甘温，无毒。
按胡演《丹药秘诀》云，升灵砂法用新锅安逍遥炉上，蜜揩锅底，文火下烧，入硫黄二
两溶化，投水银八两，以铁匙急搅作青砂头，如有焰起，喷醋解之。待汞不见星取出，细研
盛入水火鼎内，盐泥固济，下以自然火升之，干水十二盏为度，取出，如 针纹者成矣。《
庚辛玉册》云∶灵砂有三，以一伏时周天火而成者，谓之金鼎灵砂。以九度抽添用周天火而
成者，谓之九转灵砂。以地数三十日炒炼而成者，谓之老火灵砂。并宜桑灰淋醋煮伏过用之
。于朱砂中炼出者，谓之真汞，尤为神效。
发明 时珍曰，此以至阳钩至阴，脱阴反阳，故曰灵砂，为扶危拯急之灵丹。虚阳上逆
，痰涎壅盛，头眩吐逆，喘不得卧，寤不得寐，霍乱反胃，心腹冷痛，允为镇坠虚火之专药
。但不可久服。凡胃虚呕吐，伤暑霍乱，心肺热郁禁用。
辛苦温，微毒。武都者良。入香油熬化或米醋入萝卜汁煮干用，生则有毒伤人。
《本经》主寒热鼠 ，恶疮疽痔死肌，杀精物恶鬼邪气，百虫毒，胜五兵。
发明 雄黄生山之阳，纯阳之精，入足阳明经。得阳气之正，能破阴邪、杀百虫、辟百
邪，故《本经》所主皆阴邪浊恶之病。胜五兵者，功倍五毒之药也。其治惊痫痰涎及射工沙
虱毒，与大蒜合捣涂之。同硝石煮服，立吐腹中毒虫。《千金方》治疔肿恶疮，先刺四边及
中心，以雄黄末敷之。《圣惠方》治伤寒狐惑，以雄黄烧于瓶中，熏其下部。《和剂局方》
酒症丸同蝎尾、巴豆治酒积痛。《肘后方》以雄黄矾石甘草汤煮，治阴肿如斗。《经验方》
以雄黄、白芷为末酒煎，治破伤风肿。《家秘方》以雄黄研细，神曲糊为丸，空心酒下四五
分，日服无间，专消疟母。《急救良方》以雄黄五钱、麝香二钱为末，作二服，酒下，治疯
狗咬伤。《外台秘要》雄黄敷药箭毒。《摄生》妙用，雄黄、硫黄、绿豆粉，人乳调敷，酒
鼻赤不过三五次愈。《痘疹证治》以雄黄一钱、紫草三钱为末，胭脂汁调，先以银簪挑破
搽痘疔。《万氏方》治壅疡漫肿色不 赤，明雄黄细末三分，鸡子破壳调入饭上蒸熟食之，
重者不过三枚即消。《圣济录》以雄黄、猪胆汁调敷白秃头疮。熏黄治恶疮疥癣，杀虫虱，
和诸药熏嗽。《千金方》有咳嗽熏法。
味甘、性温，无毒。
据胡演《丹药秘诀》记载，炼制灵砂的方法是用新锅安置在逍遥炉上，用蜂蜜擦拭锅底，用文火加热烧制，放入二两硫黄使其熔化，投入八两水银，用铁勺快速搅拌形成青砂头，如果有火焰升起，喷洒醋来化解。待水银不再闪烁星点时取出，细细研磨后盛入水火鼎内，用盐泥密封加固，下面用自然火升炼，以消耗十二盏水为限度，取出后，如果呈现针纹状就算成功了。《庚辛玉册》记载：灵砂有三种，经过一个伏时周天火候炼制而成的，称为金鼎灵砂。经过九次抽添并用周天火候炼制而成的，称为九转灵砂。经过三十天地数炒炼而成的，称为老火灵砂。这些都需要用桑灰淋出的醋煮过、伏藏处理后使用。从朱砂中提炼出来的，称为真汞，效果尤为神奇显著。
发明（按语）：李时珍说，此药以至阳之性牵引至阴之物，使阴气脱去而阳气回复，所以称为灵砂，是扶持危局、拯救急症的神丹。对于虚阳上逆，痰涎壅盛，头晕目眩，呕吐逆气，气喘不能平卧，醒着睡不着，霍乱反胃，心腹冷痛，确实是镇压虚火的专用药物。但不可长期服用。凡是胃虚呕吐，伤暑霍乱，心肺热郁者禁用。
味辛、苦，性温，微毒。以武都出产的质量好。入香油熬化或用米醋加入萝卜汁煮干后使用，生用有毒会伤人。
《神农本草经》主治寒热、鼠瘘（淋巴结结核），恶疮、疽、痔、死肌，杀灭精物、恶鬼邪气，百虫毒，抵御五兵（兵器/外伤）。
发明（按语）：雄黄生于山之南面，是纯阳的精粹，入足阳明胃经。得到正气的阳气，能破除阴邪、杀灭百虫、辟除百邪，所以《神农本草经》所主治的都是阴邪浊恶的疾病。所谓“胜五兵”，是指其功效超过五种毒药制成的武器。它治疗惊痫痰涎以及射工沙虱毒，与大蒜一起捣碎外涂。与硝石同煮服用，能立即吐出腹中的中毒虫。《千金方》治疗疔肿恶疮，先刺破四周及中心，将雄黄粉末敷在上面。《圣惠方》治疗伤寒狐惑病，将雄黄在瓶中烧灼，熏蒸下部。《和剂局方》的酒症丸配合蝎尾、巴豆治疗酒积疼痛。《肘后方》用雄黄矾石甘草汤煎煮，治疗阴部肿胀如斗大。《经验方》用雄黄、白芷研末，酒煎服，治疗破伤风肿胀。《家秘方》将雄黄研细，神曲糊制成丸药，空腹酒送服四五分，每日不间断服用，专门消除疟母（疟疾形成的痞块）。《急救良方》用雄黄五钱、麝香二钱研末，分两次服用，酒送服，治疗疯狗咬伤。《外台秘要》用雄黄敷治箭毒。《摄生》妙用，用雄黄、硫黄、绿豆粉，用人乳调匀外敷，治疗酒鼻赤红不过三五次即可痊愈。《痘疹证治》用雄黄一钱、紫草三钱研末，用胭脂汁调和，先用银簪挑破痘疔后涂抹。《万氏方》治疗痈疡漫肿颜色不红，用明雄黄细末三分，鸡蛋打破壳调入饭上蒸熟食用，严重的不过三个就能消退。《圣济录》用雄黄、猪胆汁调匀外敷白秃头疮。熏黄治疗恶疮疥癣，杀虫虱，配合其他药物熏嗽。《千金方》有咳嗽熏法。
Sweet and warm, non-toxic.
According to Hu Yan's "Secrets of Alchemy" (Danyao Mijue), the method for refining Ling Sha (Spirit Cinnabar) involves placing a new pot on a Xiaoyao furnace, wiping the bottom of the pot with honey, and heating it gently over a low fire. Two taels of Realgar (Huangshi, 硫黄) are added until melted, followed by eight taels of Mercury (Shuiyin, 水银). The mixture is stirred rapidly with an iron spoon to form "Qingsha Tou" (Green Sand Head). If flames arise, vinegar is sprayed to extinguish them. Once the mercury no longer shows star-like reflections, it is removed, finely ground, and placed into a Shuihuo Ding (Water-Fire Cauldron). The vessel is sealed tightly with salt mud and heated by natural fire until twelve lamps' worth of water has evaporated. Upon removal, if needle-like patterns appear, the refinement is complete. The "Gengxin Yuce" states that there are three types of Ling Sha: one refined in one Fu period using Zhou Tian fire is called Jinding Ling Sha (Golden Tripod Spirit Cinnabar); one refined through nine cycles of addition and subtraction using Zhou Tian fire is called Jiuzhuan Ling Sha (Nine-Turn Spirit Cinnabar); and one refined over thirty days using earth numbers is called Laohuo Ling Sha (Old Fire Spirit Cinnabar). All should be boiled in vinegar derived from mulberry ash, then stored (Fu) before use. Those refined from Zhusha (Cinnabar) are called Zhen Geng (True Mercury) and are particularly efficacious.
Invention (Commentary): Li Shizhen stated that this substance uses extreme Yang to attract extreme Yin, causing Yin to shed and Yang to return; hence it is called Ling Sha. It is a miraculous pill for supporting critical conditions and saving emergencies. For symptoms such as rebellious deficiency Yang, excessive phlegm-saliva, dizziness, vomiting and regurgitation, asthma preventing lying flat, insomnia, cholera with regurgitation, and cold pain in the heart and abdomen, it is indeed a specific medicine for suppressing deficiency fire. However, it should not be taken for a long time. It is contraindicated for vomiting due to stomach deficiency, cholera due to summerheat, and heat stagnation in the heart and lungs.
Pungent, bitter, and warm, slightly toxic. The variety from Wu Du is superior. It should be melted in sesame oil or boiled dry with rice vinegar and radish juice; raw use is toxic and harmful to humans.
The "Shennong Benjing" indicates its treatment of chills and fever, scrofula (Shu Liu, 鼠瘘), malignant sores, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, necrotic tissue, killing spirits and evil ghosts, venomous insects, and protection against weapons.
Invention (Commentary): Xionghuang (Realgar) grows on the sunny side of mountains and is the pure essence of Yang. It enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. Receiving the upright Qi of Yang, it can break Yin pathogens, kill insects, and repel evils. Therefore, all conditions treated in the "Shennong Benjing" are diseases caused by Yin pathogens and turbid filth. Its ability to "surpass five weapons" means its efficacy exceeds that of medicines made from five toxins. It treats convulsions, epilepsy, and phlegm-saliva, as well as the toxicity of "Shegong" (arrow frog) and "Shashi" (sand louse); when crushed with garlic and applied externally, it is effective. When boiled and taken with Nixiao (Niter), it induces immediate vomiting of poisoned insects in the abdomen. The "Qianjin Fang" treats ding-sores and malignant ulcers by first pricking the four sides and center, then applying Xionghuang powder. The "Shenghui Fang" treats Shanghan Huhu disease by burning Xionghuang in a bottle to fumigate the lower body. The "Heji Jufang"'s Jiu Zheng Wan, combined with Scorpion Tail (Xiewei, 蝎尾) and Croton Seed (Badou, 巴豆), treats alcohol accumulation pain. The "Zhouhou Beiji Fang" uses a decoction of Xionghuang, Alum (Fanshi, 矾石), and Licorice Root (Gancao, 甘草) to treat genital swelling like a beanbag. The "Jingyan Fang" uses Xionghuang and Angelica Dahurica (Baizhi, 白芷) powdered and decocted in wine to treat traumatic wind swelling. The "Jia Mifang" grinds Xionghuang finely, forms pills with fermented dough (Shenqu, 神曲), and takes 4-5 fen with wine on an empty stomach daily without interruption to specifically eliminate Nuomu (Malaria mass). The "Jiujie Liangfang" uses 5 qian of Xionghuang and 2 qian of Musk (Shexiang, 麝香) powdered, divided into two doses taken with wine, to treat rabid dog bites. The "Waitai Miyao" applies Xionghuang topically for arrow poison. The "Shesheng" describes a妙用 (wonderful use): mixing Xionghuang, Huangshi (Sulfur, 硫黄), and Mung Bean Powder (Lvdoufen, 绿豆粉) with human milk for topical application cures rhinophyma (wine nose redness) in three to five applications. The "Douzhen Zhengzhi" mixes 1 qian of Xionghuang and 3 qian of Arnebia Root (Zicao, 紫草) into powder, adjusts with carmine juice, and after pricking a pustule sore with a silver hairpin, applies the mixture. The "Wanshi Fang" treats diffuse abscesses without redness by taking 3 fen of fine Ming Xionghuang powder mixed into a cracked eggshell, steamed with rice and eaten orally; severe cases resolve within three doses. The "Shengji Lu" mixes Xionghuang with pig bile for topical application on white tinea capitis. Xunhuang (fumigated realgar) treats malignant sores, scabies, and tinea, kills lice, and is used in fumigation therapies combined with other herbs. The "Qianjin Fang" contains a fumigation method for cough.