（本经下品）
【气味】苦温，无毒。
【主治】主温疟、狂 寒热，症瘕、积聚、瘿气，逐血，止腹痛，疗金疮。
【核】曰∶白头翁，一名白头老人，一名王主者，端居北位，今生吴越矣。他处虽时见，
总不及两地者为贵。春生作丛主，株分挺出于众叶，发茎端如杏，叶上有缟白茸毛，若头发
疆短，之如翁也。近根亦有白茸，根似蔓荆，色深紫，其茎有风则静，无风自摇，赤箭、独
活、鬼臼同性。河南洛阳，界新安山中，多服此，云令人寿考。修治，得酒良，花、子、茎、
叶，功无差等。
【 】曰∶命名白头翁，形色之相肖。亦白秉金用，头为阳首。翁者，历年久，事尽知，
故有风自静，无风自摇。验体之能立，用之能行，是以首出庶物，不为八风所夺也。宜哉荡
中藏之垢秽，胡颈之瘿瘤，温疟之 狂，积聚之传会，寒热之症瘕，金疮之屠毒，百体治平，
腹心患灭。
（本经下品）
【气味】苦，微寒，无毒。
【主治】主治皮肤热，大腹水气，四肢面目浮肿，丈夫阴气不足。
【核】曰∶泽漆，出太山川泽，今江湖平陆有之。春生苗，一科分枝，丛生柔茎，色碧
绿，如马齿苋、苜蓿叶辈，圆黄且绿，颇似猫睛，一名猫儿眼草。茎头五叶，中抽小茎五枝，
每枝作细花，色青绿，复有小叶承之，齐整如一，一名五凤草，一名六叶绿花草。茎有白汁
黏人，根亦白，中心劲硬如骨。本草为大戟、乌头苗者，谬矣。
【 】曰∶泻水上行之为泽，水泻欲留之为漆，水大体用两叶矣。故水亡体用者，皮肤
热；水惟具体者，大腹水气、四肢面目浮肿。缘丈夫阴足而精藏，而起亟，用行体至，体至
用行，两无碍焉。仲景先生金匮要略论，咳逆上气，时时吐浊，坐不欲眠，其脉沉者，泽漆
汤主之。第形寒饮冷则伤肺，两邪相击，为咳为痈为痿矣。此体用两冥，至肾气独沉宣水之
用，即所以辅水之体，内外合邪，泮然冰释矣。
（《神农本草经》列为下品）
【气味】味苦，性温，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗温疟、伴有寒热往来的狂证，症瘕（腹内结块）、积聚（气滞血瘀形成的包块）、瘿气（颈部肿块），能驱逐瘀血，停止腹痛，治疗金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）。
【核】曰：白头翁，又名白头老人，又名王主者，端正地居于北方之位，如今生长在吴越地区。其他地方虽然偶尔也能看到，但总不如这两个地方出产的珍贵。春天生长时成丛状，植株分枝挺出于众叶之上，茎端开花像杏花，叶面上有白色的茸毛，像老人的短发一样，所以称为“翁”。靠近根部也有白色茸毛，根形状像蔓荆子，颜色深紫。它的茎在有风时静止，无风时自动摇动，与赤箭、独活、鬼臼性质相同。河南洛阳，新安山一带，很多人服用此药，据说能让人长寿。炮制加工方面，用酒处理效果良好。花、种子、茎、叶的功效没有差别。
【 】曰：命名为白头翁，是因为其形态和颜色相似。白色秉承金的功用，头为阳之首。“翁”意味着历经多年，见识广博，所以有风时反而静止，无风时自动摇动。验证了其体性能直立，用功能运行，因此能超群出众，不被八风所侵夺。适宜于清除中焦藏匿的污垢秽物，消除颈部的瘿瘤，治疗温疟引起的狂躁，化解积聚的传变汇聚，平息寒热导致的症瘕，治愈金疮带来的毒害，使全身脏腑平和，消除腹心的病患。
（《神农本草经》列为下品）
【气味】味苦，微寒，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗皮肤发热，大腹水气，四肢及面目浮肿，男子阴气不足。
【核】曰：泽漆，出自太山川泽之中，如今在江湖和平原陆地都有分布。春天生苗，一科分出枝条，丛生柔嫩的茎，颜色碧绿，像马齿苋、苜蓿叶子一类，圆黄且绿，很像猫的眼睛，一名猫儿眼草。茎头有五片叶子，中间抽出五根小茎，每根小茎开出细小的花，花色青绿，又有小叶承托，整齐划一，一名五凤草，一名六叶绿花草。茎中有白色汁液黏人，根也是白色的，中心坚硬如骨。本草书中说它是大戟、乌头的幼苗，这是错误的。
【 】曰：水向上溢出形成沼泽，水流泻下想要留住则像漆一样粘稠，水的体和用都体现在这两片叶子上。所以如果水失去了体和用，就会表现为皮肤发热；如果水只具备体的特征而用失常，就会出现大腹水气、四肢面目浮肿。因为男子阴气充足则精气内藏，行动迅速，用行体至，体至用行，两者互不阻碍。张仲景先生在《金匮要略》中论述，咳嗽气逆，时常吐出浊痰，坐卧不安，脉象沉的，用泽漆汤主治。但是形体受寒、饮食生冷会损伤肺脏，两种邪气相互搏击，就会导致咳嗽、痈肿或痿证。这是体和用相互隔绝，直到肾气单独下沉宣通水用的时候，就是辅助水的体，内外合邪，就像冰融化一样消散了。
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats warm malaria (Wen Nue), manic disorders accompanied by alternating chills and fever, zheng zha (abdominal masses), ji ju (accumulations of qi and blood stasis), ying qi (neck swellings/goiter), expels blood stasis, stops abdominal pain, and treats metal weapon wounds (Jin Chuang).
[Nuclear Commentary] It is said: Bald-head Elder (Baitouweng), also known as Bald-head Old Man or Wang Zhu Zhe, resides upright in the northern direction; it now grows in the Wu-Yue region. Although seen occasionally elsewhere, those from these two places are considered superior. In spring, it grows in clumps; stems branch out prominently above other leaves, with flowers at the stem tips resembling apricot blossoms. The leaves have white downy hairs on their surface, resembling the short hair of an old man, hence the name "Weng" (Old Man). There is also white down near the roots. The root resembles that of Vitex rotundifolia (Manjing), with a deep purple color. Its stems remain still when there is wind but sway spontaneously when there is no wind; its nature is similar to that of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Chijian), Angelica pubescens (Duhuo), and Podophyllum emodi (Guijiu). In Luoyang, Henan, and the mountains of Xin'an, many people consume this herb, claiming it promotes longevity. For processing, treating it with wine is beneficial. The flower, seed, stem, and leaf possess equal efficacy without distinction.
[Interpretation] It is named Bald-head Elder because of its resemblance in form and color. White inherits the function of Metal, and the head is the foremost yang organ. "Weng" implies having lived for many years and knowing all matters thoroughly; thus, it remains still in the wind and sways spontaneously without wind. This verifies its ability to stand firm in substance and move in function, allowing it to rise above common things and not be overcome by the Eight Winds. It is suitable for cleansing filth hidden within the middle jiao, eliminating goiters on the neck, treating manic states caused by warm malaria, resolving accumulations and aggregations, calming phlegm-masses caused by chills and heat, curing toxins from metal wounds, bringing peace to the hundred body parts, and extinguishing afflictions of the abdomen and heart.
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats skin heat, ascites (large abdominal water accumulation), edema of the four limbs and face, and insufficient yin qi in men.
[Nuclear Commentary] It is said: Zeqi (Euphorbia helioscopia) originates from the streams and marshes of Mount Tai; nowadays, it is found in rivers, lakes, and flatlands. In spring, shoots emerge. One cluster branches out, growing soft stems in dense clusters with a jade-green color, resembling purslane (Machixian) or alfalfa leaves—round, yellowish-green, and somewhat like a cat's eye, hence the name Cat's Eye Grass (Maor Yan Cao). Five leaves crown the stem tip, from which five small stems sprout centrally. Each small stem bears tiny flowers, greenish-blue in color, supported by smaller leaves, arranged neatly and uniformly. Hence, it is also called Five-Phoenix Grass (Wufeng Cao) or Six-Leaf Green Flower Grass (Liuyelu Hua Cao). The stems exude a sticky white juice. The roots are also white, with a center hard as bone. Herbal texts stating it is the seedling of Euphorbia pekinensis (Daji) or Aconitum carmichaelii (Wutou) are erroneous.
[Interpretation] Water overflowing upwards forms a marsh (Ze); water flowing downwards yet wanting to stay viscous resembles lacquer (Qi). Thus, the substance and function of water are manifested in these two characters. Therefore, when water loses both substance and function, skin heat occurs; when water possesses only substance but fails in function, large abdominal water accumulation and edema of the limbs and face result. Because when a man's yin qi is sufficient, essence is stored, and movement is prompt; when function moves, substance arrives, and when substance arrives, function moves, the two do not hinder each other. Mr. Zhang Zhongjing, in his discussion in *Jingui Yaolue*, states that for cough with reversed qi, frequent expectoration of turbid matter, restlessness preventing sleep, and a sinking pulse, Zeqi Tang should be used. However, external cold damaging the form and cold drinks injuring the lungs cause the two pathogens to strike each other, leading to cough, abscesses, or flaccidity syndromes. This represents the mutual isolation of substance and function. Until kidney qi sinks alone to promote the draining function of water, thereby assisting the substance of water, the internal and external combined pathogens will dissolve like melting ice.