既知气色之主病。当知部色之主病。夫而后可因部位气色之所主。以言脏腑经脉之所病。谨按灵枢经
脉篇曰。肺手太阴之脉。是动则病肺胀满膨膨而喘咳。缺盆中痛。甚则交两手而瞀。此为臂厥。是主肺所
生病者。咳上气喘渴烦心胸满。 臂内前廉痛厥。掌中热。气盛有余。则肩臂痛。风寒汗出。中风。小便数而
欠。气虚则肩臂痛寒。少气不足以息。溺色变。为此诸病。大肠手阳明之脉。是动则病齿痛颈肿。是主津液
所生病者。目黄口干。鼽衄喉痹。肩前 痛。大指次指痛不用。气有余。则当脉所过者热肿。虚则寒栗不复。
为此诸病。胃足阳明之脉。是动则病洒洒振寒。善呻数欠。颜黑。病至则恶人与火。闻木声则惕然而惊。心
欲动。独闭户塞牖而处。甚则欲上高而歌。弃衣而走。贲响腹胀。是为 厥。是主血所生病者。疟狂温淫。汗
出鼽衄。口 唇胗。颈肿喉痹。大腹水肿。膝膑肿痛。循膺乳、气街、股伏兔、 外廉、足跗上皆痛。中指不用。气
盛则身以前皆热。其有余于胃。则消谷善饥。溺色黄。气不足。则身以前皆寒栗。胃中寒则胀满。为此诸病。
脾足太阴之脉。是动则病舌本强。食则呕。胃脘痛。腹胀善噫。得后与气。则快然如衰。身体皆重。是主脾所
生病者。舌本痛。体不能动摇。食不下。烦心。心下急痛。溏瘕泄。水闭。黄胆。不能卧。强立。股膝内肿厥。足大趾
不用。为此诸病。心手少阴之脉。是动则病嗌干。心痛。渴而欲饮。是为臂厥。是主心所生病者。目黄。胁痛。
臂内后廉痛厥。掌中热痛。为此诸病。小肠手太阳之脉。是动则病嗌痛。颔肿。不可以顾。肩似拔。 似折。是
主液所生病者。耳聋。目黄。颊肿。颈颔肩 肘臂外后廉痛。为此诸病。膀胱足太阳之脉。是动则病冲头痛。
目似脱。项如拔。脊痛。腰似折。髀不可以曲。 如结。 如裂。是为踝厥。是主筋所生病者。痔疟狂癫疾。头囟
项痛。目黄泪出。鼽衄。项背腰尻 脚皆痛。小指不用。为此诸病。肾足少阴之脉。是动则病饥不欲食。面
如漆柴。咳唾则有血。喝喝而喘。坐而欲起。目KT KT 如无所见。心如悬若饥状。气不足则善恐。心惕惕如人
将捕之。是为骨厥。是主肾所生病者。口热舌干。咽肿。上气。嗌干及痛。烦心。心痛。黄胆。肠 。脊股内后廉痛。
痿厥嗜卧。足下热而痛。为此诸病。心主手厥阴心包络之脉。是动则病手心热。臂肘挛急。腋肿。甚则胸胁
支满。心中 大动。面赤目黄。喜笑不休。是主脉所生病者。烦心。心痛。掌中热。为此诸病。三焦手少阳之
脉。是动则病耳聋。浑浑 。嗌肿喉痹。是主气所生病者。目锐 痛。颊肿。耳后肩 肘臂外皆痛。小指次
指不用。为此诸病。胆足少阳之脉。是动则病口苦。善太息。心胁痛不能转侧。甚则面微有尘。体无膏泽。足
外反热。是为阳厥。是主骨所生病者。头痛颔痛。目锐 痛。缺盆中肿痛。腋下肿。马刀侠瘿。汗出振寒。疟。胸
胁肋髀膝外至胫绝骨外踝前。及诸节皆痛。小指次指不用。为此诸病。肝足厥阴之脉。是动则病腰痛。不
可以俯仰。丈夫 疝。妇人少腹肿。甚则嗌干。面尘脱色。是主肝所生病者。胸满。呕逆。飧泄。狐疝。遗溺。闭癃。
为此诸病。此皆经脉之病也。经脉十二。外络形骸。内通脏腑。故其为病。或见于形容。或见于气色。形容有
部。气色有部。或因形容知其病。或因气色知其病。是皆主病之谓也。举痛论曰。五脏六腑。固尽有部。视其
五色。黄赤为热。白为寒。青黑为痛。此所谓视而可见者也。夫明堂四体面貌五官。与夫经络之所行。形层
之所属。固尽五脏六腑之部也。明察乎是。言病其庶几乎。
既然已经知道了气色所主之病，就应当了解部位颜色所主之病。这样之后，才能根据部位和气色所反映的情况，来论述脏腑和经脉的病变。谨按《灵枢经·经脉篇》记载：手太阴肺经，发生变动时，病症表现为肺胀满，膨膨然气喘咳嗽，缺盆中疼痛，严重时甚至交叉双手而神志昏蒙，这称为臂厥。该经主要主管肺所生的疾病，包括咳嗽、上气、喘息、口渴、心烦、心胸满闷，手臂内侧前缘疼痛或厥冷，手掌心发热。若经气盛有余，则肩臂疼痛，受风寒侵袭则汗出，患中风，小便频数且量少；若经气虚，则肩臂疼痛发冷，气短不足以呼吸，尿液颜色改变。出现上述各种病症，属于大肠手阳明经。手阳明大肠经，发生变动时，病症表现为牙齿疼痛、颈部肿胀。该经主要主管津液所生的疾病，包括目黄、口干、鼻流清涕或出血（鼽衄）、喉痹，肩前部疼痛，食指疼痛且活动不便。若经气有余，则经脉经过之处出现热肿；若经气虚，则寒战不能恢复。出现上述各种病症，属于胃足阳明经。足阳明胃经，发生变动时，病症表现为身体洒洒恶寒，经常呻吟，频繁打哈欠，面色发黑。发病时厌恶人和火，听到木器敲击声就惊恐心动，喜欢独自关上门窗居住。严重时想要登上高处唱歌，脱掉衣服奔跑，腹部肠鸣腹胀，这称为贲响腹胀厥。该经主要主管血所生的疾病，包括疟疾、狂证、温病淫邪，汗出、鼻衄，口唇生疮，颈部肿胀、喉痹，大腹水肿，膝盖髌骨肿痛，沿着胸膺、乳部、气街、大腿伏兔穴外侧、足背都疼痛，中指活动不便。若经气盛，则身体前面皆热，若热气积聚于胃，则消谷善饥，尿液颜色黄；若经气不足，则身体前面皆寒战，胃中有寒则腹胀满。出现上述各种病症，属于脾足太阴经。足太阴脾经，发生变动时，病症表现为舌根强硬，进食后呕吐，胃脘痛，腹胀，容易嗳气，大小便通畅后，感觉轻松症状减轻，身体沉重。该经主要主管脾所生的疾病，包括舌根疼痛，身体不能动摇，饮食不下，心烦，心下急痛，大便溏泄或瘕聚泄泻，小便闭塞，黄疸，不能平卧，强行站立时股膝内侧肿胀厥冷，足大趾活动不便。出现上述各种病症，属于心手少阴经。手少阴心经，发生变动时，病症表现为咽喉干燥，心痛，口渴想喝水，这称为臂厥。该经主要主管心所生的疾病，包括目黄，胁痛，手臂内侧后缘疼痛厥冷，手掌心发热疼痛。出现上述各种病症，属于小肠手太阳经。手太阳小肠经，发生变动时，病症表现为咽喉疼痛，下颌肿胀，不能回顾，肩部像被拔除一样，肘部像折断一样。该经主要主管液所生的疾病，包括耳聋，目黄，脸颊肿胀，颈、颌、肩、肘、臂外侧后缘疼痛。出现上述各种病症，属于膀胱足太阳经。足太阳膀胱经，发生变动时，病症表现为冲头痛，眼睛像要脱落，项部像被拔除，脊背疼痛，腰部像折断，大腿不能弯曲，腘窝像结住一样，小腿肚像撕裂一样，这称为踝厥。该经主要主管筋所生的疾病，包括痔疾、疟疾、狂证、癫疾，头囟项部疼痛，目黄流泪，鼻流清涕或出血，项、背、腰、尻、脚都疼痛，小趾活动不便。出现上述各种病症，属于肾足少阴经。足少阴肾经，发生变动时，病症表现为饥饿但不想进食，面色如漆柴般枯黑，咳嗽唾痰带血，喘促有声，坐着却想站起来，视物模糊好像看不见什么，心中悬空感如同饥饿状，经气不足则容易恐惧，心神惕惕不安好像有人要抓捕自己，这称为骨厥。该经主要主管肾所生的疾病，包括口热舌干，咽喉肿胀，气逆上冲，咽喉干燥及疼痛，心烦，心痛，黄疸，肠澼，脊股内侧后缘疼痛，痿厥嗜睡，足底发热疼痛。出现上述各种病症，属于心主手厥阴心包络经。手厥阴心包络经，发生变动时，病症表现为手心发热，臂肘拘挛，腋下肿胀，严重时胸胁支撑满闷，心脏剧烈跳动，面红目黄，喜笑不止。该经主要主管脉所生的疾病，包括心烦，心痛，手掌心发热。出现上述各种病症，属于三焦手少阳经。手少阳三焦经，发生变动时，病症表现为耳聋，耳鸣轰鸣，咽喉肿胀喉痹。该经主要主管气所生的疾病，包括目外角疼痛，脸颊肿胀，耳后、肩、肘、臂外侧都疼痛，无名指活动不便。出现上述各种病症，属于胆足少阳经。足少阳胆经，发生变动时，病症表现为口苦，经常叹气，心胁疼痛不能转侧，严重时面色微有尘垢，身体缺乏光泽，足外侧反觉发热，这称为阳厥。该经主要主管骨所生的疾病，包括头痛、颔痛，目外角疼痛，缺盆中肿痛，腋下肿胀，马刀侠瘿，汗出寒战，疟疾，从胸胁肋部、髀部、膝外侧至胫骨、绝骨、外踝前，以及各个关节都疼痛，无名指活动不便。出现上述各种病症，属于肝足厥阴经。足厥阴肝经，发生变动时，病症表现为腰痛，不能俯仰，男子疝气，女子少腹肿胀，严重时咽喉干燥，面色如尘失去光泽。该经主要主管肝所生的疾病，包括胸满，呕吐逆气，完谷不化的泄泻，狐疝，遗尿，小便闭阻不通。出现上述各种病症，这些都是经脉的病变。十二经脉，外连形体骸骨，内通脏腑。所以它们的病变，有的表现在容貌形态上，有的表现在气色上。形态有对应的部位，气色也有对应的部位。或者通过形态知道病情，或者通过气色知道病情，这都是主病的含义。《素问·举痛论》说：五脏六腑，本来都有对应的部位，观察五色，黄赤为热，白为寒，青黑为痛，这就是所谓观察外表就可以看到的。明堂面部五官，以及经络的运行，形层的所属，确实涵盖了五脏六腑的部位。能明察这一点，谈论病情也就差不多掌握了要领了。
Since one knows the diseases indicated by Qi and complexion, one should then know the diseases indicated by the colors of specific regions. Only in this way can one discuss the diseases of the Zang-Fu organs and meridians based on the indications of regional Qi and complexion. According to the "Meridian" chapter of the *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot): The Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Fei Jing), when disturbed, causes disease in the lung manifesting as fullness, distension, panting, and coughing; pain in the supraclavicular fossa; and in severe cases, crossing both hands over the chest with mental confusion, known as Bi Jue (Arm Jue). This meridian primarily governs diseases generated by the Lung, including cough, upward rushing of Qi, wheezing, thirst, mental restlessness, chest and heart fullness, pain or coldness along the anterior medial aspect of the arm, and heat in the palm. If Qi is excessive, there is shoulder and arm pain, sweating upon exposure to wind-cold, stroke, frequent urination with small volume; if Qi is deficient, there is shoulder and arm pain with coldness, shortness of breath insufficient for respiration, and changes in urine color. These constitute the diseases of the Large Intestine Hand-Yangming Meridian (Da Chang Jing). When disturbed, it causes toothache and neck swelling. It primarily governs diseases generated by fluids, including yellow eyes, dry mouth, rhinorrhea or epistaxis, bi-syndrome of the throat, pain in the anterior shoulder, and pain with dysfunction of the index finger. If Qi is excessive, there is hot swelling along the course of the meridian; if deficient, there is chills that do not resolve. These constitute the diseases of the Stomach Foot-Yangming Meridian (Wei Jing). When disturbed, it causes shivering chills, frequent groaning and yawning, darkened facial complexion. Upon onset, the patient dislikes people and fire, startles at the sound of wood, feels palpitations, prefers to stay alone behind closed doors and windows. In severe cases, they may climb high to sing or discard clothes and run. There is rumbling abdominal distension, known as Ben Xiang Abdominal Distension Jue. It primarily governs diseases generated by blood, including malaria, mania, warm pathogenic disorders, sweating, epistaxis, sores on lips, neck swelling, throat bi, massive abdominal edema, knee patella swelling and pain, pain along the chest, breast, Qi Street, thigh (Futu point), lateral leg, and dorsum of foot, with dysfunction of the middle toe. If Qi is excessive, the anterior body is hot; if excess accumulates in the stomach, there is rapid digestion with easy hunger, and yellow urine. If Qi is deficient, the anterior body is cold and shivering; cold in the stomach causes abdominal fullness. These constitute the diseases of the Spleen Foot-Taiyin Meridian (Pi Jing). When disturbed, it causes stiffness of the tongue root, vomiting after eating, epigastric pain, abdominal distension, frequent belching. After defecation or passage of gas, symptoms feel relieved but the body remains heavy. It primarily governs diseases generated by the Spleen, including tongue root pain, inability to move the body, difficulty swallowing, mental distress, urgent pain in the epigastrium, loose stools or mass-related diarrhea, urinary retention, jaundice, inability to lie flat, swelling and coldness of the inner thigh and knee when standing forcibly, and dysfunction of the great toe. These constitute the diseases of the Heart Hand-Shaoyin Meridian (Xin Jing). When disturbed, it causes dry throat, heart pain, thirst with desire to drink, known as Bi Jue. It primarily governs diseases generated by the Heart, including yellow eyes, hypochondriac pain, pain or coldness along the posterior medial aspect of the arm, and heat/pain in the palm. These constitute the diseases of the Small Intestine Hand-Taiyang Meridian (Xiao Chang Jing). When disturbed, it causes sore throat, swollen mandible, inability to look back, shoulder pain like being pulled out, elbow pain like being broken. It primarily governs diseases generated by fluids, including deafness, yellow eyes, cheek swelling, pain along the posterior lateral aspect of the neck, mandible, shoulder, elbow, and arm. These constitute the diseases of the Bladder Foot-Taiyang Meridian (Pang Guang Jing). When disturbed, it causes headache striking upwards, eyes feeling as if falling out, neck feeling as if being pulled, spinal pain, waist feeling as if broken, thighs unable to bend, popliteal fossa feeling knotted, calf muscles feeling torn, known as Huai Jue (Ankle Jue). It primarily governs diseases generated by sinews, including hemorrhoids, malaria, mania, epilepsy, head/occiput/neck pain, yellow eyes with tearing, rhinorrhea or epistaxis, pain in the neck, back, loin, sacrum, and feet, and dysfunction of the little toe. These constitute the diseases of the Kidney Foot-Shaoyin Meridian (Shen Jing). When disturbed, it causes hunger without desire to eat, face looking dark and emaciated like lacquered firewood, hemoptysis, wheezing with audible sounds, desire to sit up while sitting, blurred vision as if unable to see, heart feeling empty/hungry, fearfulness due to Qi deficiency, palpitations as if being hunted, known as Gu Jue (Bone Jue). It primarily governs diseases generated by the Kidney, including oral heat, dry tongue, swollen throat, rebellious Qi, dry/painful throat, mental distress, heart pain, jaundice, intestinal discharge, pain along the posterior medial aspect of the spine and thigh, flaccidity/coldness with lethargy, heat and pain in the sole of the foot. These constitute the diseases of the Pericardium Hand-Jueyin Meridian (Xin Bao Luo Jing). When disturbed, it causes heat in the palm, spasms/stiffness of the arm and elbow, axillary swelling, severe chest/hypochondriac fullness, violent palpitations, red face, yellow eyes, incessant laughter. It primarily governs diseases generated by vessels, including mental distress, heart pain, heat in the palm. These constitute the diseases of the Sanjiao Hand-Shaoyang Meridian (San Jiao Jing). When disturbed, it causes deafness, roaring tinnitus, swollen throat/bi-syndrome. It primarily governs diseases generated by Qi, including pain at the outer canthus, cheek swelling, pain along the posterior ear, shoulder, elbow, and arm, and dysfunction of the ring finger. These constitute the diseases of the Gallbladder Foot-Shaoyang Meridian (Dan Jing). When disturbed, it causes bitter taste, frequent sighing, hypochondriac pain preventing turning, dark/dusty complexion, lack of luster in the body, heat on the lateral foot, known as Yang Jue. It primarily governs diseases generated by bones, including headache, jaw pain, outer canthus pain, supraclavicular swelling, axillary swelling, scrofula (Ma Dao Xia Ying), sweating with chills, malaria, pain from the hypochondrium/ribs/thigh/knee lateral aspect down to the tibia, Juegu, anterior lateral malleolus, and all joints, and dysfunction of the ring finger. These constitute the diseases of the Liver Foot-Jueyin Meridian (Gan Jing). When disturbed, it causes lower back pain preventing bending/straightening, hernia in men, lower abdominal swelling in women, dry throat, dusty complexion with loss of luster. It primarily governs diseases generated by the Liver, including chest fullness, vomiting/reversal of Qi, undigested diarrhea, fox hernia, enuresis, stranguria. These are all diseases of the meridians. The twelve meridians connect externally to the form and skeleton, and internally to the Zang-Fu organs. Thus, their diseases may manifest in appearance/form or in Qi/complexion. Appearance has its regions, and complexion has its regions. One may know the disease through appearance or through complexion; these are all referred to as indicating disease. The *Ju Tong Lun* states: The five Zang and six Fu organs each have their specific regions. Observing the five colors: yellow/red indicates heat, white indicates cold, blue/black indicates pain. This is what is seen visually. The Ming Tang (face), body, facial features, and the courses of meridians and layers of form indeed cover the regions of all Zang-Fu organs. By clearly understanding this, discussing diseases will be nearly accurate.