《本经》名 ，即湿生虫
酸咸无毒。
发明 《金匮》治久疟，鳖甲煎丸中用之，以其主寒热去瘀积也。古方治惊痫血病多用
之，厥阴血分药也。《千金》治产妇遗尿，以鼠妇七枚熬研，温酒服之。痘疮倒靥为末，酒
服一字即起；又解射干、蜘蛛毒。
《本经》名地鳖
咸寒有毒。或去足炒用，或酒醉死，去足捣汁用。
《本经》主心腹寒热洗洗，血积症瘕，破坚下血闭。
发明 虫伏土而善攻隙穴，伤之不死，与陵鲤不殊。故能和伤损，散阳明积血。《本
经》治心腹寒热洗洗，亦是积血所致。《金匮》大黄 虫丸用水蛭、 虫，取其破坚症、下
积血耳。无实结者勿用。跌扑重伤，焙干为末，酒服二钱，接骨神效。
即蜚虻
苦微寒有毒。即啖牛血蝇，去翅足炒用。
《本经》逐瘀血，破血积坚痞症瘕寒热，通利血脉九窍。
发明 虻食血而治血，因其性而为用，肝经血分药也。《本经》治症瘕寒热，是因症瘕
而发
寒热，与蜣螂治腹胀寒热不殊。仲景抵当汤丸水蛭、虻虫虽当并用，二物之纯阴悬殊。其治
经闭用四物加蜚虻作丸服甚良。以破瘀血而不伤血也。苦走血，血结不行者，以苦攻之，其
性虽缓，亦能堕胎。
皮辛凉微毒，肉甘平无毒。捕取风干泥固， 存性用，其目赤嘴赤者有毒。一种
色青而生陂泽中者曰蛙，与此不同。
发明 蟾蜍，土之精也，习土遁者赖之，其形大而背多痱磊者是。土性浓重，其行极迟
，土生万物，亦能化万物之毒。故取以杀疳积，治鼠 阴蚀疽疠，烧灰敷恶疮并效。弘景治
温病发 困笃，用以去肠，生捣一二枚，啜其汁无不瘥者。治 犬伤，先于顶心拔去血发三
四茎，即以蟾蜍一二枚捣汁生食，小便内见沫其毒即解。又破伤风用二枚，生切如泥，入椒
一两，同酒炒热，入酒二盏乘热饮之，少顷通身汗出而愈。发背疔肿初起，以活蟾一只系定
放肿上半日，蟾必昏愦，即放水中以救其命。再换一只如前，蟾必踉跄。再易一只，其蟾如
旧，则毒散矣。其金蟾丸治肿胀腹满，并治小儿疳劳，腹大胫细，方用大蟾一只，以砂仁入
腹令满，盐泥固济， 存性，黑糖调服一二钱匕，下尽青黄积粪即愈。未尽，过二三日再服
，以腹减热除为度。若粪便不能溅注而淋漓不前者，此元气告匮，不可救也。
《神农本草经》中称为“鼠妇”，即生长在潮湿环境中的虫类。
味酸、咸，性平，无毒。
【发明】《金匮要略》治疗久疟疾时，在鳖甲煎丸中使用鼠妇，因为它能主治寒热往来并消除瘀血积块。古代方剂治疗惊痫及血分病证时多使用它，它是入厥阴肝经血分的药物。《千金方》治疗产妇遗尿，将七枚鼠妇炒熟研末，用温酒送服。痘疮出现倒靥（痘疹内陷）的情况，将其研为粉末，用酒送服一字的量即可使痘疹起发；此外还能解射干和蜘蛛的毒。
《神农本草经》中称为“地鳖”（土鳖虫）。
味咸，性寒，有毒。有的去掉足后炒用，有的用酒醉死后去足捣汁使用。
《神农本草经》主治心腹部的寒战感，以及血积形成的症瘕肿块，能破除坚硬的积聚，通下闭阻的血脉。
【发明】土鳖虫潜伏于泥土中且善于钻隙穴，伤害它也不会死，这与穿山甲（陵鲤）没有区别。因此它能治疗跌打损伤，消散阳明经的积血。《神农本草经》所说的心腹部寒战感，也是由积血引起的。《金匮要略》的大黄䗪虫丸中用水蛭和土鳖虫，是取其破除坚硬症块、下行积血的作用。体内没有实邪结聚者不要使用。对于跌打重伤，焙干后研为粉末，用酒送服二钱，接骨效果神妙。
即蜚虻（牛虻）。
味苦，性微寒，有毒。就是吸食牛血的苍蝇，去掉翅足后炒用。
《神农本草经》能驱逐瘀血，破除坚硬的痞块、症瘕及引起的寒热，通畅血脉及九窍。
【发明】虻虫以血为食而治疗血病，是利用其本性发挥作用，是入肝经血分的药物。《神农本草经》说它能治疗症瘕引起的寒热，这是因为症瘕发作导致寒热，这与屎壳郎（蜣螂）治疗腹胀引起的寒热没有不同。张仲景的抵当汤和抵当丸中水蛭与虻虫虽然应当并用，但这两种药物的纯阴性状差异悬殊。治疗经闭时，使用四物汤加入蜚虻制成丸药服用效果很好，因为它能破除瘀血而不损伤新血。苦味入血分，对于血结不通的情况，用苦味来攻逐，其药性虽然缓和，也能导致堕胎。
蟾蜍皮味辛，性凉，微毒；肉味甘，性平，无毒。捕捉后风干，用泥封固煅存性使用，其中眼睛红、嘴巴红的有毒。还有一种颜色青、生长在水泽中的叫作蛙，与此不同。
【发明】蟾蜍是土的精华，擅长遁地的生物依赖它，体型大且背部有很多疙瘩的就是蟾蜍。土的性质浓重，它的行动极其迟缓，土能生养万物，也能化解万物的毒素。因此用它来杀灭疳积，治疗鼠瘘、阴蚀、疽病和疠风，烧成灰外敷恶疮也有效。陶弘景治疗温病导致身体困倦笃重，用它去除内脏，生捣一二枚，喝它的汁液没有不痊愈的。治疗狗咬伤，先在头顶拔去三四根带血的头发，随即取一二枚蟾蜍捣汁生吃，小便中出现泡沫说明毒素已解。另外治疗破伤风用两枚，生切如泥状，加入一两花椒，同酒炒热，加入两盏酒趁热饮下，不久全身出汗即愈。发背疔肿初起时，用一只活蟾蜍固定放在肿胀上方半天，蟾蜍必定昏沉，就把它放入水中救活。再换一只照此办理，蟾蜍必定步履蹒跚。再换一只，如果蟾蜍恢复如常，则说明毒气已散。其金蟾丸治疗肿胀腹满，并治疗小儿疳劳，表现为腹部大、小腿细，方子用大蟾蜍一只，将砂仁填入腹部使其充满，用盐泥密封固济，煅存性，用黑糖调服一二钱匕，排出青黄色的积滞粪便即愈。若未排尽，过两三天再服，以腹部减小、热退为度。如果粪便不能喷射而出而是淋漓不尽的，这是元气衰竭，不可救治了。
*Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) refers to it as "Shufu" (Crab Louse), which are insects born from dampness.
Acid and salty in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
[Invention] In *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), it is used in Biejia Jian Wan (Turtle Shell Pill for Reducing Masses) to treat chronic malaria, because it governs alternating chills and fever and removes blood stasis and accumulations. Ancient formulas often used it for treating fright epilepsy and blood diseases; it is a drug entering the Jueyin (Liver) blood level. In *Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold), to treat postpartum urinary incontinence, seven Shufu are roasted, ground into powder, and taken with warm wine. For inverted acne lesions (where pustules fail to erupt or retract), powdered Shufu taken with wine in a dose of one "zi" (a small unit of measurement) causes them to rise; it also detoxifies Radix Belamcandae (Shegan) and spider venom.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* refers to it as "Dibie" (Ground Beetle).
Salty in flavor, cold in nature, toxic. It may be used after removing its legs and stir-frying, or killed by drowning in wine, then legs removed and pounded into juice.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats chilling sensations in the heart and abdomen, blood accumulations, and zheng jia (masses), breaking hardness and promoting the passage of obstructed menstruation/blood.
[Invention] The Dibie burrows in soil and excels at penetrating crevices; it survives injury, similar to the pangolin (Lingli). Thus, it can treat traumatic injuries and dissipate accumulated blood in the Yangming channel. The chilling sensations in the heart and abdomen mentioned in *Shennong Bencao Jing* are also caused by blood accumulation. In *Jingui Yaolue*, Dahuang Zhechong Wan (Rhubarb and Ground Beetle Pill for Removing Stagnation) uses Leech (Shuizhi) and Dibie to break hard masses and descend accumulated blood. It should not be used when there is no solid accumulation. For severe trauma from falls, dried and powdered Dibie taken with wine in a dose of two qian effectively promotes bone healing.
This is Feimeng (Horsefly).
Bitter in flavor, slightly cold in nature, toxic. These are flies that feed on cattle blood, used after removing wings and legs and stir-frying.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states it expels blood stasis, breaks hard痞 masses (pi), zheng jia (masses), and associated chills/fever, and unblocks the blood vessels and nine orifices.
[Invention] Meng feeds on blood to treat blood disorders, utilizing its nature for therapeutic application; it is a drug entering the Liver channel blood level. The treatment of zheng jia-induced chills and fever in *Shennong Bencao Jing* occurs because the mass itself generates chills and fever, similar to how Dung Beetle (Qiangling) treats abdominal distension-induced chills and fever. Although Leech and Meng are used together in Zhang Zhongjing's Didang Tang and Didang Wan, their pure yin natures differ significantly. For amenorrhea, taking Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) with added Feimeng as pills is very effective, as it breaks blood stasis without damaging healthy blood. Bitter flavors enter the blood; for blood结 (knotting/stagnation) that does not flow, bitter flavors attack it. Although its action is slow, it can induce abortion.
Toad skin is pungent, cool, and slightly toxic; toad meat is sweet, neutral, and non-toxic. After capture, dry in wind, seal with mud, and calcine to preserve properties. Those with red eyes and red mouths are toxic. A variety that is green and lives in marshes is called Frog (Wa), which is different.
[Invention] Toad is the essence of earth; creatures skilled in burrowing rely on it. The large ones with bumpy backs are toads. Earth has heavy properties and moves extremely slowly; since earth generates all things, it can also transform/detoxify all things. Therefore, it is used to kill ganji (childhood malnutrition/accumulation), treat shulou (scrofula), yinshi (genital ulceration), ju (carbuncles), and li (leprosy); ash applied externally is effective for malignant sores. Tao Hongjing treated severe febrile diseases causing profound fatigue by using toad intestines; pounding one or two fresh toads and drinking the juice ensures recovery. For dog bites, first pull out three or four bloody hairs from the crown of the head, then consume raw juice of one or two toads; if foam appears in urine, the toxin is resolved. For treating tetanus (broken wind disease), use two toads, slice raw into paste, add one liang of Sichuan peppercorn, stir-fry with wine, add two zhan of wine, and drink hot; profuse sweating ensues, leading to cure. For early-stage back carbuncles (Fabei), fix a live toad on the swelling for half a day until it becomes lethargic, then place it in water to save it. Replace with another toad; if it staggers, replace again; when the toad remains normal, the toxin has dispersed. Its Jinchan Wan (Golden Toad Pill) treats abdominal swelling and fullness, and pediatric ganlao (chronic wasting syndrome) characterized by a distended abdomen and thin legs. The formula uses one large toad, fills its abdomen with Amomum villosum (Sharen), seals with salt mud, calcines to preserve properties, and takes one or two qian mixed with brown sugar. Recovery occurs upon passing green/yellow stagnant feces. If incomplete, repeat after two to three days until abdominal reduction and heat elimination. If stool passes only in drops without force, this indicates exhaustion of primordial qi and is incurable.