（本经中品）
尸录贞五年，禹有海犯盗禁，罪罗浮，入至十三岭，巨竹百，围二一尺，二十九，长二
丈，海户因破之为筏，后献于刺史李复陆可为图而记之。观其节候，则策数刻，定无盈亏。
青白之交曰茹，可称部署之少阳分形层之层，胁所□。
通中有节，界节似经，顾如环无端者奇之，八偶之十二可默会矣。
合天之文并合地之理矣，阴阳者数之可十，推之可百，数之可千，推之可万，天地之阴
阳不以数推，以象之谓也。每见种竹人，三岁者尽删之，并锄前根之老夙者，此唯更历六期
之半
【气味】苦平，无毒。
【主治】主咳逆上气，血溢，筋急，恶疡，杀小虫。根作汤，益气，止渴，补虚，下气；
实
【核】曰∶土中苞笋，各以时出，旬日落箨成竹也。茎有节，节有枝，枝有节，节有叶。
叶必三之，枝必两之。枝下之枝，一为雄，二为雌，雌者孕笋成竹。根鞭喜行东南，六十年
一花，花实则枯。枯曰 ，实曰 ，小曰筱。大曰 。按戴凯之竹谱云∶植物之中，有名曰
竹
曰笼竹，黄帝使伶伦伐之于昆仑之墟，吹以应律者；曰员丘帝俊竹，节可为船；曰 竹，
薄肌而劲；曰篁竹，坚而促节；曰棘竹，生交州诸郡，丛生，有十数茎，大者二尺围，肉至
浓，实中，夷人破以为弓，其笋食之，落人须发，一名笆竹；曰 竹，大者如腓，虚细长爽
，南人取其笋，未及竹者，灰煮，续以为布；曰弓竹，出东垂诸山中，长数十丈，既长且软
，不能自立。薛翊异物志云∶斑驳如玳瑁，曰苏麻竹，一名沙麻竹，长数丈，叶大如履，竹
中可爱者，可以为弓，五岭左右遍有之。曰 竹，叶薄而广，吴都赋所谓竹则
即越女试剑竹是也，桃枝，是其中最细者。曰 竹，生昆仑之北南岳之山，长千丈，断节为
大船；曰般肠竹，生东郡，缘海诸山中，其形未详；曰服伤竹，大者五六寸，其中实满，
曰挲摩竹，桂广皆植，大若茶碗，竹浓而空小，一人正擎一竿，见岭表录；曰箸竹，长三丈
许，围数寸，至坚利，土人以为矛，可作弹弓弦，其笋未成竹时，堪为纠，又名史叶竹，又
名竹；曰百叶竹，生南垂界，甚有毒，伤人必死，一枝百叶，因为名，一名 竹；曰繇
竹，为物丛生，见吴郡赋；曰 竹，一丰二种，至似苦竹而细软肌薄；曰盖竹，亦大，肌薄
色白，生江南深谷山；曰简篑竹，竹节疏而笋可食；曰 筒竹，见吴都赋，笋可食；曰鸡胫
竹，似胫，大者不过如指，疏叶黄皮；曰 竹，似芦，出扬州东垂，肌理匀净，可以为篪；
曰箭竹，高者不过一丈，节间三尺，坚劲中矢， 二竹，亦皆中矢； 竹，一尺数节，叶
大如扇，俗谓之 ，可以作篷，亦可作矢；彗筱竹，中帚；细竹，若箭竹可作箭；莽竹，
疏节；邻竹，坚中； 竹，中空；仲竹，无 俱见尔雅；种龙竹、 竹，见广志；桃枝竹，
皮滑而黄，可以为席； 竹，实浓脆，孔小，几于实中，安成以南有之；又桃竹，江心 石
上出，可为杖，竹谱云∶竹皆中空，此竹独实如木；利竹，蔓生若藤，实中而坚韧；汉竹，
大者一节受一斛，小者受数斗；菡 竹，大如脚指，笋皮未落，往往有细虫啮之，箨陨成赤
文，似绣画可爱；木竹，出灵隐山，中坚，亦通节脉；菰 竹，生于海南，内实外泽，晋竹，
吴王赐越，见吴越春秋；永嘉大罗山，有龙牙竹，其竹长四五尺，稀节，人取，必有大风雨
雷电，人下山则止；齐民要术， 竹，笋无味；杜台卿淮赋，有槟榔竹；身毒国，出 竹，
可为杖，一名狭竹，张骞西至大宛所得，见汉书，一名 竹，广志，新州石城陕隘，宋绍兴
中，州守黄济，植 竹，围绕之，竹有刺，芒棘华然，一豚不能入；涩勒竹，有芒，可以锉
爪，见老学庵笔记；繇梧竹，长三四丈，围一尺八九寸，可作屋柱，出交 ，见南方草木状；
葺竹，头有文，文见字林；狗竹，毛在竹间，见临海异物志；无筋竹，色如黄金，坚贞疏节
，出岭南，见竺法真罗山疏；石麻竹，劲利可为刀，见裴渊广州记；苞竹，堪作布，见顾微
广州记；实心竹，文彩斑驳，可为器物；又垂丝竹，枝弱下垂，见云南记；咸都有对青竹，
黄而沟青，浙亦有之，惟会稽颇多，呼为黄金间碧；玉竹，见养 漫志；护居竹，见无锡县
志； 竹，如苦竹，长节而薄，可作屋椽； 竹，青皮，内白如雪，软轫可为索；三棱竹，
状若棕榈，叶茎柄三脊；射竹，可为箭；峡州玉泉，鬼谷子洞前竹，竹叶有文成符，叶叶不
同，佩之可以避患，见宋陈日华琐碎录；有匾竹，出庐山，释惠远，能役使鬼神，善辟蛇，
行者尝持此竹，笋出亦匾；建安 竹，一名箪竹，节中有人，长尺许，头足皆具，大者中
甑，笋亦中射，见异苑；雷州有电斑竹，见地理志；相迷竹，内空生黄，堪作丸；镛竹，内
空，容三升米，亦生黄，俱出广州；新妇竹，出武林，竹圆，直可作篦；高潘州有疏节竹，
五六尺一节。通志，竹之良者有 竹，又溱州通竹，直上无节，空心，见北户录；桂阳县出
筌竹，大者围二尺；又交趾有 竹，实中有毒，以刺虎，中之则死，见山海经注；辰州有龙
丝竹，高盈尺，细如针，江湖中一种野竹，其叶纠结如虫状，名虾蛸竹，见语异录；当涂县
慈姥山，有箫管竹，圆致异于他处，篁坚而促节，皮白如霜粉；蜀嘉定，产月竹，每月生笋
；汉阳出 竹，南方草木状；扶南有云母竹，一节为船；山海经舜林竹，一节可为船；罗
阳竹，若芭蕉；黎母竹，每丈一节；临贺竹，其大十抱；人面竹，有节，一覆一仰，如画人
面；广西出雪竹，斑极大，红而有晕；蜀涪州有相思竹，对抽并胤； 竹，异物志，南
方思劳国所产，可砺指甲，李商隐射鱼曲 弩箭磨青石，绣额蛮渠三虎力，字又作涩勒，
东坡诗倦看涩勒暗蛮村；合欢竹，出南岳下渚州，安思县多苦竹，有青白紫黄四色；浙中有
天亲竹，末皆两岐；成都府彭县，大隋山，生竹若龙头，俗呼龙头竹；九嶷山有双梢竹，初
生枝叶即分两梢，亦名合欢竹、荻芦竹，冬天不凋，其竹似芦荻；鹤膝竹，节下大小似苦竹，
闽中人呼为槌竹；石KT 竹，生闽中，竹似石竹而小；古散竹，节似马鞭，叶似桐树而
皮似棕榈； 竹，出襄州卧龙
山，诸葛亮祠中，长百尺，只梢上有叶，雪峰语录，雪峰
为刹，与经蒋诸山相甲乙，冈峦百里间，有 竹；玄倭国有 干竹；少室山有爨器竹；又繇
广志，永昌有汉竹，围三尺余，大者，一节受一斛；神异经，南方荒中，有 竹，长百丈，
围二丈五六尺，浓八九寸，可以为船；有筛竹，一名太极竹，可以为船；占城国，出观音竹，
如藤，长丈八尺许，色黑如铁；会稽县有公孙竹，高不盈尺；越州产越王竹，状若荻枝，
代酒筹。次有沙箸竹，欲采
者，轻步从之，闻人声，则缩入沙中；罗浮山有龙公竹，大径
七尺，常有凤凰栖宿；增城县，倪山，产娑罗竹，围三四尺，性坚，可为弓；篷山有浮筠竹，
叶青；梧竹，可作屋柱；奉化新岭山生竹，高仅五寸，叶皆白色；清江县瑞筠山有竹，色如
烂银；齐民要术，芜竹，黑皮，竹汗有文，茎紫，子如大珠。郭璞云∶桂竹出始兴，小桂县，
上合防露，下疏来风，每日出罗纨金翠，望若花开；山经云山有桂竹，甚毒，伤人必死，一
曰状如甘竹而皮赤；方竹，见宁波志，葛仙植于定海灵峰者；益部方物志，有方竹赞，笋谱
方竹出澧州、西游川、铁冶辰山之阳，北户录澄州产方竹，体如削成，劲挺，堪为杖，隔州
亦出，大者数丈；又黑竹，出西山，长二尺许，如指大，纯墨色，叶玄碧，见文太史墨竹铭，
蕲水县，凤栖山下，有王羲之洗笔池，崖边小竹，俱成墨色；笋谱，道州泷中多丹竹，每节
一丈，或八尺，茎不大，袅袅摇空，粉节，上似有丹色；竹谱，宜都县，飞鱼口，有
大者不过寸许，鲜明可爱；
黔阳县亦竹冈，冈垄纠盘，丛生赤竹；云窗杂志，凝波竹，
出区吴山，紫枝绿叶，花如石榴，实如莲子，服之体轻，赵飞燕舞于掌上，服此实也； 谷
漫录，张堂云∶同邑安福西乡，周俊叔家，有十二时竹，绕节凸生子丑寅卯十二辰字，点画
可数；清异录，荆南判官刘或，弃官秦陇，箧中收大竹十余颗，每有客，则斫取少许煎饮，
共辛香如鸡舌，人坚叩其名，谓之丁香竹，非中国所产也；睽车志，绍兴中，四明有巨商泛
海，阻风，抵一山下，因攀蹑而登绝顶，有梵宫焉，窗外竹数个，枝叶如丹，商坚求一二竿，
截之为杖，每以刀锲削，辄随刃有光，心异之，至一国，有老叟曰∶君亲至补陀落伽山
观音坐后，旃檀林紫竹也，
商惊悔，取削弃余札宝藏之，有久病无药可愈者，煎汤饮之
即愈。又有似竹而异名者曰楝，曰棕，盖别类也；品类虽繁，入药宜用 竹，次用淡苦二种，
又有一种薄壳者，曰甘竹，其叶最良。
先人博议云∶易生易长，虚中有节，性质疏畅，映芘幽独，岁寒不凋，春荥自若，真隐
君
又云∶秋深引根，冬半孕笋，然以偶生，略分先后发也。春分出十成竹，枝必偶，叶必
三，空中直上，具木中有火之象。故笋可发疮，沥通经脉，茹主呕哕，叶清烦热，皆透达木
火之所不及者也。
又云∶去外皮一重，取青白之交曰茹，此竹气通上彻下，透表及里之所，用之可通上下，
而使气清，达表里，而不致骤急者也。
又云∶直达中空，抽水土之力迅捷，沥即竹中之水，顾理文如腠，而界节似经，则通中
之节，固非往而不返者矣。如病久渴，即节而不通；心烦，为通而不节；竹沥之力，通节交
互，故渴可解，而烦可息。但竹沥行中有节，直达之力居多，须佐以姜汁，便可横遍，且得
尽木火之体用也。
【 】曰∶竹者，物之有筋节者也。故筋节字皆从竹，又竹从两个，枝必二，叶必三，
即火二木三之象也。性喜东南，故九河鲜有，以卦推之，尔雅翼云∶巽为竹。易系云∶震为
竹， ，幼竹也。可见方以类聚矣。茎有节，节有枝，枝必三枝复有节，若三候成节
也
故主候失符节，致令气逆气溢，或若霜露不下，则菀 不荣，致令筋急焦渴也。实通神
明，轻身益气者，竹六十岁始华，穷历支干变化故也。客曰∶吾见竹叶一岁成，二岁茂，三
岁密，至四岁则细，五岁疏，六岁瘁矣。未见有至六十岁而华者。颐曰∶古人盖指疏理得宜，
根历一元而言，不但举一茎之荣枯已也。客曰∶竹节生时已具，安见其与四时合耶。颐曰∶
冬半而孕，春半而生，夏半而代叶，秋半而引根，四气历然，非独以出土之时为生也。
（述异记云∶卫有淇园出竹，在淇水之上。埤雅传云∶淇园 ，下淇园之竹以为 ，
伐淇园之竹以为矢，淇园，殷纣竹箭园也。盖淇之产竹，土地所宜，故风人以此美卫武之德
也。）
（谢庄云∶直而不介，弱而不亏，香袅人圃，箫瑟云岩，推名楚潭，美质良池。）
（江 云∶有嘉生之美竹，挺纯姿于自然，含虚中而象道，体圆质而仪天，托宗爽 ，
列族圃田。）
（刘宽夫云∶坚可以配松柏，劲可以凌霜雪，密可以泊晴烟，疏可以漏梢月，婵娟可玩，
劲
（白居易云∶竹似肾，何哉？竹本固，固以树德，君子见其本，则思善建不拔者。竹性
直，直以立身，君子见其性，则思中立不倚者。竹性空，空以体道，君子见其思则思应用虚
受者。竹节贞，贞以立志，君子见其节，则思砥砺名行夷险一致者。夫如是故君子多树之为
庭实焉。竹，植物也。于人何有哉？以其有似于贤，而人犹爱惜之封植之。竹其真贤者乎，
然则竹之于草木，犹贤之于众庶。竹不能自异，惟人异之，贤不能自异，惟用贤者异之。故
作记以闻于今日用贤者云）。
（阳明子云∶竹有君子之道四焉，中虚而静，通而有间，有君子之德，外节而直，贯四
时而 叶无所改。有君子之操，应蛰而出，遇伏而隐，雨雪晦明无所不宜。有君子之时，清
风时至，玉磬珊然。中采齐而协肆夏，揖逊俯仰，若洙泗群贤之交集风止籁静，挺然独立，
不挠不屈，恍虞廷群后，端冕正笏，而列于堂陛之侧，有君子之容，竹有是四者，而以君子
名，不愧于其名。）
（《神农本草经》列为中品药材）
晋代太康五年，大禹治水时曾有人违反海禁盗伐林木，罪行波及罗浮山，深入至十三岭。那里有巨大的竹子一百株，周长二尺一寸九分，长达二丈。海边居民因此将其剖开制作成竹筏，后来献给刺史李复。陆可为为此绘制了图并加以记录。观察其竹节的疏密程度，可以推算时间刻度，确定没有盈亏变化。青白相间的部分称为“茹”，可以象征部署中的少阳分形层次，胁部所□（此处原文缺字）。
竹竿中间贯通且有节，界限分明似经络，循环无端，这是它的奇特之处。八与十二的偶数规律可以默会领悟。这既合于天文的纹理，又符合地理的道理。阴阳之数可以推演至十、百、千、万，但天地之阴阳不能仅靠数字推演，而应通过形象来理解。常见种植竹子的人，会将生长三年的竹子全部删剪，并锄去前根的老宿根，这是因为竹子历经六个周期的一半。
【气味】味苦，性平，无毒。
【主治】主治咳嗽气逆，吐血，筋脉拘急，恶疮，杀灭小虫。竹根煎汤服用，能益气，止渴，补虚，降气；充实身体。
【核】曰：泥土中的笋苞，按时令出土，旬日之内脱壳长成竹子。茎有节，节上有枝，枝上有节，节上有叶。叶子一定是三片一组，枝条一定是两两相对。枝下的分支，一个是雄性，两个是雌性，雌性的孕育笋芽长成竹子。竹根鞭喜欢向东南方向生长，六十年开花一次，花结实后竹子就会枯死。枯死的称为“”，结实的称为“”，小的称为“筱”。大的称为“”。据戴凯之《竹谱》记载：植物之中，有一种叫笼竹，黄帝派伶伦在昆仑山砍伐它，吹奏以对应音律；有一种叫员丘帝俊竹，竹节可以做船；有一种薄肌而坚劲的竹；有一种篁竹，坚硬且节短；有一种棘竹，生长在交州各郡，丛生，有十几茎，粗的两尺围，肉质极厚，实心，夷人破开做弓，它的笋吃了会让人掉头发，又名笆竹；有一种竹，大的像小腿，虚细长爽，南方人取未成竹的笋，用灰煮，续以为布；有一种弓竹，出产在东垂诸山中，长几十丈，既长且软，不能自立。薛翊《异物志》记载：斑驳如玳瑁纹的，叫苏麻竹，一名沙麻竹，长数丈，叶大如鞋，竹中可爱者，可以做弓，五岭左右到处都有。有一种竹，叶薄而广，吴都赋所说的竹就是越女试剑竹，桃枝竹是其中最细的。有一种竹，生长在昆仑山南北岳的山上，长千丈，折断竹节做大船；有一种般肠竹，生长在东郡沿海诸山中，形状不详；有一种服伤竹，大的五六寸，中间实心满；有一种挲摩竹，桂广地区都种植，大如茶碗，竹肉浓而空心小，一人正擎一竿，见《岭表录》；有一种箸竹，长约三丈，围数寸，极其坚利，当地人用来做矛，可做弹弓弦，它的笋未长成竹时，可做纠绳，又名史叶竹，又名竹；有一种百叶竹，生长在南垂边界，毒性很大，伤人必死，一枝长一百片叶子，因此得名，又名竹；有一种繇竹，为物丛生，见《吴郡赋》；有一种竹，一丰二种，很像苦竹但细软肌薄；有一种盖竹，也很大，肌薄色白，生长在江南深谷山；有一种简篑竹，竹节稀疏且笋可食用；有一种筒竹，见《吴都赋》，笋可食用；有一种鸡胫竹，像小腿，大的不过如手指，叶疏皮黄；有一种竹，像芦苇，出产于扬州东垂，肌理匀净，可以做笛；有一种箭竹，高不超过一丈，节间三尺，坚劲中矢；二竹，也都中矢；有一种竹，一尺多节，叶大如扇，俗称为，可以做篷，也可以做箭；有一种彗筱竹，可做扫帚；细竹，像箭竹可做箭；莽竹，节疏；邻竹，坚中；竹，中空；仲竹，无俱见《尔雅》；种龙竹、竹，见《广志》；桃枝竹，皮滑而黄，可以做席；竹，实浓脆，孔小，几乎实心，安成以南有之；又有桃竹，从江心石头上长出，可做手杖，《竹谱》说：竹都是空心的，这种竹唯独实心像木头；利竹，蔓生像藤，实心而坚韧；汉竹，大的一节受一斛，小的受数斗；菡竹，大如脚趾，笋皮未落，往往有细虫咬它，箨陨成赤文，像绣画一样可爱；木竹，出产于灵隐山，中间坚实，也通节脉；菰竹，生于海南，内实外泽；晋竹，吴王赐给越国，见《吴越春秋》；永嘉大罗山，有龙牙竹，其竹长四五尺，节稀，人取之，必有大风雨雷电，人下山则停止；《齐民要术》记载，竹，笋无味；杜台卿《淮赋》，有槟榔竹；身毒国，出产竹，可做手杖，一名狭竹，张骞西行至大宛所得，见《汉书》，一名竹，《广志》记载，新州石城陕隘，宋绍兴年间，州守黄济，种植竹围绕它，竹有刺，芒棘华然，一头猪都不能进入；涩勒竹，有芒，可以用来锉指甲，见《老学庵笔记》；繇梧竹，长三四丈，围一尺八九寸，可做屋柱，出自交趾，见《南方草木状》；葺竹，头有花纹，文见《字林》；狗竹，毛在竹间，见《临海异物志》；无筋竹，色如黄金，坚贞疏节，出自岭南，见竺法真《罗山疏》；石麻竹，劲利可做刀，见裴渊《广州记》；苞竹，可做布，见顾微《广州记》；实心竹，文彩斑驳，可做器物；又有垂丝竹，枝弱下垂，见《云南记》；咸都有对青竹，黄而沟青，浙江也有，只有会稽很多，呼为黄金间碧；玉竹，见《养漫志》；护居竹，见《无锡县志》；竹，如苦竹，长节而薄，可做屋椽；竹，青皮，内白如雪，软韧可做绳索；三棱竹，状若棕榈，叶茎柄三脊；射竹，可做箭；峡州玉泉，鬼谷子洞前的竹，竹叶有文成符，叶叶不同，佩戴它可以避患，见宋陈日华《琐碎录》；有匾竹，出自庐山，释惠远，能役使鬼神，善辟蛇，行者常持此竹，笋出亦匾；建安竹，一名箪竹，节中有人，长尺许，头足皆具，大的中甑，笋也中射，见《异苑》；雷州有电斑竹，见《地理志》；相迷竹，内空生黄，可做丸药；镛竹，内空，容三升米，也生黄，都出自广州；新妇竹，出自武林，竹圆，直可做篦子；高潘州有疏节竹，五六尺一节。《通志》记载，竹之良者有竹，又有溱州通竹，直上无节，空心，见《北户录》；桂阳县出筌竹，大的围二尺；又有交趾有竹，实中有毒，用来刺虎，中之则死，见《山海经注》；辰州有龙丝竹，高盈尺，细如针，江湖中一种野竹，其叶纠结如虫状，名虾蛸竹，见《语异录》；当涂县慈姥山，有箫管竹，圆致异于他处，篁坚而促节，皮白如霜粉；蜀嘉定，产月竹，每月生笋；汉阳出竹，见《南方草木状》；扶南有云母竹，一节为船；《山海经》舜林竹，一节可为船；罗阳竹，若芭蕉；黎母竹，每丈一节；临贺竹，其大十抱；人面竹，有节，一覆一仰，如画人面；广西出雪竹，斑极大，红而有晕；蜀涪州有相思竹，对抽并胤；竹，《异物志》，南方思劳国所产，可砺指甲，李商隐《射鱼曲》“弩箭磨青石，绣额蛮渠三虎力”，字又作涩勒，东坡诗“倦看涩勒暗蛮村”；合欢竹，出南岳下渚州，安思县多苦竹，有青白紫黄四色；浙中有天亲竹，末皆两岐；成都府彭县，大隋山，生竹若龙头，俗呼龙头竹；九嶷山有双梢竹，初生枝叶即分两梢，亦名合欢竹、荻芦竹，冬天不凋，其竹似芦荻；鹤膝竹，节下大小似苦竹，闽中人呼为槌竹；石KT竹，生闽中，竹似石竹而小；古散竹，节似马鞭，叶似桐树而皮似棕榈；竹，出自襄州卧龙山，诸葛亮祠中，长百尺，只梢上有叶，《雪峰语录》，雪峰为刹，与经蒋诸山相甲乙，冈峦百里间，有竹；玄倭国有干竹；少室山有爨器竹；又繇《广志》，永昌有汉竹，围三尺余，大者，一节受一斛；《神异经》，南方荒中，有竹，长百丈，围二丈五六尺，浓八九寸，可以为船；有筛竹，一名太极竹，可以为船；占城国，出观音竹，如藤，长丈八尺许，色黑如铁；会稽县有公孙竹，高不盈尺；越州产越王竹，状若荻枝，代酒筹。次有沙箸竹，欲采者，轻步从之，闻人声，则缩入沙中；罗浮山有龙公竹，大径七尺，常有凤凰栖宿；增城县，倪山，产娑罗竹，围三四尺，性坚，可为弓；篷山有浮筠竹，叶青；梧竹，可做屋柱；奉化新岭山生竹，高仅五寸，叶皆白色；清江县瑞筠山有竹，色如烂银；《齐民要术》，芜竹，黑皮，竹汗有文，茎紫，子如大珠。郭璞云：桂竹出自始兴小桂县，上合防露，下疏来风，每日出罗纨金翠，望若花开；《山经》云山有桂竹，甚毒，伤人必死，一说状如甘竹而皮赤；方竹，见《宁波志》，葛仙植于定海灵峰者；《益部方物志》，有方竹赞，笋谱方竹出澧州、西游川、铁冶辰山之阳，《北户录》澄州产方竹，体如削成，劲挺，堪为杖，隔州亦出，大者数丈；又有黑竹，出自西山，长二尺许，如指大，纯墨色，叶玄碧，见文太史《墨竹铭》，蕲水县，凤栖山下，有王羲之洗笔池，崖边小竹，俱成墨色；笋谱，道州泷中多丹竹，每节一丈，或八尺，茎不大，袅袅摇空，粉节，上似有丹色；竹谱，宜都县，飞鱼口，有大者不过寸许，鲜明可爱；黔阳县亦竹冈，冈垄纠盘，丛生赤竹；云窗杂志，凝波竹，出自区吴山，紫枝绿叶，花如石榴，实如莲子，服之体轻，赵飞燕舞于掌上，服此实也；谷漫录，张堂云：同邑安福西乡，周俊叔家，有十二时竹，绕节凸生子丑寅卯十二辰字，点画可数；清异录，荆南判官刘或，弃官秦陇，箧中收大竹十余颗，每有客，则斫取少许煎饮，共辛香如鸡舌，人坚叩其名，谓之丁香竹，非中国所产也；睽车志，绍兴中，四明有巨商泛海，阻风，抵一山下，因攀蹑而登绝顶，有梵宫焉，窗外竹数个，枝叶如丹，商坚求一二竿，截之为杖，每以刀锲削，辄随刃有光，心异之，至一国，有老叟曰：君亲至补陀落伽山观音坐后，旃檀林紫竹也，商惊悔，取削弃余札宝藏之，有久病无药可愈者，煎汤饮之即愈。又有似竹而异名者曰楝，曰棕，盖别类也；品类虽繁，入药宜用竹，次用淡苦二种，又有一种薄壳者，曰甘竹，其叶最良。
先父博议云：竹子易生易长，虚中有节，性质疏畅，映芘幽独，岁寒不凋，春荣自若，真是隐君子。又说：秋深引根，冬半孕笋，然而以偶生，略分先后发也。春分出十成竹，枝必偶，叶必三，空中直上，具木中有火之象。所以笋可发疮，沥通经脉，茹主呕哕，叶清烦热，都是透达木火之所不及的地方。
又说：去掉外皮一层，取青白相间的部分称为“茹”，这种竹气通上彻下，透表及里，用它可通上下，而使气清，达表里，而不致骤急。
又说：直达中空，抽取水土之力迅捷，沥即竹中之水，顾理文如腠理，而界节似经络，那么通中之节，固非往而不返的了。如病久渴，即节而不通；心烦，为通而不节；竹沥之力，通节交互，所以渴可解，而烦可息。但竹沥行中有节，直达之力居多，须佐以姜汁，便可横遍，且得尽木火之体用。
【论述】曰：竹，是有筋节的物体。所以筋节字都从竹，又竹从两个，枝必二，叶必三，即火二木三之象。性喜东南，所以九河鲜有，以卦推之，《尔雅翼》云：巽为竹。《易系》云：震为竹，幼竹也。可见方以类聚。茎有节，节有枝，枝必三枝复有节，若三候成节也。所以主候失符节，致令气逆气溢，或若霜露不下，则菀郁不荣，致令筋急焦渴也。实通神明，轻身益气者，竹六十岁始华，穷历支干变化故也。客人说：我看见竹叶一岁成，二岁茂，三岁密，至四岁则细，五岁疏，六岁瘁矣。未见有至六十岁而华的。我说：古人大概指疏理得宜，根历一元而言，不但举一茎之荣枯而已。客人说：竹节生时已具，安见其与四时合耶。我说：冬半而孕，春半而生，夏半而代叶，秋半而引根，四气历然，非独以出土之时为生也。（《述异记》云：卫国有淇园出产竹，在淇水之上。《埤雅传》云：淇园竹，下淇园之竹以为，伐淇园之竹以为矢，淇园，殷纣竹箭园也。大概淇地产竹，土地适宜，所以诗人以此赞美卫武公的德行。）
（谢庄云：直而不介，弱而不亏，香袅人圃，箫瑟云岩，推名楚潭，美质良池。）
（江淹云：有嘉生之美竹，挺纯姿于自然，含虚中而象道，体圆质而仪天，托宗爽，列族圃田。）
（刘宽夫云：坚可以配松柏，劲可以凌霜雪，密可以泊晴烟，疏可以漏梢月，婵娟可玩，劲……）
（白居易云：竹似肾，何哉？竹本固，固以树德，君子见其本，则思善建不拔者。竹性直，直以立身，君子见其性，则思中立不倚者。竹性空，空以体道，君子见其思则思应用虚受者。竹节贞，贞以立志，君子见其节，则思砥砺名行夷险一致者。夫如是故君子多树之为庭实焉。竹，植物也。于人何有哉？以其有似于贤，而人犹爱惜之封植之。竹其真贤者乎，然则竹之于草木，犹贤之于众庶。竹不能自异，惟人异之，贤不能自自异，惟用贤者异之。故作记以闻于今日用贤者云。）
（阳明子云：竹有君子之道四焉，中虚而静，通而有间，有君子之德，外节而直，贯四时而叶无所改。有君子之操，应蛰而出，遇伏而隐，雨雪晦明无所不宜。有君子之时，清风时至，玉磬珊然。中采齐而协肆夏，揖逊俯仰，若洙泗群贤之交集风止籁静，挺然独立，不挠不屈，恍虞廷群后，端冕正笏，而列于堂陛之侧，有君子之容，竹有是四者，而以君子名，不愧于其名。）
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Middle Category)
In the fifth year of Taikang (Jin Dynasty), someone violated the maritime ban and illegally logged timber, with crimes extending to Luofu Mountain, penetrating as far as the Thirteen Ridges. There were one hundred giant bamboos, each with a circumference of two chi and one cun nine fen, and a length of two zhang. Coastal residents cut them open to make rafts, which were later presented to the Inspector Li Fu. Lu Ke wei drew diagrams and recorded this. Observing their nodes and intervals, one can calculate time divisions, determining there is no surplus or deficit. The area where green and white intersect is called "Ru" (the inner layer of bamboo skin), symbolizing the layered form of the Shaoyang division in deployment, corresponding to the hypochondrium □ (missing character).
The bamboo stalk is hollow and connected through nodes; the boundaries of the nodes resemble meridians. Its circular continuity without beginning or end is remarkable. The even numbers eight and twelve can be intuitively understood. This aligns with celestial patterns and earthly principles. Yin and Yang numbers can be extended to ten, a hundred, a thousand, and ten thousand, but the Yin and Yang of Heaven and Earth cannot be deduced solely by numbers; they are understood through images. It is common for bamboo planters to prune all three-year-old bamboo and remove old roots from previous cycles, as bamboo undergoes half of six cycles.
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Mainly treats cough with rebellious Qi, hematemesis, tendon spasm, malignant sores, and kills small insects. Decoction of bamboo roots benefits Qi, relieves thirst, tonifies deficiency, and directs Qi downward; it also solidifies the body.
[Core/Description] Says: Bamboo shoots emerge from the soil according to seasonal timing, shedding their husks to become bamboo within ten days. The stem has nodes, nodes have branches, branches have nodes, and nodes have leaves. Leaves always appear in groups of three, and branches always in pairs. Branches below branches consist of one male and two females; the female ones nurture shoots into bamboo. Bamboo rhizomes prefer growing towards the southeast. They flower once every sixty years, and after fruiting, the bamboo dies. Dead bamboo is called [character missing], fruiting bamboo is called [character missing], small bamboo is called "Xiao" (young shoot), and large bamboo is called [character missing]. According to Dai Kaizhi's *Bamboo Spectrum*: Among plants, there is a type called Long Zhu (Cage Bamboo), felled by Ling Lun at Kunlun Mountain by the Yellow Emperor to tune musical pitches; Yuanqiu Dijun Bamboo, whose nodes can make boats; a thin-fleshed and tough bamboo; Huang Zhu, hard with short nodes; Ji Zhu (Thorny Bamboo), growing in Jiaozhou commanderies, clustering with dozens of stems, some two chi in circumference, thick flesh, solid core, used by barbarians for bows; its shoots cause hair loss, also known as Ba Zhu; a bamboo type, large as a calf's leg, hollow, long and slender, southern people boil un-matured shoots in ash to make cloth; Gong Zhu (Bow Bamboo), from mountains in Dongchui, tens of zhang long, flexible but cannot stand alone. Xue Yi's *Records of Strange Things* notes: Variegated like hawksbill turtle shell, Su Ma Zhu (Su Hemp Bamboo), also Sha Ma Zhu, several zhang long, leaves as large as shoes, lovely bamboo suitable for bows, found throughout the Five Ranges; a bamboo type, thin and broad leaves, referred to in *Wu Du Fu* as Yue Nu Shi Jian Zhu (Yue Maiden Sword-Testing Bamboo); Tao Zhi Zhu (Peach Branch Bamboo) is the finest among them; a bamboo type growing north and south of Kunlun Mountains, thousand zhang long, broken nodes make large boats; Ban Chang Zhu, from East Commandery coastal mountains, shape unknown; Fu Shang Zhu, five or six cun large, solid inside; Sa Mo Zhu, planted in Gui and Guang regions, tea-bowl sized, thick flesh, small hollow, one person carries one pole, seen in *Lingbiao Records*; Zhu Zhu (Chopsticks Bamboo), about three zhang long, several cun circumference, extremely hard and sharp, used by locals for spears and slingshot strings; its shoots before maturing serve as ropes, also Shi Ye Zhu or [name missing]; Bai Ye Zhu (Hundred-Leaf Bamboo), from southern borders, highly toxic, fatal if bitten, one branch bears a hundred leaves, hence the name, also [name missing]; You Zhu, clustering growth, seen in *Wu Jun Fu*; a bamboo type, one abundant, two varieties, similar to Ku Zhu but finer and thinner; Gai Zhu, also large, thin flesh white, from deep valleys in Jiangnan; Jian Kui Zhu, sparse nodes, edible shoots; Tong Zhu, seen in *Wu Du Fu*, edible shoots; Ji Jing Zhu (Chicken Shin Bamboo), shin-like, max finger-sized, sparse yellow leaves; a bamboo type, reed-like, from east of Yangzhou, uniform texture, usable for flutes; Jian Zhu (Arrow Bamboo), not over one zhang high, three chi between nodes, hard enough to hold arrowheads; two bamboo types also hold arrows; a bamboo type, several nodes per chi, leaves fan-shaped, commonly called [name missing], usable for sails or arrows; Hui Xiao Zhu, usable for brooms; Xi Zhu, like Arrow Bamboo for arrows; Mang Zhu, sparse nodes; Lin Zhu, hard center; [name missing] bamboo, hollow center; Zhong Zhu, no [missing], all seen in *Erya*; Zhong Long Zhu and [name missing] seen in *Guang Zhi*; Tao Zhi Zhu, smooth yellow skin, usable for mats; [name missing] bamboo, dense crisp flesh, small holes, nearly solid, found south of Ancheng; Tao Zhu grows from river stones, usable for staffs; *Bamboo Spectrum* states: All bamboos are hollow, but this one is solid like wood; Li Zhu, vine-like, solid and tough; Han Zhu, large sections hold one hu, small ones hold several dou; Han Zhu, toe-sized, fine insects bite un-shed husks, shed husks turn red like embroidery, lovely; Mu Zhu, from Lingyin Mountain, solid center, connects nodes; Gu Zhu, from Hainan, solid inside, glossy outside; Jin Zhu, gifted by King of Wu to Yue, seen in *Wu Yue Chun Qiu*; Yongjia Daluo Mountain has Long Ya Zhu (Dragon Tooth Bamboo), four to five chi long, sparse nodes, harvesting causes storms/lightning, stops when descending; *Qimin Yaoshu* notes [name missing] bamboo, tasteless shoots; Du Taiqing's *Huai Fu* mentions Bing Lang Zhu (Betel Nut Bamboo); Shendu Kingdom produces [name missing] bamboo, usable for staffs, also Xia Zhu, obtained by Zhang Qian in Dayuan, seen in *Han Shu*, also [name missing] seen in *Guang Zhi*; Xinzhou Shicheng narrow pass, Song Shaoxing era, Prefect Huang Ji planted [name missing] bamboo around it, thorny, impenetrable to pigs; Se Le Zhu, thorny, useful for filing nails, seen in *Lao Xue An Bi Ji*; You Wu Zhu, three to four zhang long, circumference one chi eight or nine cun, usable for pillars, from Jiaozhi, seen in *Nanfang Caomu Zhuang*; Qi Zhu, patterned head, pattern in *Zilin*; Gou Zhu, hairy between nodes, seen in *Linhai Yiwu Zhi*; Wu Jin Zhu, golden color, firm sparse nodes, from Lingnan, seen in Zhu Fazhen's *Luoshan Shu*; Shi Ma Zhu, sharp enough for knives, seen in Pei Yuan's *Guangzhou Ji*; Bao Zhu, usable for cloth, seen in Gu Wei's *Guangzhou Ji*; Shi Xin Zhu (Solid Heart Bamboo), variegated patterns, usable for vessels; Chui Si Zhu (Weeping Silk Bamboo), weak drooping branches, seen in *Yunnan Ji*; Xian Du has Dui Qing Zhu (Pair Green Bamboo), yellow with green grooves, also in Zhejiang, abundant in Kuaiji, called Huang Jin Jian Bi (Gold Between Jade); Yu Zhu, seen in *Yang Man Zhi*; Hu Ju Zhu, seen in *Wuxian County Annals*; [name missing] bamboo, like Ku Zhu, long nodes thin, usable for roof beams; [name missing] bamboo, green skin, white inside like snow, soft/tough for ropes; San Leng Zhu (Three-Edge Bamboo), palm-like, leaf/stem handle three ridges; She Zhu (Shoot Bamboo), usable for arrows; Xi Zhou Yu Quan, before Guigu Zi Cave, bamboo leaves have talisman patterns, unique leaves, ward off disaster, seen in Chen Rihua's *Suo Hui Lu*; Bian Zhu (Flat Bamboo), from Lushan, monk Huiyuan could command spirits and repel snakes, travelers carried it, shoots also flat; Jian An [name missing] Zhu, also Dan Zhu, human figure inside node, one chi long, head and feet visible, large ones fit steamers, shoots also fit targets, seen in *Yi Yuan*; Leizhou has Dian Ban Zhu (Lightning Spotted Bamboo), seen in *Di Li Zhi*; Xiang Mi Zhu, hollow inside producing yellow substance, usable for pills; Yong Zhu, hollow, holds three sheng of rice, also produces yellow, both from Guangzhou; Xin Fu Zhu (New Bride Bamboo), from Wulin, round straight, usable for combs; Gao Pan Zhou has Shu Jie Zhu (Sparse Node Bamboo), five or six chi per node. *Tong Zhi* records good bamboo includes [name missing] Zhu, and Qin Zhou Tong Zhu, straight without nodes, hollow, seen in *Bei Hu Lu*; Guiyang County produces Quan Zhu, large two chi circumference; Jiaozhi has [name missing] Zhu, toxic solid core, used to stab tigers causing death, seen in *Shan Hai Jing* commentary; Chen Zhou has Long Si Zhu (Dragon Silk Bamboo), foot high, needle-thin; wild bamboo in rivers/lakes with tangled insect-like leaves, named Xia Sao Zhu, seen in *Yu Yi Lu*; Dangtu County Cimu Mountain has Xiao Guan Zhu (Flute Pipe Bamboo), round distinct from others, hard short nodes, white frosty skin; Shu Jia Ding produces Yue Zhu (Moon Bamboo), shoots monthly; Hanyang produces [name missing] Zhu, seen in *Nanfang Caomu Zhuang*; Funan has Yun Mu Zhu (Mica Bamboo), one section makes a boat; *Shan Hai Jing* Shun Lin Zhu, one section makes a boat; Luo Yang Zhu, banana-like; Li Mu Zhu, one node per zhang; Lin He Zhu, ten embraces wide; Ren Mian Zhu (Human Face Bamboo), nodes alternating up/down like a face; Guangxi produces Xue Zhu (Snow Bamboo), large spots, red with halos; Shu Fuzhou has Xiang Si Zhu (Love-Sick Bamboo), paired shoots; [name missing] Zhu, *Yiwu Zhi*, Nanfang Silao Kingdom, sharpens nails, Li Shangyin's poem "Nu Jian Mo Qing Shi...", character also written as Se Le, Su Shi poem "Tired looking at Se Le dark village"; He Huan Zhu (Happy Union Bamboo), from Nanyue lower Zhuzhou, Ansi County has Ku Zhu with green/white/purple/yellow colors; Zhejiang has Tian Qin Zhu (Heavenly Kin Bamboo), tips bifurcated; Chengdu Pengxian Dashui Mountain, dragon-head shaped bamboo, colloquially Long Tou Zhu; Jiuyi Mountain has Shuang Shao Zhu (Double Tip Bamboo), splits into two tips at birth, also He Huan Zhu/Di Lu Zhu, evergreen, reed-like; He Xi Zhu (Crane Knee Bamboo), node size like Ku Zhu, Min region calls it Chui Zhu; Shi KT Zhu, from Min, stone-like but smaller; Gu San Zhu, horse-whip nodes, paulownia leaves, palm bark; [name missing] Zhu, from Xiangzhou Wolong Mountain, Zhuge Liang Shrine, hundred zhang long, only tip has leaves, *Xuefeng Yulu*, Xuefeng monastery compared with Jingjiang mountains, hundred li ridge has [name missing] Zhu; Xuanwo Country has Gan Zhu; Shaoshi Mountain has Cuan Qi Zhu; *Guang Zhi* says Yongchang has Han Zhu, three chi circumference, large sections hold one hu; *Shen Yi Jing* southern wilderness has [name missing] Zhu, hundred zhang long, two zhang five or six chi circumference, eight or nine cun thick, makes boats; Shi Zhu (Screen Bamboo), also Tai Ji Zhu, makes boats; Champa Kingdom produces Guan Yin Zhu (Avalokiteshvara Bamboo), vine-like, 18 chi long, black iron color; Kuaiji County has Sun Gong Zhu (Grandfather-Grandson Bamboo), less than a chi high; Yuezhou produces Yue Wang Zhu (King of Yue Bamboo), reed-like, used as drinking counters. Next is Sha Zhu Zhu (Sand Chopstick Bamboo), pickers approach quietly, shrinks into sand at sound; Luofu Mountain has Long Gong Zhu (Dragon Duke Bamboo), seven chi diameter, phoenixes roost there; Zengcheng Ni Mountain produces Suo Luo Zhu (Sal Tree Bamboo), three to four chi circumference, hard for bows; Peng Shan has Fu Yun Zhu (Floating Cloud Bamboo), green leaves; Wu Zhu, pillar material; Fenghua Xingling Mountain bamboo, five inches high, white leaves; Qingjiang County Ruiyun Mountain bamboo, rotten silver color; *Qimin Yaoshu* Wu Zhu, black skin, sweat patterns, purple stem, pearl-like seeds. Guo Pu says: Gui Zhu (Cinnamon Bamboo) from Shixing Xiaogui County, covers dew above, vents wind below, daily produces silk/gold/green, looks like flowers; *Shan Jing* Yun Mountain Gui Zhu, very toxic, fatal, said to be like Gan Zhu with red skin; Fang Zhu (Square Bamboo), *Ningbo Annals*, Ge Xian planted at Dinghai Lingfeng; *Yibu Fangwu Zhi* has Fang Zhu Zan, *Sun Pu* Fang Zhu from Lizhou, Xiyouchuan, Tieye Chenshan North, *Bei Hu Lu* Chengzhou square bamboo, cut-like, stiff, staff material, Gezhou also produces, large several zhang; Hei Zhu (Black Bamboo), West Mountain, two chi long, finger-sized, pure black, dark green leaves, seen in Wen Taishi's *Mo Zhu Ming*, Qishui County Fengqi Mountain Wang Xizhi Washing Brush Pool, cliff small bamboo all black; *Sun Pu* Daozhou Longzhong many Dan Zhu (Red Bamboo), one zhang or eight chi per node, slender swaying, powdery nodes, reddish top; *Zhu Pu* Yidu County Feiyu Kou, large inch or less, bright lovely; Qianyang County also Zhugang, rolling hills cluster red bamboo; *Yun Chuang Za Zhi* Ning Bo Zhu (Condensing Wave Bamboo), Quwu Mountain, purple branches green leaves, pomegranate flowers, lotus seeds, lightens body, Zhao Feiyan danced on palms eating these seeds; *Gu Man Lu* Zhang Tang says: Same county Anfuxi Township, Zhou Junshe family, Twelve Hours Bamboo, nodes protrude with Zi Chou Yin Mao twelve Earthly Branch characters, countable strokes; *Qing Yi Lu* Jingnan Judge Liu Huo, resigned to Qinlong, kept dozen large bamboo pieces, sliced for guests to brew, spicy like clove, insisted name is Ding Xiang Zhu (Clove Bamboo), not Chinese origin; *Kui Che Zhi* Shaoxing era, Siming merchant sea voyage blocked by wind, climbed mountain peak, found temple, window bamboo few, red leaves/branches, merchant begged for poles, cut for staffs, knife scraping produced light, heart strange, arrived country, old man said: You visited Putuoluojia Mountain Avalokiteshvara seat, Sandalwood Forest Purple Bamboo, merchant shocked/regretted, took scrap discarded rest, stored treasure, chronic illness no medicine cured, decoction drunk immediately healed. Also bamboo-like different names: Lian (Toona), Zong (Palm), different categories; varieties繁多, medicinal use prefers [name missing] Zhu, next Dan/Ku two types, another thin shell called Gan Zhu (Sweet Bamboo), leaves best.
My father's broad discussion says: Easy to grow, hollow with nodes, nature sparse/smooth, sheltering solitude, evergreen in winter, thriving in spring, truly a hermit sage. Also: Autumn deep draws roots, winter half nurtures shoots, yet born in pairs, slightly staggered emergence. Spring Equinox ten mature bamboo, branches even, leaves triple, straight up air, embodying Wood containing Fire image. Thus shoots can induce sores, juice clears meridians, Ru main vomit/hiccup, leaves clear vexation/heat, all penetrating Wood/Fire limitations.
Also: Remove outer skin layer, take green-white intersection called "Ru", this bamboo Qi penetrates up/down, surface/interior, using it clears upper/lower, makes Qi clear, reaches surface/interior without sudden urgency.
Also: Directly reaches hollow center, extracts water/earth force swiftly, juice is bamboo water, texture like skin pores, node boundaries like meridians, thus hollow nodes are not return-less. If disease long thirst, nodes block flow; vexation, flow without nodes; Bamboo Juice power, node interaction, thus thirst solved, vexation calmed. But Bamboo Juice flows with nodes, direct power dominant, must assist with Ginger Juice, then horizontal spread, fully utilizing Wood/Fire function.
[Discussion] Says: Bamboo is object with sinew/nodes. So Sinew/Node characters derive from Bamboo. Bamboo consists of two parts, branches pair, leaves triple, image of Fire Two Wood Three. Likes Southeast, Nine Rivers rare, divination: *Erya Yi* says Xun is Bamboo. *Yi Xi* says Zhen is Bamboo, young bamboo. Shows things gather by kind. Stem nodes, nodes branches, branches triple nodes again, like three periods forming node. Thus governs period lost token, causing Qi rebellion/overflow, or frost/dew not falling, then depression not flourishing, causing tendon spasm/thirst. Solid connects spirit, lightens body benefits Qi, bamboo sixty years flowers, exhausting Stems/Branches changes. Guest says: I see leaves year one form, year two lush, year three dense, year four thin, year five sparse, year six wither. Never saw sixty years flowering. I say: Ancients meant proper spacing, root cycle, not just one stem life/death. Guest says: Nodes formed at birth, how match four seasons? I say: Winter half pregnant, Spring half born, Summer half replace leaves, Autumn half draw roots, four Qi distinct, not just emergence time for life. (*Shu Yi Ji* says: Wei state Qi Garden bamboo, on Qi River. *Pi Ya* says: Qi Garden bamboo, cut Qi Garden bamboo for arrows, Qi Garden, Yin Zhou arrow garden. Qi bamboo production land suitable, thus poet praises Duke Wu virtue.)
(Xie Zhuang says: Straight not rigid, weak not deficient, fragrant gardens, flute clouds, praised Chu Tan, beautiful quality pool.)
(Jiang Yan says: Beautiful bamboo, natural posture, hollow Dao image, round heaven ritual, clan Pujian.)
(Liu Kuanfu says: Hard matches pine/cypress, strong braves frost/snow, dense hides smoke, sparse leaks moon, charming play, strong...)
(Bai Juyi says: Bamboo like Kidney? Why? Root solid, solid builds virtue, gentleman sees root thinks steadfast establishment. Nature straight, straight stands self, gentleman sees nature thinks impartial standing. Nature hollow, hollow embodies Dao, gentleman sees thought thinks empty reception. Node chaste, chaste sets will, gentleman sees node thinks tempering conduct consistent in danger/safety. Thus gentlemen plant as courtyard reality. Bamboo, plant. What relation to humans? Like worthy, people cherish/plant. Bamboo true worthy? Then bamboo/grass like worthy/commoners. Bamboo cannot distinguish itself, only people distinguish it, worthy cannot distinguish self, only employing worthy distinguishes it. Thus record to inform today's employing worthy.)
(Wang Yangming says: Bamboo has four gentleman ways: Hollow quiet, connected spaced, gentleman virtue; External node straight, four seasons leaves unchanged, gentleman conduct; Responds hibernation emerges, meets summer hides, rain/snow dark/light suitable, gentleman timing; Clear wind arrives, jade chime sounds, matches music, bows respects, like Confucius disciples gathering, wind stops silence, stands independent, unbowed, like Yu court lords, formal hats, hall sides, gentleman appearance. Bamboo has these four, named gentleman, not unworthy of name.)