（本经上品）
【气味】甘温，无毒。
【主治】主大风，头眩痛恶风，风邪目盲无所见，风行周身，骨节疼痹，烦满。久服轻
身。
【核】曰∶出齐州龙山者最胜，青、兖、淄州者亦佳。二月生芽，红紫色，作茹柔嫩爽
口。三月茎叶转青，茎深叶淡，似青蒿而短小。五月开花，似莳萝花而色白，攒簇作房，似
胡荽子而稍大。九月采根，似葵根而黄色。一种石防风，生山石间，叶青花白，根似蒿根而
粗丑。修治，去叉头叉尾，及枯黑者。叉头令人发狂，叉尾发人痼疾也。制黄 。畏萆 。
杀附子毒。恶藜芦、白敛、干姜、芫花。得葱白，能行周身；得泽泻、 本，能疗风；得当
归、芍药、阳起石、禹余粮，疗妇人子藏风。
先人云∶四大中风力最胜，执持世界，罅无不入。设人身腠理疏泄，则生气有所不卫，
风斯入焉。故欲防御障蔽者，匪通天之生气勿克也。防风黄中通理，鼓水谷之精，以防贼风
之来，命名者以此。又云∶身本四大合成，以动摇为风，则凡身中宜动处不动，即是风大不
及，宜动处太动，即是风大太过。防风甘温辛发，中通濡润，匀而平之。无过不及，此防风
功用。又云，卫我用我，匀气以芳。
【 】曰∶动摇飘拉，风木之本性也。土失留碍，致风木变眚，亦有风木变眚，致土失
留碍者。如风在头则掉眩，在目则瞀盲，在骨节则疼烦。而疼烦、瞀盲、掉眩，政风木动摇
飘拉之性耳。风行周身，亦善行数变之用也。臭味甘芳，黄中通理，敦九土之精，以防八风
之侮。彼以巽入，我以艮止，在土转而为吐生，在木不得不转为戴土而出矣。
（功能敦土德用，以防风木之相乘，设风木已乘土大，宁不戴负地土而出，然则驱风木
之外侮，即所以行土大之德用，以土大失体与用，乃致风木之相乘耳。释名云∶上者，吐也，
能
（生气通天论，指卫气曰生气，又喻卫气曰阳气，若天与日，失其所，则折寿而不彰，
此寿命之本也。
防风质黄，具中土之色。甘温，专中土之味。盖土德惟馨，芳香充达，拒诸邪臭，故头
目身首有风，尚未入脏者，能从中拒撤之。若防己，则苦辛主泄，治证亦不相同。防风如任
德以御外侮之寇，防己如借权以清君侧之奸。然因名思义，其曰防己，固为可以自卫，亦并
此本身是应防之物。盖治世之能臣，乱世之奸雄也。故本经一入上品，一入中品。
惟得土升阳之气，能化土重滞之形，风大持土，视大地如鸿毛，身轻以此。）
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】主治大风邪气，头部眩晕疼痛、怕风，风邪导致的目盲视物不清，风邪流行于周身，骨节疼痛痹阻，烦闷胀满。长期服用可使人身体轻健。
【考证】曰：出产在齐州龙山的最为优良，青州、兖州、淄州出产的也不错。二月生芽，呈红紫色，作为蔬菜食用柔嫩爽口。三月茎叶转青，茎色深而叶色淡，形状像青蒿但更短小。五月开花，花形像莳萝花但颜色洁白，花朵簇拥成房状，种子像胡荽子但稍大一些。九月采挖根部，形状像葵菜根但呈黄色。有一种石防风，生长在岩石之间，叶子青色，花朵白色，根部像蒿根但粗糙丑陋。炮制时，需去除分叉的头和尾，以及枯黑部分。分叉的头会令人发狂，分叉的尾会诱发顽固疾病。经过黄米拌炒处理。害怕萆薢。能解除附子的毒性。厌恶藜芦、白敛、干姜、芫花。与葱白同用，能通行周身；与泽泻、藁本同用，能治疗风疾；与当归、芍药、阳起石、禹余粮同用，能治疗妇人子宫受风之症。
先父曾说：在“四大”（地、水、火、风）中，风的威力最强，它执掌并维持着世界的运行，没有缝隙不进入。如果人体的腠理（皮肤毛孔及肌肉纹理）疏泄不固，那么生气（此处指卫气，即保卫身体的阳气）就无法有效护卫，风邪就会由此侵入。所以想要防御遮蔽风邪的，非通达天地的生气不可。防风的黄色中通理顺，能鼓动水谷的精微之气，以防范贼风来袭，命名者正是基于此意。又说：身体本由四大合成，以动摇为风的特性，那么凡是身体中应该动的地方不动，就是风大不足；应该动的地方动得太厉害，就是风大太过。防风味甘、性温、味辛能发散，内部通畅且濡润，能够均匀平和地调节这种状态。不过度也无不足，这就是防风的作用。又说，卫护我用我自身之力，通过芳香之气来调和气机。
【注释】曰：动摇飘摇，是风木的本性。土失去留滞阻碍的能力，导致风木发生病变；也有风木发生病变，导致土失去留滞阻碍能力的情况。如风邪在头部则出现掉眩（头晕目眩），在眼睛则出现瞀盲（视物模糊或失明），在骨节则出现疼痛烦扰。而疼痛烦扰、视物模糊、头晕目眩，正是风木动摇飘摇特性的表现。风邪流行于周身，也是其善行数变作用的体现。气味甘芳，黄色中通理顺，厚积九土的精华，以防范八风的侵犯。对方以巽卦（风）之势侵入，我以艮卦（山/止）之势阻挡，在土转化为吐生（生长化育），在木不得不转为背负大地而出。
（功能在于敦厚土的德用，以防备风木的相乘克制。假设风木已经乘袭土大，难道不是背负着地土而出吗？既然如此，驱除风木的外侮，也就是行使土大的德用。因为土大失去了体与用，才导致风木的相乘。《释名》说：上，通吐，能……（原文此处似有缺漏，结合下文意为升发吐故纳新之意）。
（《素问·生气通天论》指出，将卫气称为生气，又比喻卫气为阳气，如同天空中的太阳，如果失去其正常位置和功能，就会折损寿命而不显赫，这是生命的根本。）
防风质地黄色，具备中土的颜色。味甘性温，专属于中土的味道。大概土的德行只有香气，芳香充沛通达，拒绝各种邪臭之气，所以对于头、目、身、首等有风邪侵袭，但尚未入脏的情况，能从中间将其拒退撤除。至于防己，则味苦辛主泄降，治疗的证候也不相同。防风就像任用有德之人来抵御外来的寇敌，防己就像借助权谋来清除君主身边的奸佞。然而因名思义，所谓“防己”，固然可以自卫，但也意味着这个本身也是应当被防备的对象。就像是治世时的能臣，乱世时的奸雄。所以《本经》将防风列入上品，将防己列入中品。
(Shennong Bencao Jing [Classic of Materia Medica], Upper Grade)
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats severe wind pathogens, dizziness and headache with aversion to wind, blindness or visual impairment caused by wind pathogens, wind circulating throughout the body causing pain and bi-syndrome in bone joints, and irritability with fullness. Long-term use makes the body feel light and agile.
[Verification] It is said: The best quality comes from Longshan in Qizhou; those from Qingzhou, Yanzhou, and Zizhou are also good. Sprouts emerge in February, reddish-purple in color, tender and refreshing when eaten as a vegetable. In March, stems and leaves turn green, with dark stems and pale leaves, resembling Artemisia viridis (Qinghao) but shorter and smaller. Flowers bloom in May, resembling Anethum graveolens (Dill) flowers but white in color, clustered into chambers; seeds resemble Coriandrum sativum (Huxu) seeds but slightly larger. Roots are harvested in September, resembling Beta vulgaris var. cicla (Kuigen) roots but yellow. There is a variety called Shifangfeng, growing among mountain rocks, with green leaves and white flowers, and roots resembling Artemisia roots but coarse and ugly. For processing, remove the forked heads and tails, as well as withered and black parts. The forked head can cause madness, and the forked tail can induce chronic diseases. Processed with yellow millet. It is incompatible with Bixie (Bixie Rhizoma). It can neutralize the toxicity of Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata). It is adverse to Lulü (Veratrum nigrum), Bailian (Liriope turgidae Bulbus), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), and Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos). When combined with Congbai (Allii fistulosi Bulbus), it can circulate throughout the body; when combined with Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) and Bencao (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), it can treat wind disorders; when combined with Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Yangqishi (Yangqishi), and Yuyuliang (Haematitum), it can treat uterine wind disorders in women.
My late father said: Among the "Four Elements" (Earth, Water, Fire, Wind), Wind has the greatest power, holding and maintaining the world, entering every crevice. If the human body's couli (skin pores and interstitial spaces) are loose and leaking, then the Shengqi (Vital Qi, here referring to Wei-Qi or Defensive Qi) cannot adequately guard, and wind enters. Therefore, to defend and shield against wind, one must rely on the Shengqi that connects with heaven. Fangfeng is yellow and unblocks the center, promoting the essence of food and drink to prevent the arrival of thief-wind; this is why it was named so. It is also said: The body is composed of the Four Elements, characterized by movement as Wind. Thus, if places in the body that should move do not move, it indicates a deficiency of Wind Element; if places that should move move excessively, it indicates an excess of Wind Element. Fangfeng is sweet, warm, and pungent in dispersing, moistening and unblocking internally, capable of balancing and regulating evenly. Neither excessive nor deficient, this is the function of Fangfeng. It is also said: Guarding oneself through oneself, harmonizing Qi with fragrance.
[Commentary] It is said: Movement and fluttering are the inherent nature of Wind-Wood. If Earth loses its ability to retain and hinder, Wind-Wood pathology occurs; conversely, Wind-Wood pathology can cause Earth to lose its retaining ability. For example, wind in the head causes dizziness and vertigo; in the eyes, it causes blurred vision or blindness; in bone joints, it causes painful irritability. Painful irritability, blurred vision, and dizziness are merely manifestations of the fluttering nature of Wind-Wood. Wind circulating throughout the body demonstrates its characteristic of moving rapidly and changing frequently. The flavor is sweet and fragrant, yellow and unblocking the center, consolidating the essence of the Nine Soils to prevent the insult of the Eight Winds. They enter via Xun (Wind), we stop via Gen (Mountain/Stillness). In Earth, it transforms into growth and generation; in Wood, it inevitably transforms into bearing the earth and emerging.
(The function is to consolidate the virtue and utility of Earth to prevent the overacting of Wind-Wood. If Wind-Wood has already overacted upon Earth, would it not bear the earth upwards? Thus, driving away the external insult of Wind-Wood is precisely executing the virtue of Earth. It is because Earth loses its substance and function that Wind-Wood overacts. Shi Ming [Name Explanation] says: Shang (Upper) sounds like Tu (Vomit/Eject), meaning it can...)
(Suwen: Shengqi Tongtian Lun states that Wei-Qi is called Shengqi, and metaphorically referred to as Yang-Qi, like the sun in the sky. If it loses its proper position, lifespan is shortened and brilliance is lost; this is the root of life.)
Fangfeng has a yellow texture, possessing the color of Central Earth. Its sweet and warm flavor belongs specifically to Central Earth. Essentially, the virtue of Earth is only fragrant; abundant and penetrating fragrance repels all evil odors. Therefore, for wind affecting the head, eyes, body, and neck, which has not yet entered the Zang organs, Fangfeng can repel and withdraw it from the center. In contrast, Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix) is bitter and pungent, primarily draining, and treats different syndromes. Fangfeng is like employing a virtuous minister to resist external invaders, whereas Fangji is like using authority to clear treacherous officials around the ruler. However, taking the name literally, "Fangji" implies self-defense, but also suggests that itself is something to be guarded against. It is like a capable minister in peaceful times and a heroic villain in chaotic times. Hence, Bencao Jing lists Fangfeng in the Upper Grade and Fangji in the Middle Grade.
Only by obtaining the ascending Yang Qi of Earth can it transform the heavy and stagnant form of Earth. Wind supports Earth, viewing the great earth as light as a goose feather; this is why the body feels light.)