（本经下品）
【气味】苦平，无毒。
【主治】主咳逆上气，喉痹咽痛，不得消息，散结气，腹中邪逆，食饮大热。
【核】曰∶出南阳山谷，及田野间。今在处皆有，园圃庭台多种之。冬至后宿根生芽，
至二三月始抽苗，高二三尺，近根之茎，有节若竹。离根三四寸，横铺翠叶，狭长疏整，宛
如翅羽，故名乌 ，又名凤翼。六七月叶中抽茎似萱而强硬，出淡红萼，开红赭花，亦有蜜
色者，瓣有细文，间黄紫黑斑点。次蚤互相交纽如结，结落作房，中子黑褐。另有一种，名
鸢尾者，叶阔而短，根密而稠。花小者，即蝴蝶草；花大色紫者，即紫罗兰。俱春末作花，
与射干迥别也。修事，以米泔水浸一宿，取出，再同 竹叶煮之，从午至亥，日干用。
【 】曰∶冬至射干生，为阳气始生，律名射出也。药对云∶立春射干、木兰先生。为
柴胡、半夏使，合入足少阴、少阳，枢机之气分药也。故主咳逆上气，喉痹咽痛，及不得消
息，此少阴不能转阖与开也。主结气腹中邪逆，及食饮大热，此少阳不能转开与阖也。但气
味苦平，君相二火为化者，莫不相宜，以苦待化，以平从枢故也。
（立春射干先生，为柴胡、半夏使，谓柴胡生当冬半，半夏生当夏半，咸从枢象，以从
其类，但射干为始生之首，易于兴起而为介绍。）
（少阴枢化曰君火，少阳枢化曰相火，平固从枢，苦则待化。）
【本经下品】
【气味】味苦，性平，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗咳嗽气逆，喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞），咽痛，呼吸不畅，消散结聚之气，腹中邪气逆乱，以及饮食积热。
【核】曰：射干产于南阳的山谷及田野间。如今到处都有，园林、庭院中多种植它。冬至后宿根生出芽，到二三月才开始抽苗，高二三尺，靠近根部的茎，有节像竹子一样。距离根部三四寸处，横向铺展翠绿的叶子，狭长疏整，宛如翅膀羽毛，所以名叫乌鸢（注：原文“乌 ”应为“乌鸢”或类似别名，此处依文意译为鸟翼状），又名凤翼。六七月间叶中抽出花茎，形状像萱草但更坚硬，开出淡红色的花萼，绽放红赭色的花朵，也有蜜色的，花瓣上有细纹，夹杂着黄、紫、黑斑点。花蕊次早互相交纽如同打结，结落后结成房状果实，里面的种子是黑褐色的。另有一种，名叫鸢尾的，叶子宽阔而短，根系密集而稠密。花小的，就是蝴蝶草；花大色紫的，就是紫罗兰。都在春末开花，与射干截然不同。炮制加工时，用米泔水浸泡一夜，取出，再同竹叶一起煮，从午时煮到亥时，晒干后使用。
【 】曰：冬至时射干发芽生长，象征阳气开始生发，律吕名称为“射出”。《药对》说：“立春时射干、木兰先生先出。”作为柴胡、半夏的使药，配合进入足少阴、足少阳经，属于枢机之气分的药物。所以主治咳嗽气逆，喉痹咽痛，以及呼吸不畅，这是少阴经不能正常转阖与开合所致。主治结聚之气、腹中邪气逆乱，以及饮食积热，这是少阳经不能正常转开与阖所致。只是其气味苦平，君火和相火化生的药物，没有不适宜的，因为以苦味等待化生，以平性顺从枢机之故。
（立春时射干先生，作为柴胡、半夏的使药，意思是柴胡生于冬半，半夏生于夏半，都遵循枢象，以同类相从，但射干是始生之首，易于兴起而作为介绍。）
（少阴枢机化生称为君火，少阳枢机化生称为相火，平性固然是顺从枢机，苦味则是为了等待化生。）
[Lower Grade of the Classic of Materia Medica]
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi (Ke Ni Shang Qi), throat obstruction (Hou Bi) and sore throat, inability to breathe freely, dissipates stagnant Qi, rebellious pathogenic Qi in the abdomen, and excessive heat from food and drink.
[Analysis] It is stated: Grows in valleys and fields of Nanyang. Now it is found everywhere, and widely planted in gardens and courtyards. After the Winter Solstice, the perennial roots sprout buds; by the second or third lunar month, shoots emerge. The plant grows two to three chi high. The stems near the root have nodes resembling bamboo. About three or four cun away from the root, emerald leaves spread horizontally, narrow and long, sparse and neat, resembling wing feathers, hence named "Wu Yuan" (Crow Kite/Violet), also known as "Feng Yi" (Phoenix Wings). In the sixth or seventh lunar months, flower stalks emerge from among the leaves, resembling Daylily but stiffer. Pale red calyces appear, opening into red-ochre flowers, some honey-colored, with fine patterns on petals interspersed with yellow, purple, and black spots. The stamens and pistils interlock early like knots; after falling, they form capsule-like fruits containing black-brown seeds. There is another variety named Iris (Yuan Wei), with broad and short leaves, and dense, thick roots. The one with small flowers is Butterfly Grass; the one with large purple flowers is Violet. All bloom in late spring, distinctly different from Belamcanda chinensis (Shegan). For processing, soak in rice washing water overnight, take out, then boil together with Bamboo Leaves (Zhuye) from Wu hour (11 am-1 pm) to Hai hour (9 pm-11 pm), dry in the sun for use.
[Commentary] It is said: At the Winter Solstice, Belamcanda chinensis (Shegan) sprouts, symbolizing the beginning of Yang Qi generation, corresponding to the pitch-pipe name "She Chu" (Emitting Out). *Yao Dui* states: "At Spring Equinox, Belamcanda chinensis (Shegan) and Magnolia officinalis (Mulan) arise first." As an envoy herb for Bupleurum root (Chaihu) and Pinellia tuber (Banxia), it enters the Foot Shaoyin and Foot Shaoyang meridians, belonging to herbs that regulate the pivot mechanism Qi aspect. Therefore, it treats cough with rebellious Qi, throat obstruction and sore throat, and breathing difficulty, which are caused by the Shaoyin's inability to properly close and open. It treats stagnant Qi and rebellious pathogenic Qi in the abdomen, and excessive heat from food and drink, which are caused by the Shaoyang's inability to properly open and close. Its flavor is bitter and nature neutral. Herbs transformed by Ministerial Fire and Sovereign Fire are all suitable, because bitterness awaits transformation, and neutrality follows the pivot.
(At Spring Equinox, Belamcanda chinensis (Shegan) arises first, serving as an envoy for Chaihu and Banxia. This means Chaihu arises in mid-winter, Banxia in mid-summer, both following the pivot image to align with their kind. However, Shegan is the first to arise, easily initiating growth and serving as a guide.)
(The pivot transformation of Shaoyin is called Sovereign Fire; the pivot transformation of Shaoyang is called Ministerial Fire. Neutrality naturally follows the pivot, while bitterness serves to await transformation.)