（本经上品）
【气味】苦，微寒，无毒。
【主治】主血结，惊气，除寒热，补中，益肺气。
【核】曰∶出淄、齐、潞、随、江、淮、荆、湖州郡沙碛中。二月生苗，初生如小葵叶，
圆扁不光。八、九月抽茎，茎端叶尖长，如枸杞，边有细齿。叶间开小花五出，色紫，长如
铃铎，结实如冬青，实中有细子。霜后苗枯，根长尺许，若黄土地中者，根则短小。根茎俱
有白汁如乳，故一名羊乳、羊婆奶。根干时，宛似人参，中黄外白，世所用者皆伪，不知为
何许物，食之反损肺气。恶防己，反藜芦。
先人云∶色白而乳，肺金之津液药也。故又得知母志取苦心之名。
【 】曰∶乐树沙碛而气疏，质本秋成而性洁。参容平之金令，转炎敲为清肃者也。故
可汰除肺眚，因热伤气分，为洒淅寒热，及藏真失行营卫阴阳，致气不 ，血不濡，与惊气
上逆，不能 之使下者，功用颇捷。
（本经上品）
【气味】苦温，无毒。
【主治】主风寒湿痹，死肌痉疸，止汗，除热消食，作煎饵。久服轻身，延年不饥。
【核】曰∶出嵩山、茅山者良。杭、越、舒、宣诸州亦有。唯湖州、津山者最佳，多生
高冈上。叶颇大，叶叶相对，
方茎有毛，茎端有花，有紫碧红色，根岐生，紫色块大者为胜。
或大如指如拳，或至数斤者。剖暴，谓之片术。尔雅疏云∶生山中者，曰山蓟，曰白术。平
地者，曰蓟，曰赤术。赤者苗高二三尺，叶亦抱茎，梢间叶略似棠梨，脚下叶各有叉，三五
出，边作锯齿，及小刺，根如人指，及老姜状，色黑褐，而气味辛烈。古人用术不分赤白，
自宋人始指赤术曰苍术，但气味有和暴之殊，则施治亦有缓急阴阳之别。修治白术，人乳润
之，制其性也。亦取易入阳明，阳明燥金，从乎中治太阴之湿化故也。若疗脾疾，先用米泔
浸透，次以山黄土拌蒸九次，晒九次，窃土气以助脾，及宣胃府酝酿敷布之用耳。赤术亦
用米泔浸透，更以陈壁土水，浸润一二日，取出，去皮，晒干，切片，每术四两，先用脂麻
六两，微火拌炒，以濡其燥，缓其暴。更用粳米糠衣四两，微火拌炒，则不染湿作霉矣。忌
桃李，及松菜、雀肉、青鱼、蛤蜊。
先人云∶术字从木，别名多山，行脾土用，曰木，曰肝。又云∶死肌，脾体不灵，黄瘅
脾色外见，肢痉脾用不行，食停脾气不转，不饥脾精自固矣。
【 】曰∶术从木，观叶叶相对，抱茎生，俨似木字。茎方，叶附四旁，合土大寄旺四
季，当判脾之肝药用药也。又可判肝之脾药父药也。以木必基土，吮拔水液，方条达发生。
故以木为母，土为父耳。风寒湿合成痹者，此先因于风，寒湿后之。风为百病长故也。痹则
闭塞不通，故死肌痉疸。死肌者，土顽颓。痉者，土震动；而疸者，土色见也。缘土无用神，
受
饮食停积。术行土用，大土力，妄泄者既已归源，疏漏者宁不固密。如是火热顿消，凉生风
畅，酝酿宣布，脾土展舒矣。
（既药有雌雄子母兄弟，则水土之抽为草木，宜哉水母而土父矣。
土为水之堤防，有知之者，饮食之仗风力，以为酝酿宣布，人所未知。须解一藏具五藏
用者始得。）
（《神农本草经》上品）
【气味】味苦，性微寒，无毒。
【主治】主治血瘀结滞，惊悸之气，去除寒热症状，补益中气，增益肺气。
【考证】曰：产于淄州、齐州、潞州、随州、江州、淮州、荆州、湖州等地的沙石地中。二月生苗，初生时像小葵菜的叶子，圆形扁平且不光滑。八月、九月抽茎，茎端的叶子尖长，像枸杞叶，边缘有细锯齿。叶间开出五瓣小花，颜色紫红，花形如铃铛，结出的果实像冬青树，果实中有细小的种子。霜降后地上部分枯萎，根长约一尺左右，如果在黄土地中生长，根则短小。根和茎都有白色的乳汁像牛奶一样，所以又名羊乳、羊婆奶。根部干燥后，形状宛然像人参，中间黄色外部白色，世间所用的多是伪品，不知是什么东西，吃了反而损伤肺气。畏忌防己，反藜芦。
先父说：色白且含乳汁，是肺金之津液的药物。因此又得知母草取用其苦心之名（指知母与沙参配伍或性质相似之意）。
【按语】曰：乐于生长在沙石之地而气机疏泄，质地本于秋季成熟而性质洁净。参合平定的金令（秋季肃杀之气），将炎热敲击转化为清肃之气。因此可以清除肺部的病患，因热邪伤及气分，导致战栗寒热，以及脏腑真气失行，营卫阴阳失调，致使气不运行，血不濡润，与惊气上逆，不能使之下降的情况，功效颇为敏捷。
（《神农本草经》上品）
【气味】味苦，性温，无毒。
【主治】主治风寒湿痹症，肌肉坏死、痉挛、黄疸，止汗，除热消食，制作成煎剂或饵剂。长期服用可轻身延年，不感饥饿。
【考证】曰：产于嵩山、茅山的品质优良。杭州、越州、舒州、宣州等地也有出产。只有湖州、津山产的最好，多生长在高冈之上。叶子颇大，叶片相对而生，茎方形且有毛，茎端有花，花色有紫、碧、红等色，根部分歧生长，紫色块大的为优。有的大如手指或拳头，有的重达数斤。剖开暴晒的，称为片术。《尔雅·疏》说：生长在山中的，叫山蓟，叫白术。生长在平地的，叫蓟，叫赤术。赤术苗高二三尺，叶子也抱茎生长，梢间的叶子略像棠梨叶，脚下的叶子各有分叉，三五出，边缘呈锯齿状及小刺，根像人手指及老姜的形状，颜色黑褐色，气味辛烈。古人使用术不分赤白，自宋代开始指赤术为苍术，但气味有平和与猛烈之别，则治疗也有缓急阴阳的不同。修治白术，用人乳润湿它，以制约其药性。也是取其容易进入阳明经，阳明燥金，从乎中治太阴湿化的缘故。如果治疗脾疾，先用米泔水浸透，再用山黄土拌蒸九次，晒九次，窃取土气以助脾气，以及宣发胃腑酝酿敷布的作用罢了。赤术也用米泔水浸透，再用陈壁土的水浸润一两天，取出，去皮，晒干，切片，每四两术，先用六两芝麻，用微火拌炒，以湿润其燥性，缓和其暴烈。再用四两粳米糠衣，用微火拌炒，就不会沾染湿气发霉了。忌食桃李，以及松菜、雀肉、青鱼、蛤蜊。
先父说：术字从木，别名多带山字，行于脾土之用，名为木，名为肝。又说：死肌，是脾体不灵便；黄瘅，是脾色外现；肢痉，是脾用不行；食停，是脾气不运转；不饥，是脾精自固。
【按语】曰：术从木，观察其叶叶相对，抱茎而生，俨然像“木”字。茎方，叶附着四周，合土气大旺于四季，应当判断为脾的肝药用药。也可以判断为肝的脾药父药。因为木必须基于土，吮拔水液，才能条达发生。所以以木为母，以土为父。风寒湿合成痹症的，这是因为先受风邪，寒湿随后侵袭。风为百病之长故也。痹症则闭塞不通，所以出现死肌、痉挛、黄疸。死肌，是土顽颓；痉挛，是土震动；而黄疸，是土色显现。因为土没有神用，受饮食停积。术行土用，大力振奋土气，妄泄者既已归源，疏漏者岂不固密。这样火热顿时消除，凉生风畅，酝酿宣布，脾土舒展了。
（既然药物有雌雄子母兄弟之分，那么水土抽取化为草木，适宜水为母而土为父了。土是水之堤防，有知之者，饮食凭借风力，以为酝酿宣布，这是人所不知道的。须理解一脏具备五脏之用才能得到真谛。）
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Upper Grade)
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Mainly treats blood stasis (Blood Stasis), qi of fright (Qi of Fright), eliminates chills and fever, tonifies the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner), and benefits Lung Qi (Lung Qi).
[Verification] It is said: Grows in sandy areas of Zizhou, Qizhou, Luzhou, Suizhou, Jiangzhou, Huaizhou, Jingzhou, and Huzhou. Seedlings emerge in February, initially resembling small hibiscus leaves, round, flat, and not smooth. In August and September, stems shoot up; the leaves at the stem tips are long and pointed, resembling Lycium barbarum (Goji berry) leaves, with fine serrations on the edges. Small five-petaled flowers bloom between the leaves, purple in color, bell-shaped like bells. The fruit resembles Ilex cornuta (Holly), containing fine seeds inside. After frost, the aerial parts wither; the root is about one chi long. If grown in yellow soil, the root is shorter and smaller. Both root and stem exude a white milky juice, hence also named Yangru (Sheep's Milk) and Yangponai (Sheep Mother's Milk). When dried, the root resembles Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), yellow inside and white outside. What is commonly used in the world today is mostly counterfeit, of unknown origin, and eating it actually damages Lung Qi (Lung Qi). It is incompatible with Stephania Tetrandra (Fangji) and opposes Veratrum nigrum (Lilu).
My late father said: White in color and containing milk, it is a medicine for the fluid essence of Metal of the Lung (Lung Metal). Thus, it is known that Mother-of-Two-Seasons (Zhimu) takes its bitter heart name.
[Commentary] It is said: Joyfully growing in sandy deserts, its qi is dispersing; originally maturing in autumn, its nature is pure. It accommodates the peaceful metal command (Autumnal肃杀 Qi), transforming heat and agitation into clarity and solemnity. Therefore, it can eliminate lung diseases caused by heat injuring the Qi level, leading to shivering chills and fevers, and where the Zhen Qi (True Qi) of the viscera fails to function, causing disharmony of Ying and Wei (Defensive and Nutritive Qi) and Yin and Yang, resulting in stagnant Qi and unmoistened Blood (Blood), as well as rebellious Qi of fright that cannot descend. Its efficacy is quite swift.
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Upper Grade)
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Mainly treats Bi syndrome (Bi Syndrome) due to wind-cold-dampness, necrotic muscle, spasms, and jaundice; stops sweating; clears heat and aids digestion; made into decoctions or pills. Long-term use lightens the body, extends life, and prevents hunger.
[Verification] It is said: Those from Mount Song and Mount Mao are of good quality. Hangzhou, Yuezhou, Shuzhou, and Xuanzhou also produce it. Only those from Huzhou and Jinshan are best, mostly growing on high ridges. Leaves are rather large, opposite each other. Stems are square and hairy, with flowers at the tips, colored purple, green, or red. Roots branch out; large, purple chunks are superior. Some are as large as fingers or fists, others weighing several jin. Sliced and sun-dried, they are called Pianzhu. The commentary on Erya states: Those growing in mountains are called Shanji and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma). Those growing on flat land are called Ji and Chizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma). Chizhu has seedlings two to three chi high, leaves embracing the stem, upper leaves resembling Pyrus betulaefolia (Pear) leaves, lower leaves with lobes, 3-5 divisions, edges serrated with small thorns. Roots resemble human fingers or old ginger, blackish-brown, with a pungent and strong aroma. Ancients did not distinguish between red and white Zhu; since the Song Dynasty, Chizhu was referred to as Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma). However, their flavors differ in mildness and intensity, so treatments vary in speed and yin-yang nature. To process Baizhu, moisten it with human milk to restrain its nature. This also facilitates entry into the Yangming channel, as Yangming Dry Metal treats Taoyin Damp Transformation from within. If treating Spleen diseases, first soak thoroughly in rice wash water, then steam nine times mixed with mountain yellow earth, and dry nine times, borrowing Earth Qi to assist Spleen Qi, and to promote the stomach's fermentation and distribution functions. Chizhu is also soaked in rice wash water, then immersed for one to two days in water from old wall earth, taken out, peeled, dried, and sliced. For every four liang of Zhu, stir-fry with six liang of sesame seeds over low heat to moisten its dryness and缓和 its violence. Then stir-fry with four liang of rice bran husks over low heat to prevent moisture absorption and moldiness. Avoid peaches, plums, pine vegetables, sparrow meat, green fish, and clams.
My late father said: The character Zhu contains Wood, and many aliases contain Mountain. It acts on Spleen Earth, named Wood, named Liver. He also said: Necrotic muscle indicates Spleen body is not agile; Jaundice shows Spleen color externally; Limb spasms indicate Spleen function does not operate; Food stagnation means Spleen Qi does not rotate; Lack of hunger means Spleen Essence is self-consolidated.
[Commentary] It is said: Zhu derives from Wood. Observing leaves opposite each other, embracing the stem, it looks exactly like the character "Wood". Square stems, leaves attached to four sides, combining with Earth Qi flourishing in all four seasons, it should be judged as a Liver medicine for the Spleen. It can also be judged as a Father medicine for the Liver from the Spleen. Because Wood must be based on Earth, sucking and drawing liquid fluids, it can then flourish and generate. Thus, Wood is the mother, and Earth is the father. Bi syndrome formed by wind, cold, and dampness occurs because Wind attacks first, followed by Cold and Dampness. Wind is the leader of a hundred diseases. Bi syndrome causes blockage and obstruction, leading to necrotic muscle, spasms, and jaundice. Necrotic muscle is Earth's stubborn decay; Spasms are Earth's trembling; Jaundice is Earth's color appearing. Because Earth lacks divine usage, it suffers from food accumulation. Zhu acts on Earth's function, greatly strengthening Earth power. Those who leaked excessively have returned to the source; those who were loose will surely become secure. Thus, fire and heat instantly disappear, coolness arises, wind flows smoothly, fermentation and distribution occur, and Spleen Earth expands and relaxes.
(Since medicines have male/female, son/mother, brother relationships, it is fitting that Water extracts from Earth to form Grass and Trees, making Water the mother and Earth the father. Earth is the dike of Water. Those who know this understand that food relies on Wind Power for fermentation and distribution, which people do not know. One must understand that one Zang possesses the functions of five Zangs to grasp this truth.)