一名鸡舌香
辛温无毒。有子而大者曰母丁香，去蒂及子用。忌见火。
发明 丁香辛温入手太阴、足少阴、阳明经。温胃进食，止呕定泻，虚冷下痢白沫之要
药。干霍乱不吐不下及呕逆不止，厥冷脉沉者，并宜服之；胃寒肝虚，呃逆呕哕，在所必用
。但渴欲饮水，热哕呃逆，不可误投。小儿痘疹不光泽，不起发，气虚灰白，或胀或泻或渴
或气促，表里俱虚之证并宜加用。凡胃逆呕吐者，健胃消痰药中加三五粒甚效。不宜多用，
但其性易于僭上，过用则损肺伤目，非属虚寒者概不可施。丁皮即丁香树皮，似筒桂皮而坚
浓，色深紫，较之肉桂味稍枯，气稍滞，专治一切心腹冷气，腹胀恶心，泄泻虚滑，水谷不
消，及齿痛诸证。方家用代丁香，今舶上人每以伪充肉桂，不可不辨。
辛温无毒。禁用火焙。
发明 白檀香善调膈上诸气，散冷气，引胃气上升，进饮食兼通阳明之经。郁抑不舒，
呕逆吐食者宜之，痈疽溃后脓多禁用。
咸平无毒。
发明 白檀辛温，气分药也，故能理卫气而调脾肺，利胸膈。紫檀咸平，血分药也，力
能和营气而消肿毒。疗金疮各有攸宜。
辛温无毒。禁用火焙。
发明 降真香色赤入血分而下降。故内服能行血破滞，外涂可止血定痛。刃伤用紫金散
，即降真香用磁瓦刮下，和血竭研末是也；又虚损吐红，色瘀昧不鲜者，宜加用之，其功与
花蕊石散不殊。血热妄行色紫浓浓，脉实便秘者禁用。
【丁香】
又名鸡舌香。
性味辛、温，无毒。果实中有籽且体积较大的称为“母丁香”，使用时需去除蒂部和籽，只取果肉。忌用火炒。
【发明】（对药性的阐释）
丁香的辛温之性主要归入手太阴肺经、足少阴肾经和足阳明胃经。它能温暖胃部以增进食欲，止住呕吐并缓解腹泻，是治疗因虚寒引起的下痢伴有白色黏液的要药。对于干霍乱（一种以剧烈腹痛、欲吐不得吐、欲泻不得泻为特征的急症）导致的不吐不泻，以及呕吐逆气不止、四肢厥冷、脉象沉伏的患者，都适宜服用；若是胃寒兼肝虚导致的呃逆、呕吐或干呕，也是必须使用的药物。但是，如果患者口渴想喝水，或因热邪导致的呃逆、呕吐，则不可误用。小儿患痘疹时，若痘色不光泽、不能起发，伴有气虚、颜色灰白，或者出现腹胀、腹泻、口渴、气促等表里俱虚的症状，也适宜加入使用。凡是因胃气上逆导致的呕吐，在健胃消痰的药物中加入三到五粒丁香，效果显著。但不宜大量使用，因为丁香的药性容易向上僭越，过量使用会损伤肺脏和眼睛，非属虚寒证者一概不可施用。
丁皮即丁香树的树皮，形状像筒状桂皮但更坚硬浓厚，颜色深紫，与肉桂相比味道稍显枯涩，气味稍显滞重，专门治疗各种心腹部的冷气疼痛、腹胀恶心、泄泻滑脱、水谷不消化，以及牙齿疼痛等各种病症。方剂中常用它代替丁香，如今从海外进口的商人常以此伪充肉桂，不得不加以辨别。
【白檀香】
性味辛、温，无毒。禁止用火焙烤。
【发明】
白檀善于调理膈膜以上的各种气机阻滞，驱散冷气，引导胃气上升，增进饮食，同时通达足阳明胃经。对于气机郁结不畅、呕吐逆气、吐出食物者适宜使用，但在痈疽溃烂后脓液较多时禁用。
【紫檀】
性味咸、平，无毒。
【发明】
白檀香性味辛温，属于气分药，因此能调理卫气而调和脾肺，通畅胸膈。紫檀性味咸平，属于血分药，其力量能和营气而消除肿毒。治疗金创（金属利器造成的创伤）各有适宜的用途。
【降真香】
性味辛、温，无毒。禁止用火焙烤。
【发明】
降真香颜色赤红，入血分且具有下降的特性。因此内服能行血破滞，外涂可止血定痛。治疗刀伤时使用紫金散，就是用降真香用磁瓦刮下粉末，与血竭研成细末混合而成；另外对于虚损导致的吐血，血色瘀暗不鲜亮者，适宜加入使用，其功效与花蕊石散不相上下。如果是血热妄行导致血色紫黑浓稠，且脉象实大、便秘的患者，则禁用。
[Dingxiang]
Also known as Jitixiang (Chicken Tongue Fragrance).
Nature and flavor: Acrid, warm, non-toxic. The fruit containing seeds and being larger is called "Mother Dingxiang"; when used, remove the stem and seeds, utilizing only the flesh. Avoid exposure to fire.
[Invention/Commentary]
The acrid-warm nature of Dingxiang enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It warms the stomach to promote digestion, stops vomiting, and relieves diarrhea; it is a key herb for treating dysentery with white mucus caused by deficiency-cold. For cases of Gan Huoluan (Dry Cholera, characterized by severe abdominal pain without vomiting or diarrhea) resulting in inability to vomit or defecate, as well as persistent regurgitation/vomiting accompanied by cold limbs and a deep pulse, it is suitable for use. In cases of stomach cold combined with liver deficiency causing hiccup, vomiting, or dry heaves, it is essential. However, if the patient has thirst with desire to drink water, or experiences hiccups and vomiting due to heat, it must not be mistakenly administered. For children suffering from smallpox/variolous rashes that lack luster and fail to erupt, presenting with Qi deficiency, grayish-white color, abdominal distension, diarrhea, thirst, or shortness of breath—indicating deficiency in both exterior and interior—it is also suitable to add. For vomiting caused by rebellious Stomach Qi, adding three to five grains of Dingxiang to herbs that strengthen the stomach and resolve phlegm yields significant effects. It should not be used in large quantities because its nature tends to surge upward; excessive use damages the lungs and eyes, and it is generally contraindicated for those not suffering from deficiency-cold.
Dingpi (Dingxiang Bark) is the bark of the Dingxiang tree. It resembles Cinnamon Twig in shape but is harder and thicker, with a deep purple color. Compared to Rougui (Cinnamon Bark), its taste is slightly duller and its aroma slightly more stagnant. It specifically treats all types of cold qi accumulation in the heart and abdomen, abdominal distension, nausea, slippery diarrhea, indigestion of food and water, and various toothaches. Formulary practitioners often use it to substitute for Dingxiang. Currently, merchants importing goods from overseas often pass it off as counterfeit Rougui, so careful distinction is necessary.
[Baitanxiang]
Nature and flavor: Acrid, warm, non-toxic. Roasting over fire is prohibited.
[Invention/Commentary]
Baitanxiang excels at regulating various Qi stagnations above the diaphragm, dispersing cold qi, guiding Stomach Qi to ascend, promoting appetite, and unblocking the Foot-Yangming Meridian. It is suitable for cases of Qi depression and discomfort, regurgitation, vomiting, and expulsion of food. It is contraindicated after the ulceration of carbuncles and sores when there is abundant pus.
[Zitan]
Nature and flavor: Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
[Invention/Commentary]
Baitanxiang is acrid and warm, belonging to the Qi-level herbs; thus, it can regulate Wei-Qi (Defensive Qi) to harmonize the Spleen and Lungs, and benefit the chest and diaphragm. Zitan is salty and neutral, belonging to the Blood-level herbs; its strength can harmonize Ying-Qi (Nutritive Qi) and reduce swelling and toxicity. Each has its specific suitability for treating metal weapon injuries (Jinchuang).
[Jiangzhenxiang]
Nature and flavor: Acrid, warm, non-toxic. Roasting over fire is prohibited.
[Invention/Commentary]
Jiangzhenxiang is red in color, enters the Blood level, and has a descending nature. Therefore, internally it promotes blood circulation and breaks up stagnation, while externally applied it stops bleeding and alleviates pain. For knife wounds, Zijin San (Purple Gold Powder) is used, which consists of powder scraped from Jiangzhenxiang using a ceramic tile, mixed with Xuejie (Dragon's Blood) and ground into fine powder. Additionally, for deficiency-induced hematemesis where the blood is dark and dull rather than bright, it is suitable to add this herb; its efficacy is comparable to that of Huaruishi San (Flower Ochre Stone Powder). It is contraindicated for cases of reckless bleeding due to blood-heat, characterized by thick, dark purple blood, a full pulse, and constipation.