（本经上品）
昌，目光也。时云∶美目昌兮，此窍更切。
【气味】辛温，无毒。
【主治】主风寒湿痹，咳逆上气，开心孔，补五脏，通九窍，明耳目，出音声。久服不
忘，不迷惑，延年。
【核】曰∶菖蒲，一名昌阳、尧韭、水剑草。运斗枢云∶玉衡星散为菖蒲。典术云∶尧
时天降精于庭为韭，感百阴之气为菖。生上雒石涧间，池州、戎州蛮谷中者亦佳，所在亦有。
月令云∶冬至后五旬七日，菖始生，百草之先生者也，于是始耕。喜生逆水，根茎络石，略
无少土，稍有泥滓，即便凋萎。叶心有脊如剑，四时长青，新旧相代。新者从茎端抽发，旧
者从茎末退去。一叶一节，节稀茎长，节密茎短，茎昂者茎端生叶，茎仆者节旁分枝，洁白
下生者为根，翠碧有节者为茎，有以根为须，茎为根者，因茎枝延蔓布石故尔。望夏作花黄
色、紫色者尤善。以茎瘦节密折之中心微赤，嚼之辛香少滓者，入药最良。以砂石栽之，旦
暮易水则易茂，春夏愈摘则愈细，叶仅长寸许，甚有短至一二分者，别有香苗、挺秀、金钱、
台蒲诸种甚奇。而香苗之最细者，曰虎须，尤可娱目。东坡云∶凡草生石上者，必须微土以
附其根，唯石菖蒲，濯去泥土，渍以清水置盆中，可数十年不枯不死。节叶转坚瘦，根
联系，忍冬淡泊，苍然几案，延年之功，信非虚语。神隐书云∶石菖蒲，置几案间，夜
坐诵读烟收其上，不致损目。或置星月下，每旦取叶尖珠露洗目，不月功能明目，久之白昼
可见星斗。修治，以铜刀刮去黄黑皮，及硬节，同嫩桑枝相拌蒸熟，日中曝干，勿得误用形
如竹鞭及色黑气臭味腥者。秦皮、秦艽为之使。恶地胆、麻黄。忌饴糖、羊肉。勿犯铁器，
令人吐逆。
缪仲淳先生云∶阳精芳草，辛温四达，充百邪，散邪结，壅遏既彻，九窍应之而通。用
资宣道，臻乎太和。仙家服食，药之上品上生者也。先人云∶万物资生于阴，必资始于阳。
以阴感阳而盛，故曰昌阳。又云∶蒲性幽洁，不喜近人，不染尘垢，得其情性，长生长青。
苟失其所，立见凋痿。又云∶蒲叶皆偶，九节为奇，过不及，皆非中节。又云∶在阴在脉之
痹，乃湿乃风之因，咸能使之开发，设寒本专令，取效更捷。绍隆王先生云∶菖蒲得道种智，
不
【 】曰∶水土合和，抽为草木。唯菖蒲全得生阳之气，吮拔水液，盘络砂石，不假地
土之力，昌美溪浦之间，故名菖蒲。以治病之用言，当号昌阳。以发生之体言，当号阳昌。
痹者，闭塞不通，风寒湿三种，相合而成。咳逆上气者，此毫窍固拒，肺气壅遏，两相搏击，
以致喘咳。菖蒲味辛气温，宣通开发，使一身之气，起亟旋展，郁痹喘咳，当自舒矣。痹证
有五，菖蒲独宜脉痹。取象形从治，则易于分解。又观菖叶两岐，菖茎盘络，悉从中心透发，
故能开人心孔，而心孔为诸脉络之宗主，其挛结屈曲之状俨似之。背阳喜阴，臭之爽朗，当
补五脏之用，非补五脏之体，以用行则窍通也。明耳目者，通九窍之验。出音声，不忘，不
迷惑者，开心孔之验。蒲性幽洁，挺秀长生，故为延年之药。
（从茎中抽叶处，看破开心孔。又从茎枝盘结处，配合心主包络，即种种识症法，亦咸
从生成中体会来，不惟说破至理，并说破看法。）
（染太祖后张氏，忽见庭前菖蒲生花，光彩照灼，非世所有，惊谓侍者曰∶见否？曰∶
不见。
【本经上品】
“昌”，意为目光明亮。陶弘景说：“美目盼兮”，这个解释更为贴切。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗风寒湿痹阻，咳嗽气逆上冲，开通心窍，补益五脏，疏通九窍，使耳目聪明，声音洪亮。长期服用不会遗忘，不致迷惑，能够延年益寿。
【考证】曰：菖蒲，又名昌阳、尧韭、水剑草。《运斗枢》说：玉衡星的气散化为菖蒲。《典术》说：尧帝时期，天降精气于庭院化为韭菜，感应百阴之气成为菖。生长在洛阳石涧间的，以及池州、戎州蛮谷中的品质也很好，各地也有出产。《月令》说：冬至后五十七天，菖蒲开始生长，是百草中先生长的，此时开始耕作。喜欢生长在逆流的水边，根茎缠绕在石头上，几乎没有土壤，稍有泥滓就会凋萎。叶心有脊像剑一样，四季常青，新旧交替。新的从茎端抽出，旧的从茎末退去。一叶一节，节稀疏则茎长，节密集则茎短，茎昂起的茎端生叶，茎倒伏的节旁分枝，洁白向下生长的是根，翠绿有节的是茎，有人把根当作须，茎当作根，是因为茎枝蔓延铺在石头上的缘故。望夏开花，黄色、紫色的尤其好。以茎瘦节密，折断后中心微红，咀嚼时辛香少渣的，入药最好。用砂石栽种，早晚换水就容易茂盛，春夏越采摘就越细，叶仅长一寸左右，甚至有短到一二分的，另有香苗、挺秀、金钱、台蒲等品种非常奇特。而香苗中最细的，叫虎须，尤其可以娱悦双目。苏东坡说：凡是草生在石头上，必须有一点微土来附着根部，只有石菖蒲，洗去泥土，浸泡在清水中放在盆里，可以几十年不枯不死。节叶变得坚硬消瘦，根系连接，耐寒淡泊，苍翠置于案头，延年的功效，确实不是虚言。《神隐书》说：石菖蒲，放置在几案间，夜晚坐着诵读，烟气收聚在上面，不会损伤眼睛。或者放置在星月下，每天早晨取叶尖的露珠洗眼，不久就能明目，久而久之白天也能看见星斗。修治方法，用铜刀刮去黄黑皮及硬节，同嫩桑枝拌在一起蒸熟，在阳光下晒干，不要误用形状像竹鞭且颜色黑气味腥臭的。秦皮、秦艽作为它的引经药（使药）。忌用地胆、麻黄。禁忌饴糖、羊肉。不要接触铁器，否则令人呕吐。
缪仲淳先生说：阳精芳草，辛温之气四达，充塞百邪，消散邪结，壅遏既除，九窍随之通畅。用来资助宣通之道，达到太和境界。仙人服食，是药之上品，生于石上者也。先人说：万物资生于阴，必始于阳。因阴感阳而盛，所以叫昌阳。又说：蒲性幽洁，不喜欢靠近人，不染尘垢，得其性情，长久生长常青。如果失去适宜的环境，立刻凋萎。又说：蒲叶都是双数的，九节为奇数，超过或不足，都不符合中节。又说：在阴在脉的痹证，乃是湿和风的原因，都能使之开发，假如寒邪专令，取效更快。绍隆王先生说：菖蒲得道种智，不
【 】曰：水土合和，抽发为草木。只有菖蒲完全得到生阳之气，吮拔水液，盘络砂石，不借助地土之力，在溪浦之间昌盛美丽，所以名叫菖蒲。从治病的作用来说，应当称为昌阳。从发生本体来说，应当称为阳昌。痹，是闭塞不通，风寒湿三种邪气，相合而成。咳逆上气，是因为毫窍固拒，肺气壅遏，两者相搏击，导致喘咳。菖蒲味辛气温，宣通开发，使一身之气，迅速旋转舒展，郁痹喘咳，自然舒缓了。痹证有五种，菖蒲独宜于脉痹。取象形从治，则易于分解。又看菖叶两歧，菖茎盘络，都从中心透发，所以能开心孔，而心孔是诸脉络的宗主，其挛结屈曲的形状很像它。背阳喜阴，气味爽朗，应当补益五脏的功能，而不是补益五脏的形体，因为功能运行则窍通。明耳目，是通九窍的验证。出音声，不忘，不迷惑，是开心孔的验证。蒲性幽洁，挺秀长生，所以是延年的药物。
（从茎中抽叶处，看破开心孔。又从茎枝盘结处，配合心主包络，即种种识症法，也都从生成中体会而来，不仅说破至理，也说破看法。）
（染太祖后的张氏，忽然看见庭前菖蒲开花，光彩照灼，不是世间所有，惊讶地对侍者说：看见了没？回答说：没看见。）
[Shangpin (Superior Category) of the Classic of Materia Medica]
"Chang" means bright eyes. Tao Hongjing said: "Beautiful eyes gaze," this explanation is more apt.
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats Bi syndrome caused by wind-cold-dampness, cough with rebellious Qi ascending, opens the orifices of the heart, tonifies the five Zang organs, unblocks the nine orifices, clarifies the ears and eyes, and produces voice. Long-term use prevents forgetfulness, avoids confusion, and promotes longevity.
[Verification] It is said: *Acorus tatarinowii* (Changpu), also known as Changyang, Yaojiu (Yao's Leek), Shuijiancao (Water Sword Grass). *Yundoushu* states: The energy of the Yuheng Star disperses to form *Acorus*. *Dianshu* states: During the time of Emperor Yao, celestial essence descended into the courtyard to become leeks, and sensing the Qi of a hundred Yin energies, it became *Acorus*. Those growing in the rocky streams of Shangluo, as well as those in the barbarian valleys of Chizhou and Rongzhou, are also of good quality; they are found everywhere. *Yueling* states: Fifty-seven days after the Winter Solstice, *Acorus* begins to sprout; it is the first among all herbs to grow, and at this time farming begins. It prefers to grow in reverse-flowing water, with roots and rhizomes entangling rocks, having almost no soil; if there is even a little mud, it withers easily. The leaf has a midrib like a sword, stays green year-round, and new leaves replace old ones. New leaves sprout from the stem tip, while old ones recede from the stem base. One leaf per node; sparse nodes mean long stems, dense nodes mean short stems. Stems that stand upright produce leaves at the tip; stems that lie flat branch out from the nodes. White parts growing downward are roots; green, jointed parts are stems. Some consider roots as fibrils and stems as roots, because the stems and branches spread over the stones. In summer, flowers appear; yellow and purple varieties are especially good. For medicinal use, the best quality has slender stems, dense nodes, a slightly reddish center when broken, and a pungent fragrance with few residues when chewed. When planted in sand and stones, changing water morning and evening makes it thrive; picking it in spring and summer makes it finer, with leaves only about one cun long, sometimes as short as one or two fen. There are other varieties such as Xiangmiao, Tingxiu, Jinqian, and Taipu, which are quite unique. The finest of the fragrant varieties is called Huxu (Tiger Whisker), which is particularly pleasing to the eye. Su Dongpo said: Generally, grass growing on rocks must have a little soil to attach its roots, but only *Shi Changpu* (Rock Acorus), washed clean of dirt and soaked in clear water in a basin, can remain alive for decades without withering. Its nodes and leaves become hard and slender, roots connect, enduring cold and remaining bland, standing verdant on the desk; its efficacy in promoting longevity is indeed not empty words. *Shenyinshu* states: Place *Shi Changpu* on the desk; when reading at night, the smoke gathers above it, preventing eye damage. Or place it under the stars and moon; every morning, take the dew drops from the leaf tips to wash the eyes. Soon it will clarify vision, and after a long time, one can see stars during the day. Processing method: Scrape off the yellow-black skin and hard nodes with a copper knife, mix with tender mulberry branches, steam until cooked, dry in the sun. Do not mistakenly use those shaped like bamboo rhizomes with black color and fishy odor. Qinpi (*Cortex Fraxini*) and Qinjiao (*Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae*) act as guiding herbs (Shi). It clashes with Didan (*Radix Bupleuri*? Note: Context implies specific incompatibility) and Mahuang (*Ephedrae Herba*). Avoid Yi Tang (*Maltose*) and mutton. Do not contact iron vessels, as it causes vomiting.
Mr. Miu Zhongchun said: Yang essence and fragrant grass, with pungent and warm Qi reaching in all directions, fills and repels evil pathogens, dissipates pathological accumulations; once obstruction is cleared, the nine orifices follow suit and become unblocked. It aids the dissemination of Dao, reaching supreme harmony. Immortals consume it; it is a superior herb, growing on rocks. My ancestors said: All things are nourished by Yin but initiated by Yang. Because Yin senses Yang to flourish, it is called Changyang. Furthermore: The nature of Pu is secluded and pure, disliking proximity to humans, unstained by dust; grasping its temperament, it grows long and remains evergreen. If deprived of its proper environment, it withers immediately. Also: Pu leaves are always paired (even numbers); nine nodes constitute an odd number. Exceeding or falling short does not meet the "middle node" standard. Also: Bi syndromes located in Yin and meridians are caused by dampness and wind; [Pu] can open them up. If Cold were the sole cause, the effect would be faster. Mr. Shaolong Wang said: *Acorus* possesses the wisdom of the Dao...
[ ] Says: Water and earth harmonize, sprouting into plants. Only *Acorus* fully obtains the Qi of generating Yang, sucking up water fluids, entangling sand and stones, without relying on the power of earth soil. It flourishes beautifully in streams and banks, hence named *Changpu*. Regarding its therapeutic use, it should be called Changyang. Regarding its generative body, it should be called Yangchang. Bi refers to blockage and obstruction, formed by the combination of wind, cold, and dampness. Cough with rebellious Qi occurs because the hair pores resist firmly, Lung Qi is obstructed, and the two contend, leading to wheezing and coughing. *Acorus* has a pungent flavor and warm nature, disseminating and opening up, causing the Qi of the whole body to rise and rotate rapidly, so that stagnant Bi and wheezing/coughing will naturally relax. There are five types of Bi syndromes; *Acorus* is specifically suitable for Mai Bi (Vessel Bi). Taking images and treating according to form facilitates resolution. Observing that Pu leaves are bifid and Pu stems are entangled, all emerging from the center, it can therefore open the Heart orifice. The Heart orifice is the master of all vessel networks, and its contracted, twisted shape resembles the plant. Backing Yang and preferring Yin, with a crisp odor, it should tonify the function of the Five Zang organs, not their physical substance, because when function operates, orifices unblock. Clarifying ears and eyes is the verification of unblocking the nine orifices. Producing voice, preventing forgetfulness, and avoiding confusion are verifications of opening the Heart orifice. The nature of Pu is secluded and pure, upright and long-lived, thus it is a herb for prolonging life.
(From the point where leaves sprout from the stem, understand how it opens the Heart orifice. From the entanglement of stems and branches, correlate with the Pericardium governing the Heart; thus, various methods of recognizing symptoms are experienced through generation, not only revealing profound principles but also revealing ways of seeing.)
(Zhang Shi, posthumously honored by Emperor Taizu, suddenly saw flowers blooming on the *Acorus* in the courtyard, shining with brilliance, unlike anything in the world. Surprised, she said to her attendants: Did you see it? They replied: We did not see it.)