnation pathogens, promoting digestion and removing stagnation is appropriate, such as Da He Zhong Yin (Great Harmonizing the Middle Drink) and Ping Wei San (Peaceful Stomach Powder). For Water-Dampness pathogens, separating and draining fluids is appropriate, such as Wu Ling San (Five-Ling Powder), Wu Pi San (Five-Peel Powder), or Jie Jin Kui Shen Qi Wan (Modified Golden Cabinet Kidney Qi Pill). For Qi Reversal pathogens, moving Qi is appropriate, such as Pai Qi Yin (Expelling Qi Drink) and Si Mo Yin (Four-Mortar Drink). For Yin-Cold pathogens, warming the Middle is appropriate, such as Li Yin Jian (Regulating Yin Decoction) and Li Zhong Tang (Regulating the Middle Decoction). These examples merely outline the general principles in detail; further specifics should be sought in the respective chapters for treatment methods.