（别录中品）
【气味】甘平，无毒。
【主治】主补中，益气。
【核】曰∶出荆、郢州，及汴、雒、河、陕间。待暑而种，与植谷同时，覆土锄治，皆
如禾法，但早登为别异也。月令仲夏之月，农既登黍矣。天子以雏尝黍羞，与含桃先荐寝庙。
其
其苗大体似稷，故诗云∶彼黍离离，彼稷之苗，其秀成枝而舒散，一稃二米，两
粒并均，虽地有肥瘠，岁有凶穣，大小轻重，略无差等。色玄者 ，色黄者 ，故累 定律
，郁成 ，此嘉谷也。
【 】曰∶黍者百谷之精，禀天地中和之气以生，故一稃二米，均无差等。象太极之两
仪，是以之定律，为阴阳衡量之始，他谷所不及也。主补中益气者，盖音始于宫。宫，土音
也。其数八十一，其声最大而中，声出于脾，合口而通之，四体百骸，动皆中节。
（别录中品）
【气味】甘寒，无毒。
【主治】主益气，补不足。
【核】曰∶稷与黍同类而异种。故其苗俱似粟，而低小有毛，秀特舒散，米粒悦泽。一
稃一米，米粒稍肥者稷也；一稃二米，米粒稍细者黍也。但稷刈欲早，植黍欲晚，故古者号
稷为首种，成熟亦早，作 则疏爽而香，贵而为五谷之长，尊而配大社之神。陶唐之世，名
农官为后稷者以此。吕氏春秋云∶ 之美者，有阳山之 。高诱注云∶关西谓之KT （音
糜），冀州谓之 （音牵），广雅云∶ ， 也。礼记云∶稷曰明粢。尔雅云∶粢，稷也。故
本草
【 】曰∶稷为脾谷，五谷之长也。五行土为尊，故五谷稷为长，遍历四气，土大季旺
故尔。是能宜脾利胃，安中益气，补诸不足也。至若解暑，以将来者进，成功者退，凉血故
宜。
（《名医别录》列为中品）
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】主要功效为补益脾胃，益气。
【核证】曰：黍产于荆州、郢州，以及汴州、洛阳、黄河、陕州一带。在暑热时节播种，与种植谷子的时间相同，覆盖土壤和锄草管理的方法都如同种稻禾一样，只是成熟较早作为区别。《月令》记载仲夏之月，农民已经收获黍了。天子用雏鸡和黍米做成的食物，连同樱桃一起先供奉于宗庙。
它的苗大体上像稷，所以《诗经》说：“彼黍离离，彼稷之苗。”黍的穗子长成枝条并舒展分散，一个稃壳里有两粒米，两粒大小均匀，虽然土地有肥沃贫瘠之分，年份有荒年丰年之别，但米粒的大小轻重几乎没有差别。颜色有黑色的，有黄色的，所以历代制定音律时，用它来郁结成管（律管），这是嘉美的谷物。
【发明】曰：黍是百谷中的精华，禀受天地中和之气而生，所以一个稃壳里有两粒米，均匀没有差别。这象征着太极的两仪，因此用它来制定音律，作为阴阳衡量的开始，其他谷物比不上它。主要功效是补中益气，大概因为声音始于宫音。宫，是土的声音。其数为八十一，其声音最大且居中，声音出于脾，合口而通之，四肢百骸，动作都合乎节度。
（《名医别录》列为中品）
【气味】味甘，性寒，无毒。
【主治】主要功效为益气，补益不足。
【核证】曰：稷与黍同类但不同种。所以它们的苗都像粟，但低矮细小且有毛，穗子特别舒展分散，米粒光泽悦目。一个稃壳里有一粒米的，米粒稍肥的是稷；一个稃壳里有两粒米的，米粒稍细的是黍。但是收割稷要早，种植黍要晚，所以古时候称稷为首种作物，成熟也早，做粥则疏爽而香，珍贵而被视为五谷之长，尊贵地配享大社之神。陶唐氏时代，将农官命名为后稷的原因就在这里。《吕氏春秋》说：“美味之物，有阳山的稷。”高诱注释说：“关西叫作KT（音同糜），冀州叫作（音同牵），《广雅》说：，就是稷。《礼记》说：稷叫做明粢。《尔雅》说：粢，就是稷。所以本草……”
【发明】曰：稷是脾之谷，是五谷之长。五行中土为尊，所以五谷中稷为长，遍历四气，土旺于四季之末，所以如此。因此它能适宜脾脏，利导胃腑，安和中焦，益气，补益各种不足。至于解暑的功效，是因为“以将来者进，成功者退”的道理，能凉血，所以适宜。
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Mingyi Bielu*)
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily tonifies the middle jiao (middle energizer) and supplements qi.
[Analysis] Says: It grows in Jingzhou, Yingzhou, and between Bianzhou, Luoyang, the Yellow River, and Shanzhou. It is planted during the hot weather, at the same time as planting millet (Setaria italica). Covering with soil and weeding are done according to the methods for rice, differing only in that it matures earlier. The *Monthly Ordinances* state that in the second month of summer, farmers have already harvested shu (broomcorn millet). The Son of Heaven offers dishes made from young chickens and shu, along with cherries, first presenting them to the ancestral temples.
Its seedlings generally resemble those of ji (foxtail millet), hence the *Book of Songs* says: "There stands the broomcorn millet, lush and green; there are the seedlings of foxtail millet." Its panicles grow into branches and spread out; each husk contains two grains, which are equal in size. Regardless of whether the land is fertile or barren, or whether the year is poor or abundant, there is little difference in the size and weight of the grains. Some are black, some are yellow. Therefore, in establishing musical standards, they were compressed to form tubes (pitch pipes); this is a fine grain.
[Elucidation] Says: Shu is the essence among the hundred grains, born from the harmonious qi of heaven and earth. Thus, one husk contains two grains, uniform without disparity. It symbolizes the Two Modes (Liangyi) of the Supreme Ultimate. Hence, it is used to establish pitch standards, serving as the beginning of measuring yin and yang, surpassing other grains. Its main function of tonifying the middle and supplementing qi is perhaps because sound begins with the Gong tone. Gong is the tone of Earth. Its number is 81, its sound is the largest and central, originating from the Spleen. When the mouth is closed and the sound resonates, the movements of the four limbs and all bones and joints will be in harmony with rhythm.
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Mingyi Bielu*)
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily supplements qi and tonifies deficiencies.
[Analysis] Says: Ji (foxtail millet) and shu (broomcorn millet) are of the same category but different species. Thus, their seedlings both resemble those of common millet (Panicum miliaceum), but are lower and smaller with hairs. Their panicles are particularly spreading, and the grains are lustrous. One husk containing one grain, where the grain is slightly plumper, is ji; one husk containing two grains, where the grain is slightly finer, is shu. However, ji should be harvested early, while shu should be planted late. Therefore, in ancient times, ji was called the "first-seeded" crop, maturing early as well. When made into porridge, it is light and fragrant. It is highly valued as the head of the five grains and honored to be paired with the deity of the Great Altar of Soil. During the era of Emperor Tang (Yao), the agricultural official was named Houji (Lord of Millet) for this reason. The *Lüshi Chunqiu* states: "Among delicious foods, there is the ji of Yang Mountain." Gao You's commentary notes: "In Guanzhong, it is called KT (pronounced mi), in Jizhou it is called [character missing/obscure] (pronounced qian). The *Guangya* states: [character], is ji. The *Book of Rites* says: Ji is called Mingzi. The *Erya* says: Zi is ji. Therefore, the Materia Medica..."
[Elucidation] Says: Ji is the grain corresponding to the Spleen and is the leader of the five grains. In the Five Elements, Earth is honored; thus, among the five grains, Ji is the leader. It traverses the four seasons, and Earth prospers in the last month of each season, hence this status. Therefore, it can benefit the Spleen, facilitate the Stomach, calm the middle jiao, supplement qi, and tonify various deficiencies. Regarding its ability to resolve summerheat, it follows the principle that "what is coming forward advances, what has succeeded retreats," thereby cooling the blood, making it suitable for this purpose.