《本经》名牙子
苦辛寒，有毒。以其形似兽牙故名。白者良。中湿糜烂生衣者
杀人。
《本经》主邪气热气，疥瘙，恶疡疮痔，去白虫。
发明 野狼牙较野狼毒之性稍缓，而所治亦相类。《金匮》九痛丸用野狼牙，《局方》用野狼毒
。方用附子三两，野狼牙、人参、吴茱萸、干姜各一两，巴霜一钱，蜜丸梧子大，日服二三丸
，治九种心痛，并卒中恶腹胀满。又连年积冷流注心胸痛，及冷冲上气，落马坠车，血疾，
皆主之。《本经》治邪气热气，去白虫，益心痛多有属虫积者，故前方用之亦治恶疡疮痔。
《金匮》、《外台》、《千金》并以煎洗阴疮蚀痒，捣汁治射工溪毒，《肘后》以之捣贴金
疮，《外台》以之蜜丸，浆水服一丸，治寸白虫，皆取杀虫解毒之功也。
辛寒，有毒。
《本经》主疝瘕肠泄，膀胱热结，溺不下，咳逆湿喑，癫痫惊邪狂走，久服坚骨髓，
益气轻身。
发明 防葵辛寒，性善走散。能治疝瘕肠泄，膀胱热结等证，而《别录》又言，疗五脏
虚气，小腹支满，胪胀口干，除肾邪，强志，中有火者不可久服，令人恍惚见鬼，二说各有
主见。一治浊邪支塞，惊邪狂走，故须久服，开除积垢，自然髓充骨坚，正气自复。一以疗
五脏虚气，肾邪逆满，故不可久服，久服恐正气愈虚，不能制五志之火，引领痰湿上侮君主
，令人恍惚见鬼。同一防葵，而有治惊邪狂走与久服见鬼之不同也。尝考《千金方》防葵为
治风虚、通血脉之上药，每与参术钟乳石英并用，取其祛逐风虚，通利血脉，而正气得复，
肾志自强，当无助火为虐之虑矣。
《神农本草经》称其为“牙子”。
味苦、辛，性寒，有毒。因其形状像野兽的牙齿而得名。白色的品质较好。如果因受潮腐烂并长出菌衣的，会致人死亡。
《神农本草经》记载其主治邪气热气，疥疮瘙痒，恶性的疮疡痔疮，去除白虫（肠道寄生虫）。
【发明】野狼牙的药性比野狼毒稍缓和，但所治疗的病症也相似。《金匮要略》中的九痛丸使用野狼牙，《太平惠民和剂局方》中使用野狼毒。该方剂由附子三两、野狼牙、人参、吴茱萸、干姜各一两，巴豆霜一钱组成，制成梧桐子大小的蜜丸，每日服用二至三丸，治疗九种心痛，以及突然中受恶气导致的腹胀满。又用于治疗连年积冷流注心胸引起的疼痛，以及寒气冲上之气、跌打损伤（落马坠车）、血瘀疾病等，均以此为主治药物。《神农本草经》记载其治疗邪气热气，去除白虫，益心（此处指对心脏或心神有益，结合上下文多指因虫积导致的心痛），心痛很多属于虫积所致，所以前面的方剂用它也能治疗恶性的疮疡痔疮。《金匮要略》、《外台秘要》、《千金方》都将其煎汤清洗阴部疮疡引起的瘙痒，捣汁治疗射工溪毒（一种水中毒虫叮咬引起的疾病）；《肘后备急方》将其捣碎贴敷于金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）；《外台秘要》将其制成蜜丸，用浆水送服一丸，治疗寸白虫（绦虫），都是取其杀虫解毒的功效。
味辛、寒，有毒。
《神农本草经》主治疝气瘕块、肠泄、膀胱热结、小便不通、咳逆、湿喑（因湿邪导致的失音）、癫痫、惊邪、狂走，长期服用可坚固骨髓，益气轻身。
【发明】防葵味辛、寒，药性善于走散。能治疗疝气瘕块、肠泄、膀胱热结等证候，而《名医别录》又说它能治疗五脏虚气、小腹支撑胀满、腹部胀大口干，祛除肾邪，增强意志，但体内有火的人不可久服，否则令人恍惚见鬼，这两种说法各有侧重。一种观点认为治疗浊邪支塞、惊邪狂走，所以需要久服，以开除积垢，自然髓充骨坚，正气自复。另一种观点认为治疗五脏虚气、肾邪逆满，所以不可久服，久服恐怕正气更虚，不能制约五志之火，引领痰湿上犯君主之官，令人恍惚见鬼。同样是防葵，却有治疗惊邪狂走与久服见鬼的不同之处。我曾考证《千金方》，防葵是治疗风虚、通血脉的上品药物，常与人参、白术、钟乳石、石英并用，取其祛逐风虚、通利血脉，从而使正气得以恢复，肾志自强，应当没有助火为虐的顾虑了。
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) refers to it as "Yazi".
Bitter, pungent, cold in nature, and toxic. It is named so because its shape resembles the teeth of beasts. The white variety is of superior quality. Those that have rotted due to dampness and developed a fungal coating are lethal.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states that it treats pathogenic heat and qi, scabies with itching, malignant ulcers, hemorrhoids, and expels tapeworms (intestinal parasites).
[Invention/Commentary]
Ye Langya (Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii or similar toxic root, contextually distinct from standard Aconite but treated here as a specific herb entity) has a slightly milder nature compared to Ye Langdu (Radix Sargentodoxae), yet the conditions it treats are similar. The *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet) utilizes Ye Langya in the Jiutong Wan (Nine Pain Pill). The *Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang* (Formulas of Benevolence for the People) utilizes Ye Langdu. This formula consists of Sanliang of Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root), one liang each of Ye Langya, Renshen (Ginseng Root), Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit), and Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), along with one qian of Bashuang (Croton Seed Resin). These are processed into honey pills the size of Sophora seeds. Taking two to three pills daily treats nine types of heart pain, as well as sudden onset of abdominal distension and fullness caused by malicious qi invasion. It is also indicated for chronic cold stagnation flowing into the chest and heart causing pain, rebellious qi due to cold, injuries from falling off horses or vehicles, and blood disorders. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* records its ability to treat pathogenic heat and qi and expel tapeworms. Since many cases of heart pain are attributed to parasitic accumulation, this formula employs it to also treat malignant ulcers and hemorrhoids. Both the *Jingui Yaolue*, *Waitai Miyao* (Secret Essentials from the Outer Cabinet), and *Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) recommend decocting it for washing external ulcers on the genitals causing itching, or crushing it to extract juice for treating Shegong Xidu (toxic injury from aquatic insects like Leeches or water bugs). The *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* (Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies) suggests crushing it for topical application on metal-induced wounds. The *Waitai Miyao* recommends forming it into honey pills taken with fermented grain water to treat Taenia saginata (pork tapeworm). All these applications leverage its insecticidal and detoxifying properties.
Pungent, cold in nature, and toxic.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states that it treats hernia masses (Shan Jia), intestinal diarrhea, heat accumulation in the bladder, inability to urinate, coughing and rebellious qi, aphonia due to dampness, epilepsy, fright pathogens, manic running, and long-term use strengthens the bone marrow, tonifies qi, and lightens the body.
[Invention/Commentary]
Fangkui (Root of Cyathula officinalis or similar) is pungent and cold, with a nature that favors dispersing and moving. It can treat conditions such as hernia masses, intestinal diarrhea, and heat accumulation in the bladder. However, the *Mingyi Bielu* (Record of Famous Physicians) states it treats deficiency qi of the five zang organs, distension and fullness in the lower abdomen, abdominal bloating with dry mouth, eliminates kidney pathogens, and strengthens willpower. Yet, those with internal fire should not take it for a long time, as it may cause hallucinations of seeing ghosts. These two perspectives have their own rationales. One view holds that for treating turbid pathogen obstruction and fright pathogens leading to manic behavior, long-term use is necessary to clear accumulated filth, thereby naturally filling the marrow, strengthening bones, and restoring righteous qi. The other view argues that for treating deficiency qi of the five zang organs and rebellious fullness due to kidney pathogens, long-term use is contraindicated; prolonged use may further deplete righteous qi, failing to control the fire of the five emotions, which leads phlegm-dampness to rebel against the Heart (the Monarch), causing hallucinations. Thus, regarding Fangkui, there is a discrepancy between treating fright/manic behavior and causing hallucinations through long-term use. I have examined the *Qianjin Fang*, where Fangkui is considered a premier herb for treating wind-deficiency and unblocking blood vessels. It is often used together with Renshen (Ginseng Root), Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), Zhongru Shi (Halloysitum), and Shiyingshi (Quartz). This combination aims to dispel wind-deficiency and promote blood vessel patency, allowing righteous qi to recover and kidney willpower to strengthen, thus avoiding concerns about aggravating fire.