（本经中品）
自下而上曰竖穷，从内而外曰横遍。
【气味】甘苦温，有小毒。
【主治】主咳逆上气，雷鸣，喉痹，下气，产乳，金疮，寒心，奔豚。
【核】曰∶诸杏叶皆圆而端有尖，二三月开淡红色花，妖娆艳丽，比桃花伯仲间，亦可
爱也。故骚人咏物，与梅并言，则曰梅杏，盖取其叶之似也。与桃并言，则曰桃杏，盖取其
花之近也。有叶多者，黄花者，千瓣者。单瓣者结实，实甘而沙曰沙杏，黄而酢曰梅杏，青
而黄曰柰杏。金杏大如梨，黄如橘。西京杂记载∶蓬莱杏花五色。北方有肉杏，赤大而扁曰
金刚拳。有曰杏熟时色青白，入药宜山杏，收取仁用。修治，以沸汤浸去皮尖，每斤用白火
石一斤，黑豆三合，以东流水同煮，从巳至午，漉出，劈开如金色，晒干乃用。得火良。恶
黄芩、黄 、葛根。畏 草。
【 】曰∶枝叶华实皆赤，肉理络脉如营，气味苦温，诚心之果，具心之体与用者。仁
则包蕴全体，窦发端倪，枢机颇锐，偏心之用与气者。咳逆上气，雷鸣喉痹，寒心奔豚，此
一唯从升，不能从出，正回则不转矣。杏仁窦发横遍之机，使竖穷者，随玉衡以为旋转，正
神转不回，乃得其机矣。咳逆上气，息若雷鸣，以及喉痹，谓心之火用不及亦可；谓客淫外
束亦可；谓客淫外束，致心之火用不及亦可；谓心之火用不及，致客淫外束亦可；寒心奔豚，
谓心之火体不及亦可；谓心之火用不及亦可；谓心之火用不及，致心之火体不及亦可；谓心
之火体不及，致心之火用不及亦可；盖火爰物以显用，即用以显体故也。奔豚者肾之积，上
逆奔心，缘火位之下，水气承之，火不及，则承乃亢，亢则害矣。与妄汗致承者不同类，妄
汗则出有余，此则升太过。下气者，转竖穷与横遍，下非降也，降则涉金，非火令矣。产乳
固属甲拆，而解孚全仗横遍，横遍始甲拆耳。金刃成疮，此肉理断绝，络脉不营，杏以脉胜，
仍
（欲尽物性，先察物情。如桃为肺果，肺主毛，桃有毛，专精于毛矣。杏与心果，心主
脉，杏有脉，专精于脉矣。顾精之所专，即情之所钟，情之所钟，即性之所生。人苦不知性
耳，能尽一物之性，即能达万物之情。欲尽一物之性者，亦若物性之精有所专，靡不见性矣。）
【《神农本草经》列为中品药物】
从下向上贯穿称为“竖穷”，从内向外扩展称为“横遍”。
【气味】味甘、苦，性温，有小毒。
【主治功效】主要治疗咳嗽气逆、肠鸣音重、喉部闭塞不通（喉痹）、降气、产后乳汁相关病症、金创（金属利器造成的创伤）、寒心症、奔豚病。
【核】注释说：各种杏树的叶子都是圆形且顶端尖锐，二三月间开出淡红色的花，姿态妖娆艳丽，与桃花不相上下，也是令人喜爱的。所以文人墨客咏物时，常将梅与杏并提，称为“梅杏”，大概是取其叶形相似；将桃与杏并提，称为“桃杏”，大概是取其花色相近。杏树中有叶片较多的，有开黄花的，有千瓣重瓣的。单瓣的结实，果实甘甜且果肉沙软的叫“沙杏”，味道酸黄的叫“梅杏”，青色偏黄的叫“柰杏”。金杏大如梨，颜色黄如橘。《西京杂记》记载：蓬莱山的杏花有五种颜色。北方有一种肉杏，红色大而扁的叫“金刚拳”。有人说杏成熟时颜色青白，入药适宜选用山杏，收取其果仁使用。炮制方法：用沸水浸泡去皮和尖，每斤杏仁用白火石一斤、黑豆三合，用东流水共同煮制，从巳时到午时，捞出后劈开呈现金色，晒干后使用。用火炒制效果良好。畏忌黄芩、黄[此处原文缺字，通常指黄芪或黄柏等，依上下文保留原貌]、葛根。畏惧[此处原文缺字，通常为某草名]草。
【注】注释说：杏树的枝叶花果皆呈红色，肉质纹理脉络如同营血，气味苦温，是诚心之果，具备心的形体与作用。杏仁则包裹蕴藏全体，孔窍发出端倪，枢机颇为锐利，偏心之用与气的作用。咳嗽气逆、肠鸣如雷、喉痹、寒心、奔豚，这些病症全都是只有上升之气，不能外出宣泄，正气回转而不运转了。杏仁具有开启“横遍”机理的作用，使“竖穷”之气，随着玉衡星（北斗七星）的指引而旋转，正是神机转动而不回返，才得其机理。咳嗽气逆，呼吸声像雷鸣一样，以及喉痹，可以说这是因为心的火性功能不足；也可以说是因为外邪束缚；可以说是因为外邪束缚，导致心的火性功能不足；也可以说是因为心的火性功能不足，导致外邪束缚；寒心奔豚，可以说这是心的火之形体不足；也可以说是心的火之功能不足；可以说因为心的火之功能不足，导致心的火之形体不足；也可以说是因为心的火之形体不足，导致心的火之功能不足。大概是因为火喜爱通过万物来显现其作用，即通过作用来显现其形体。奔豚病是肾的积气，向上逆行冲击心脏，原因在于火位之下，水气承接它，火气不足，则承接之气就会亢盛，亢盛就会造成危害。这与误用发汗法导致水气承接的情况不同类，误用发汗法是排出有余之气，这里则是上升太过。降气，是指转化竖穷与横遍之气，这里的“下”不是下降的意思，如果是下降则涉及金性，不符合火的时令特性。产乳确实属于甲拆（比喻初生、破壳），但解除孚全（比喻滋养、保全）全靠横遍，有了横遍才有甲拆。金属利器造成的创伤，这是肉质纹理断绝，络脉无法营运，杏以通脉见长，仍然（想要穷尽物的本性，先要观察物的情态。比如桃是肺之果，肺主皮毛，桃有毛，专精于毛。杏是心之果，心主血脉，杏有脉，专精于脉。然而专精之处，即是钟情所在；钟情所在，即是本性所生。人苦于不知本性，如果能穷尽一物的本性，就能通达万物的情态。想要穷尽一物的本性，也像物的精粹有所专攻，没有不显现本性的。）
[Classified as Middle Grade in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica)]
Vertical penetration from bottom to top is termed "Shu Qiong" (Vertical Exhaustion), while horizontal extension from inside to outside is termed "Heng Bian" (Horizontal Pervasiveness).
【Flavor and Nature】Sweet, bitter, warm; slightly toxic.
【Indications】Primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi (Ke Ni Shang Qi), loud borborygmus (Lei Ming), throat obstruction (Hou Bi), descending Qi, postpartum lactation disorders, metal wounds (Jin Chuang), cold heart syndrome (Han Xin), and奔豚 disease (Ben Tun).
【Commentary on the Kernel】It is said: The leaves of all apricot trees are round with pointed tips. In the second and third lunar months, they bloom with pale red flowers, charming and beautiful, comparable to peach blossoms, making them also lovely. Therefore, poets often mention plum and apricot together as "Mei Xing," likely due to the similarity of their leaves; or peach and apricot as "Tao Xing," likely due to the proximity of their flower colors. There are varieties with many leaves, yellow flowers, or double petals. Single-petal varieties bear fruit; sweet and sandy-fleshed ones are called "Sha Xing" (Sandy Apricot); sour and yellow ones are called "Mei Xing" (Plum Apricot); greenish-yellow ones are called "Nai Xing." Jin Xing (Golden Apricot) is as large as a pear and yellow like an orange. *Xijing Zaji* (Miscellaneous Records of the Western Capital) records that apricot flowers in Penglai come in five colors. In the north, there is a meat apricot, red, large, and flat, called "Jin Gang Quan" (Diamond Fist). Some say that when apricots ripen, if the color is cyan-white, mountain apricots are suitable for medicinal use, and only the kernels should be collected. Processing method: Soak in boiling water to remove the skin and tips. For every jin (approx. 500g) of apricot kernels, boil together with one jin of Bai Huo Shi (White Fire Stone) and three he of black beans in flowing water from the east. Cook from Si hour (9-11 AM) to Wu hour (11 AM-1 PM), strain out, split open until golden-colored, dry in the sun, and then use. Stir-frying enhances its efficacy. It is incompatible with Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Huang [missing character], and Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix). It fears [missing character] Cao.
【Commentary】It is said: The branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits of the apricot tree are all red. The flesh texture and collaterals resemble Ying Blood (Nutritive Blood). Its flavor is bitter and warm. It is the fruit of Sincerity, possessing both the form and function of the Heart. The kernel contains the whole body, with pores revealing beginnings, and the pivot mechanism being quite sharp, relating to the biased use and Qi of the Heart. Cough with rebellious Qi, borborygmus like thunder, throat obstruction, cold heart, and Ben Tun disease—all these conditions involve Qi rising only without exiting, where the normal rotation fails. The apricot kernel activates the mechanism of "Heng Bian" (Horizontal Pervasiveness), allowing "Shu Qiong" (Vertical Exhaustion) to rotate following the Jade Balance (Big Dipper). This represents the divine pivot turning without returning, thus grasping the mechanism. Regarding cough with rebellious Qi, breath sounding like thunder, and throat obstruction: this can be attributed to insufficient Fire Function of the Heart; or to external pathogenic constraints; or that external constraints cause insufficient Fire Function of the Heart; or that insufficient Fire Function of the Heart leads to external constraints. Regarding cold heart and Ben Tun disease: this can be attributed to insufficient Fire Substance of the Heart; or insufficient Fire Function of the Heart; or that insufficient Fire Function leads to insufficient Fire Substance; or that insufficient Fire Substance leads to insufficient Fire Function. Generally, Fire loves to manifest its function through things, thereby manifesting its substance through function. Ben Tun disease is an accumulation of the Kidney, rushing upward to attack the Heart. This occurs because below the position of Fire, Water Qi supports it. If Fire is insufficient, the supporting Qi becomes hyperactive, causing harm. This differs from cases caused by erroneous sweating which leads to supportive Qi imbalance; erroneous sweating expels excess Qi, whereas here, rising is excessive. Descending Qi refers to transforming vertical exhaustion and horizontal pervasiveness; "descending" here does not mean lowering, as lowering involves Metal nature, which contradicts the command of Fire. Postpartum lactation belongs to Jia Zhe (breaking shells/birth), but resolving Fu Quan (nurturing/completeness) relies entirely on Heng Bian; only with Heng Bian can Jia Zhe occur. Metal blade wounds involve severed flesh texture and un-nourished collaterals. Apricot excels in treating collaterals, still... (To fully understand the nature of a substance, one must first observe its characteristics. For example, Peach is the fruit of the Lung; the Lung governs hair/skin; peaches have fuzz, specializing in hair. Apricot is the fruit of the Heart; the Heart governs vessels; apricots have veins, specializing in vessels. However, what is specialized is where affection lies; where affection lies is where nature arises. Humans suffer from not knowing nature. If one can exhaust the nature of one thing, one can understand the characteristics of all things. To exhaust the nature of one thing is like the essence of a thing having a specific focus; nothing will fail to reveal its nature.)