（宋开宝）
【气味】辛大温，无毒。
【主治】主温中，下气，补腰脚，杀腥气，消食，除胃冷，阴疝癖。
【核】曰∶荜茇，番语也。陈藏器本草作毕勃；扶南传作逼拨；大明会与作毕茇；摩伽
陀国作荜拨梨；拂 国作阿梨诃陀；近世作荜拨。不知荜茇名矣。原出波斯国，今岭南特有
之。多生竹林内，二月抽苗作丛，高三四尺茎如箸。叶如蕺，色青形圆，阔二三寸，亦如桑，
面光且浓。三月开花，白色在表。七月结子，如小指大，长二寸许，色青黑，类椹子而长。
根如茈葫，但黑硬耳。九月采实曝干，南人爱其辛芳，取叶生茹之。舶上来者，色臭更胜也。
段成式言；青州防风子，可乱荜茇，但形短耳。修事，去挺用头，醋浸一宿，焙干，刮去皮
粟子令净，否则伤人肺，令人上气也。
【 】曰∶毕者用以掩兔，羽猎赋云∶荷垂天之毕也；茇者走犬，曳其足则茇矣。味大
辛，气大温，故主温中，对待冷阴至坚，下气其验也。杀腥气者， 金气、肺主气，肺臭腥
故也。攻而举之，若网罗之殆尽，盖以功力为名也。
（嫌于无阳者，乃可攻而举之。否则略开一面，庶不至网罗殆尽。）
（宋开宝）
【气味】苦平，无毒。
【主治】主止泄，除睡，强筋，益气力。久服轻身长年，令人不饥，变白却老。
【核】曰∶生嵩高少室，今江左吴楚山中皆有，亦可植之庭除。《图经》名南天烛。古
今诗话云∶即杨桐也。其种似木而类草，故又名南烛草木。男续、后草、猴药、维那木、草
木之王凡六，各从邦域所称，正名则南烛也。本至难长，初生似菘菜，一纪后渐长成株，高
三四尺，亦有盈丈者。茎似蒴 ，枝节微紫，质极柔脆，易于摧折。叶似山矾，光泽圆浓，
冬夏尝青，其味少酢。七月开花结实，生青熟紫，得霜则绛赤如丹，酸美可食也。
先人云∶临水者尤茂，寒食采其叶，渍水染饭，色青而光，能资阳气，大获嘉美。
【 】曰∶具木体用，而曰南烛者，地中有木，南征吉也。烛者庭燎，与贞明不息也。
观主除睡，则得之矣。肝主色，肝色青；筋者肝之合也。故主强筋，变白却老，亦若食气入
胃，散精于肝，淫气于筋也。故久服不饥，益气力，轻身长年。一名男续，一名后草。又不
独培色身之形脏，并可令精气溢泻而有子。一名草木之王，王读旺，谓其偏于升出，各旺百
八十日以成岁，不雕之义见矣。
（服草木之王，气与神通，食青烛之精，命不复殒。岂属寓言，徒供观听。）
（宋开宝）
【气味】辛味，大温性，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗中焦虚寒，降逆下气，补益腰膝，消除腥膻气味，帮助消化，去除胃中寒气，治疗阴疝及癖积。
【核】曰：荜茇是外来语言的音译。陈藏器的《本草》写作“毕勃”；《扶南传》写作“逼拨”；《大明会》写作“毕茇”；摩伽陀国称为“荜拨梨”；拂菻国称为“阿梨诃陀”；近代称为“荜拨”。不知道荜茇这个名字的由来。它原产于波斯国，现在岭南地区特有生长。多生长在竹林内，二月抽出苗芽成丛，高三四尺，茎像筷子一样。叶子像鱼腥草，颜色青绿形状圆，宽二三寸，也像桑叶，表面光滑且浓密。三月开花，白色在表面。七月结子，像小指头那么大，长约二寸左右，颜色青黑，类似桑葚但更长。根像紫葱，只是更黑更硬罢了。九月采集果实晒干，南方人喜爱它的辛辣芳香，取叶子生吃。从海外船运来的，颜色和气味更好。段成式说：青州的防风子，可以冒充荜茇，只是形状短一些而已。炮制加工时，去掉茎部只用头部，用醋浸泡一夜，焙干，刮去外皮和粟米状的颗粒使其干净，否则伤害人的肺，导致气逆上冲。
（宋开宝）
【气味】苦味，平性，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗止泻，消除睡意，强健筋骨，益气力。长期服用能轻身延年，让人不感到饥饿，使头发变白逆转衰老。
【核】曰：生长在嵩山少室山，现在江东吴楚地区的山中都有，也可以种植在庭院台阶旁。《图经》称为“南天烛”。古今诗话中说：就是杨桐。它的种类像树木但类同草本，所以又名南烛草木。男续、后草、猴药、维那木、草木之王这六个名字，各地称呼不同，正名则是南烛。它本来很难生长，初生时像白菜，十二年后逐渐长成植株，高三四尺，也有超过一丈的。茎像蒴藋，枝节微紫，质地极柔脆，容易折断。叶子像山矾，光泽圆润浓密，冬夏常绿，味道略带酸味。七月开花结果，生时青色熟时紫色，受霜后变成绛红色如丹砂，酸美可食用。
先人说：临水生长的尤其茂盛，寒食节采集它的叶子，浸泡水染饭，颜色青而光亮，能资助阳气，效果很好。
【 】曰：具备木体的作用，称为南烛，是因为地中有木，向南征伐吉利。烛是指庭燎，与贞明不息有关。观察主治除睡的功能，就明白了。肝主色，肝色青；筋是肝的外合。所以主要强健筋骨，变白却老，也像是食物进入胃后，将精微散布于肝，滋养筋脉。所以长期服用不饥饿，益气力，轻身延年。一名男续，一名后草。不仅培养色身的形体脏腑，还可以让精气充盈而有子嗣。一名草木之王，“王”读作“旺”，谓其偏向升发外出，每年旺盛一百八十日以成岁，不凋零的意义就在这里。
（服用草木之王，气与神通，食用青烛的精气，生命不再陨落。难道属于寓言，仅供观赏听闻吗？）
(Song Kai Bao)
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, Greatly Warm, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats middle jiao coldness, directs rebellious qi downward, tonifies the waist and knees, eliminates fishy odors, aids digestion, removes stomach cold, and treats yin hernia and fixed masses (Yin Hernia and Pi Masses).
[Analysis] Says: "Bibo" is a transliteration from foreign languages. Chen Zangqi's *Bencao* writes it as "Bi Bo"; *Funan Zhuan* writes it as "Bi Bo"; *Daming Hui* writes it as "Bi Ba"; Mogaduo Country calls it "Bi Bo Li"; Fulin Country calls it "Ali Ke Tuo"; modern times call it "Bi Bo". The origin of the name "Bibo" is unknown. It originally came from Persia, and is now unique to the Lingnan region. It grows mostly within bamboo forests, sprouting in clusters in February, reaching three or four chi in height, with stems like chopsticks. Leaves resemble Houttuynia (Yu Xing Cao), green in color and round in shape, two to three cun wide, also similar to mulberry leaves, smooth and dense on the surface. Flowers bloom in March, white on the surface. Fruits form in July, about the size of a little finger, approximately two cun long, green-black in color, resembling mulberries but longer. Roots resemble Allium macrostemon (Zi Hu), but are blacker and harder. In September, fruits are harvested and sun-dried. Southerners love its pungent fragrance and eat the leaves raw. Those imported by ship have superior color and odor. Duan Chengshi stated that Fangfeng seeds from Qingzhou can be used to counterfeit Bibo, but they are shorter in shape. For processing, remove the stem and use only the head, soak in vinegar overnight, bake dry, scrape off the skin and millet-like granules until clean; otherwise, it damages the lungs and causes qi rebellion upward.
(Song Kai Bao)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, Neutral, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats diarrhea, eliminates sleepiness, strengthens sinews, and benefits qi and strength. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life, prevents hunger, reverses graying hair, and delays aging.
[Analysis] Says: Grows on Mount Song and Mount Shishi, and is now found in the mountains of Jiangdong, Wu, and Chu regions; it can also be planted in courtyards and steps. *Tu Jing* names it "Nan Tian Zhu". Ancient and modern poetry discussions state it is Yang Tong. Its species resembles trees but is herbaceous, hence also named Nan Zhu Cao Mu. Names such as Nan Xu, Hou Cao, Hou Yao, Wei Na Mu, and King of Grass and Trees vary by region; the correct name is Nan Zhu. It is difficult to grow initially, resembling Chinese cabbage when young, taking twelve years to gradually mature into a plant three to four chi high, some exceeding one zhang. Stems resemble Capsule (Shuo Xiao), branches slightly purple, extremely soft and brittle, easy to break. Leaves resemble Symplocos (Shan Fan), glossy, round, and dense, evergreen in winter and summer, with a slightly sour taste. Flowers and fruits appear in July, green when fresh and purple when ripe, turning crimson like cinnabar after frost, sour and delicious for eating.
My ancestors said: Those growing near water are particularly lush. On Cold Food Festival, leaves are collected, soaked in water to dye rice, resulting in a shiny green color, which boosts yang qi and yields excellent results.
[Commentary] Says: Possessing the properties of wood, it is called Nan Zhu because "wood within the earth signifies auspiciousness in the south." Zhu refers to courtyard torches, symbolizing perpetual brightness. Observing its indication to eliminate sleepiness reveals this principle. The Liver governs color, and its color is green; sinews are the exterior correspondence of the Liver. Thus, it primarily strengthens sinews, reverses graying, and delays aging, similar to how food essence enters the stomach, disperses to the Liver, and nourishes the sinews. Hence, long-term consumption prevents hunger, benefits qi and strength, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Also known as Nan Xu and Hou Cao. It not only nurtures the physical form and zang-fu organs but also allows essence and qi to overflow, facilitating procreation. Known as the King of Grass and Trees; "Wang" is pronounced "Wang" (prosperous), indicating its tendency to ascend and emerge, prospering for 180 days each year, signifying the meaning of non-withering.
(Consuming the King of Grass and Trees aligns qi with spirit; ingesting the essence of green torches ensures life does not perish. Is this merely an allegory for entertainment?)