本作 冬
甘寒，无毒。去心用，即不烦心。
《本经》主心腹结气，伤中伤饱，胃络脉绝，羸瘦短气，久服轻身不老，不饥。
发明 麦门冬阳中微阴，入心肺肾及足阳明之经，定心热惊烦，疗肺痿吐脓。盖专泄而
不专收，寒多人禁服。肺中伏火，脉气欲绝者，加五味子、人参为生脉散，专补脉中元气不
足。东垣云∶六七月间湿热方盛，人病骨乏无力，身重气短，头旋眼黑，甚则痿软。故孙真
人以生脉散补其天元真气。脉者，人之元气也。人参之甘温，泻阴火而益元气。麦门冬甘寒
，滋燥金而清水源。五味子之酸咸，泻丙火而补庚金，兼益五脏之气也。时珍曰∶麦门冬
以地黄为使，服之令人头不白，添精补髓，通肾气，定喘促，令人肌体滑泽。《本经》主心
腹结气，伤中伤饱，胃络脉绝，羸瘦短气，一气贯下，言因过饱伤胃而致心腹气结，脉绝不
通，羸瘦短气，故宜以此滋其津液，通其肺胃，殊非开豁痰气，消克饮食之谓。其阴虚羸瘦
，喘咳上气，失音失血及风热暴嗽，咸非所宜；恐寒郁热邪，牢不可破，多成虚损之疾。麻
疹咳嗽不可误用，以其性寒助阴，固敛阳邪不能发越也。凡脾胃虚寒泄泻及痘疮虚寒作泻，
产后血虚泻渴，皆非所宜。
一名宜男，一名忘忧
甘平，无毒。
发明 萱性下走入阴，故根治砂石淋，下水气及酒瘅大热，衄血。擂酒服治吹乳肿痛。
花治酒瘅，利湿热。其花起层者，有毒勿食。
麦门冬
味甘，性寒，无毒。使用时需去除心部，这样就不会引起心烦。
《神农本草经》记载其主治心腹部的结聚之气，内伤中气或过饱所致的损伤，胃络脉断绝（气血不通），身体消瘦、呼吸短促。长期服用可使人身体轻健、延缓衰老、减少饥饿感。
【发明】麦门冬属于阳中带有微阴之性，归入心、肺、肾及足阳明胃经。它能平息心热引起的惊悸烦躁，治疗肺痿导致的咳吐脓血。因为它主要作用是泄降而非收敛，所以体内寒气重的人禁止服用。对于肺中有潜伏之火、脉气将要断绝的情况，加入五味子和人参组成生脉散，专门补充脉中元气的不足。李东垣说：在六七月间，湿热正盛的时候，人容易患骨节乏力、身体沉重、气短、头晕眼花的症状，甚至出现肢体痿软无力。因此孙思邈使用生脉散来补益人体的先天真气。脉，就是人的元气。人参味甘性温，能泻阴火而补益元气；麦门冬味甘性寒，能滋润燥热的肺金并清利水源；五味子味酸咸，能泻丙火（小肠火）而补庚金（大肠/肺），同时兼补五脏之气。李时珍说：麦门冬以地黄为引药，服用后能防止头发变白，增添精髓，疏通肾气，平息气喘，使肌肤滑润光泽。《神农本草经》所说的“主心腹结气，伤中伤饱，胃络脉绝，羸瘦短气”，是一气呵成的论述，意思是因过度饱食损伤胃部，导致心腹部气机结聚，脉道不通，身体消瘦且气短，所以适宜用此药来滋养津液，疏通肺和胃的功能，这绝不是指用它来豁痰理气或消食导滞。那些阴虚消瘦、气喘咳嗽、声音嘶哑、咯血以及风热突发咳嗽的患者，都不适宜使用麦门冬；恐怕因其寒性郁遏热邪，牢固难解，最终多形成虚损的疾病。麻疹期间的咳嗽不可误用，因为其性寒助长阴邪，固敛阳气导致邪气不能发散。凡是脾胃虚寒导致的泄泻，以及痘疮因虚寒引起的泄泻，产后血虚导致的腹泻和口渴，都不适宜使用。
萱草
又名宜男，又名忘忧。
味甘，性平，无毒。
【发明】萱草的药性下行并进入阴分，所以其根部可用于治疗砂石淋证，消除水气积聚以及酒疸引起的大热和鼻出血。将根擂碎后用酒送服，可治疗吹乳（急性乳腺炎）引起的肿痛。萱草花用于治疗酒疸，有利湿清热的作用。如果萱草的花是层层叠生的，则有毒，不可食用。
Ophiopogon Japonicus (Maidong)
Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Use after removing the heart, which prevents causing mental restlessness.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it governs knotting qi in the chest and abdomen, injury to the middle jiao or overeating, severance of the stomach collateral vessels, emaciation and shortness of breath. Long-term use makes the body light, delays aging, and reduces hunger.
[Invention] Maidong is slightly yin within yang. It enters the Heart, Lung, Kidney, and Foot-Yangming Stomach meridians. It settles heat in the Heart causing palpitations and vexation, and treats lung abscess with expectoration of pus. Its action is primarily draining rather than astringent; thus, it is contraindicated for those with excessive cold. For latent fire in the lungs where pulse qi is about to cease, adding Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry) and Renshen (Ginseng) forms Shengmai San (Generate the Pulse Decoction), which specifically tonifies insufficient yuan qi in the pulses. Li Dongyuan stated: Between the sixth and seventh months, when damp-heat is abundant, people suffer from bone weakness and fatigue, heavy body, shortness of breath, dizziness, and blacking out of the eyes, even to the point of flaccidity. Therefore, Sun Simiao used Shengmai San to tonify the primordial true qi. The pulse represents human yuan qi. Renshen is sweet and warm, draining yin fire and benefiting yuan qi. Maidong is sweet and cold, moistening dry metal (Lung) and clearing the water source. Wuweizi is sour and salty, draining bing fire (Small Intestine fire) and tonifying geng metal (Large Intestine/Lung), while also benefiting the qi of the five zang organs. Li Shizhen stated: When used with Dihuang (Rehmannia Root) as an assistant, Maidong prevents whitening of the hair, adds essence and marrow, unblocks kidney qi, settles panting, and makes the skin smooth and lustrous. The statement in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* regarding "governing knotting qi in the chest and abdomen, injury to the middle jiao or overeating, severance of stomach collateral vessels, emaciation and shortness of breath" flows as one continuous thought. It means that due to overeating damaging the stomach, leading to knotting of qi in the chest and abdomen, blockage of vessels, emaciation, and shortness of breath, it is appropriate to use this herb to nourish fluids and unblock the Lung and Stomach. This does not refer to resolving phlegm or digesting food. It is unsuitable for those with yin deficiency and emaciation, panting and coughing, loss of voice, hemoptysis, and sudden cough due to wind-heat; its cold nature may constrain heat pathogens, making them difficult to resolve, often resulting in chronic deficiency diseases. It must not be mistakenly used for cough during measles, as its cold nature aids yin and constrains yang, preventing the pathogen from venting. It is unsuitable for diarrhea due to spleen-stomach deficiency-cold, diarrhea due to deficiency-cold in smallpox/variolae, and postpartum diarrhea and thirst due to blood deficiency.
Daylily (Xuancao)
Also known as Yinan (Suitable for Men) and Wangyou (Forget Sorrow).
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Invention] Xuancao's nature descends and enters the yin levels. Therefore, its root treats gravel strangury, moves water qi, and addresses the severe heat and epistaxis caused by jaundice due to alcohol. Pounded and taken with wine, it treats mastitis with swelling and pain. The flower treats jaundice due to alcohol and promotes the discharge of damp-heat. If the flowers are layered, they are toxic and should not be eaten.