既察明堂之部位。当观面貌之部位。盖内经望法。有因明堂而分者。有因面貌而分者。何则。脏腑经络相
通。表里上下相贯。血气周流。无有间断。以故气色见于明堂。即以明堂分脏腑。气色见于面貌。即以面貌
分脏腑。刺热篇曰。肝热病者。左颊先赤。肺热病者。右颊先赤。心热病者。颜先赤。肾热病者。颐先赤。脾热病
者。鼻先赤。此热病之脏部也。热病从所部而起者。至期而已。言至其气正之时日而愈也。推而论之。则热
病之死生间甚。时日之王相休囚。皆可按法而究焉。然又言少阳之脉色荣颊前。太阳之脉色荣颧骨。则
是以颊前为少阳之部。以颧骨为太阳之部矣。其曰。荣未交者。是病未传也。则荣已交者。是病已传也。视
其交于何部。而断其传于何经也。设或色见少阳之部。诊得少阴之脉。或色见太阳之部。诊得厥阴之脉。
此为阴阳争见。表里皆病。所谓两感者是已。不言阳明者。缺文也。夫阳明之脉起于鼻。络于目。交 中。挟
口环唇。下交承浆。却循颐后下廉。出大迎。循颊车。故其为病也。身热目痛。而鼻干不得卧。如经云。面热者。
足阳明病。仲景云。阳明病。面合赤色。是皆可为阳明之诊也。更有腹胁膈之分焉。所谓颊下逆颧为大瘕。
下牙车为腹满。颧后为胁痛。颊上者。膈上也。此皆部位之分。病色之辨也。皮肉血气筋骨。亦各有分部焉。
灵枢曰。色起两眉薄泽者。病在皮。唇色青黄赤白黑者。病在肉。营气濡然者。病在血气。目色青黄赤白黑
者。病在筋。耳焦枯受尘垢者。病在骨。盖以五脏之属。分五形之部也。若夫风病之诊又不同。心风诊在口。
其色赤。肝风诊在目下。其色青。肺风诊在眉上。其色白。脾风诊在鼻上。其色黄。肾风诊在肌上。其色黑。凡
若此者。务须沉潜反复。融会贯通。病虽变出多端。医者常若可见。庶乎其不瘥矣。至于幼科五脏之部。痘科八卦之位。
盖因内经诸法。隐其文。彰其义耳。能精乎此。亦可触类旁通矣。（肌上之肌。高士宗作HT 。HT 、颊
肉也。宜从之。）
既然已经察明了明堂（鼻部）的部位，就应当观察面貌各部位的对应关系。因为《内经》中的望诊方法，有的依据明堂来划分脏腑，有的依据面貌整体来划分脏腑。为什么呢？因为脏腑与经络相互贯通，表里上下相互连接，气血周身循环流动，没有间断。因此，气色显现于明堂，就以明堂的不同部位来区分所属脏腑；气色显现于面貌其他部位，就以面貌的不同部位来区分所属脏腑。《素问·刺热篇》说：肝热病患者，左颊先发红；肺热病患者，右颊先发红；心热病患者，额部（颜）先发红；肾热病患者，下颌（颐）先发红；脾热病患者，鼻部先发红。这是热病在脏腑对应的面部区域的表现。热病从其所对应的部位开始发作的，到了其气正旺或正气来复的时日就会痊愈，意思是等到相应的时间节点就会好转。由此推论，热病的生死轻重变化，以及时日中五行之气的王、相、休、囚状态，都可以按照法则来探究。
然而文中又提到：“少阳经脉的气色反映在脸颊前部，太阳经脉的气色反映在颧骨”，这就是以脸颊前部为少阳经所主部位，以颧骨为太阳经所主部位。文中说“荣未交”，是指病邪尚未传变；那么“荣已交”，就是病邪已经传变。观察病色交见于哪个部位，就可以判断病邪传入了哪条经络。假如面色显现于少阳经所主的部位，却诊得少阴经的脉象；或者面色显现于太阳经所主的部位，却诊得厥阴经的脉象，这叫做阴阳争见，表里两经都患病，这就是所谓的“两感”病证。文中没有提及阳明经，是因为原文有缺漏。足阳明胃经起于鼻旁，联络目系，环绕口唇，向下交会于承浆穴，再沿腮后下方下行，经过大迎穴，循行于颊车穴。所以它发病时，会出现身体发热、眼睛疼痛、鼻干不得安卧等症状。正如经文所说：“面部发热的，是足阳明经的病。”张仲景也说：“阳明病，满面通红。”这些都可以作为诊断阳明经病变的依据。
此外还有腹部、胁部、膈部的对应划分。所谓“颊下逆颧”是大瘕（积聚类疾病），“下牙车”对应腹满，“颧后”对应胁痛，“颊上”对应膈上。这些都是根据部位不同来辨别病色的差异。皮、肉、血、气、筋、骨，也各有其对应的分部。《灵枢》说：色泽起于两眉之间且薄润泽亮的，病在皮；唇色呈现青、黄、赤、白、黑不同的，病在肉；营气濡润异常的，病在血气；目色呈现青、黄、赤、白、黑的，病在筋；耳朵焦枯并沾染尘垢的，病在骨。这是将五脏所属的组织分别对应到五形（皮肉血气筋骨）的部位上。
至于风病的诊法又有所不同。心风的诊察重点在口，其色赤；肝风的诊察重点在目下，其色青；肺风的诊察重点在眉上，其色白；脾风的诊察重点在鼻上，其色黄；肾风的诊察重点在肌肤表面，其色黑。像这样的情况，必须深入钻研，反复体会，融会贯通。虽然病情变化多端，但医者心中常若有见，这样就不会出现误诊了。至于儿科五脏的面部分属，痘科八卦的面部定位，都是依据《内经》的各种方法，隐去了文字表述而彰显其义理罢了。如果能精通这些内容，也可以触类旁通。（注：“肌上”的“肌”，高士宗认为是“面颊肉”，应依从此说。）
Having clearly ascertained the location of the Mingtang (nose), one should observe the corresponding locations on the face. The diagnostic methods in the *Neijing* (Classic of Internal Medicine) include those that divide the Zang-Fu organs based on the Mingtang, and those that divide them based on the overall facial features. Why is this? Because the Zang-Fu organs and meridians are interconnected, the interior and exterior, upper and lower parts are linked, and Qi and Blood circulate throughout the body without interruption. Therefore, when complexion changes appear on the Mingtang, the Zang-Fu organs are distinguished by the specific areas of the nose; when they appear on other parts of the face, the Zang-Fu organs are distinguished by the specific areas of the facial features.
The *Suwen: Cila Re Pian* (Chapter on Acupuncture for Heat Diseases) states: "In liver heat disease, the left cheek reddens first; in lung heat disease, the right cheek reddens first; in heart heat disease, the forehead (Yan) reddens first; in kidney heat disease, the chin (Yi) reddens first; in spleen heat disease, the nose reddens first." These represent the facial regions corresponding to the Zang-Fu organs in heat diseases. For heat diseases originating from their corresponding regions, recovery occurs at the appointed time, meaning improvement happens when the relevant Qi reaches its peak or restorative phase. By extension, the severity, prognosis, and timing related to the Wang, Xiang, Xiu, Qiu states of the Five Elements can be investigated according to established principles.
However, the text also mentions: "The complexion of the Shaoyang meridian manifests on the front of the cheeks, and the complexion of the Taiyang meridian manifests on the zygomatic bone." This designates the front of the cheeks as the region governed by the Shaoyang meridian and the zygomatic bone as the region governed by the Taiyang meridian. The text states that "Rong has not yet crossed" indicates the pathogen has not transmitted; thus, "Rong has already crossed" indicates transmission has occurred. By observing which region shows the crossing of color, one can determine which meridian the disease has transmitted into. If the complexion appears in the Shaoyang region but the pulse corresponds to the Shaoyin meridian, or if the complexion appears in the Taiyang region but the pulse corresponds to the Jueyin meridian, this is called "Yang-Yin conflict," indicating disease in both the exterior and interior, known as "Lianggan" (Double Exposure). The absence of mention regarding the Yangming meridian is due to missing text in the original source. The Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian originates beside the nose, connects with the eye system, circles the lips, descends to intersect at Chengjiang (CV24), then runs down behind the jaw, emerges at Daying (ST5), and follows along Jiache (ST6). Therefore, its pathology includes fever, eye pain, dry nose, and inability to lie down comfortably. As the classic states: "Facial heat indicates Foot-Yangming disease." Zhang Zhongjing also stated: "In Yangming disease, the face is entirely red." These serve as diagnostic indicators for Yangming meridian disorders.
Furthermore, there are correspondences for the abdomen, hypochondrium, and diaphragm. "Cheek extending upwards against the zygoma" indicates large masses (Jia); "below the jaw angle" corresponds to abdominal fullness; "behind the zygoma" corresponds to hypochondriac pain; "above the cheek" corresponds to the upper diaphragm. These are distinctions based on location and pathological coloration. The skin, flesh, blood, Qi, sinews, and bones each have their own corresponding regions. The *Ling Shu* states: "Complexion appearing between the eyebrows with a thin luster indicates disease in the skin; lip colors showing green, yellow, red, white, or black indicate disease in the flesh; abnormal moistness of Ying Qi indicates disease in blood and Qi; eye colors showing green, yellow, red, white, or black indicate disease in the sinews; ears that are dry, withered, and covered in dust indicate disease in the bones." This maps the tissues associated with the Five Zang organs onto the five morphological regions.
The diagnosis of wind diseases differs further. Heart wind is diagnosed at the mouth, with red coloration; Liver wind is diagnosed below the eyes, with green coloration; Lung wind is diagnosed above the eyebrows, with white coloration; Spleen wind is diagnosed on the nose, with yellow coloration; Kidney wind is diagnosed on the muscle surface, with black coloration. In such cases, one must study deeply, reflect repeatedly, and achieve comprehensive understanding. Although clinical manifestations may vary widely, the physician maintains clear insight, thereby avoiding misdiagnosis. Regarding pediatric diagnostics, the facial divisions of the Five Zang organs, and the Bagua positions in smallpox diagnostics, are derived from the methods in the *Neijing*, concealing the textual details while revealing the underlying principles. Mastery of these concepts allows for analogical reasoning and broader application. (Note: Gao Shizong interprets "on the muscle" as referring to the cheek flesh, which should be adopted.)