补肺。
甘平。补五脏。尤有益于肺脏。清金滋阴。补而不滞。味甚美。食品珍之。肉亦肥美。
补五
脏。甚益人。一名鲛鱼。
补虚益气。
甘平、有小毒。（食疗本草云∶味虽美而发诸药毒、动风气、发一切疮疥、久食令人心
痛腰
痛、服丹石人忌之、勿与干笋同食、发瘫痪风、小儿食之、发咳嗽及症瘕。）补虚益气。令
人肥健。煮汁饮。治血淋。一名王鲔。（月令云∶季春荐鲔于寝庙、故有此名。）
利五脏。
甘平。有小毒。（诜曰∶发气动风、发疮疥、和荞麦食、令人失音、宁原食鉴本草曰∶
多食
生热痰、时珍曰∶服荆芥药、忌之。）利五脏。肥美人。一名 鱼。（亦鲟属也。）
补肾。
甘咸温。补肾益精。壮阳疗痿。辽海产者良。（周栎园闽小记云∶闽中海参、色独白、
类撑
以竹签、大如掌、与胶州辽海所出异、味亦淡劣、海上人复有以生革伪为之以愚人、不足尚
也、胶州所出、生北海咸水中、色又黑、以滋肾水、从其类也。）有刺者名刺参。无刺者名
光参。以上无鳞类。
涩精回阳、镇惊。
甘涩平。入手足少阴（心、肾。）手阳明、（大肠。）足厥阴。（肝。）能收敛浮越之正气。
涩肠
益肾。安魂镇惊。辟邪解毒。治多梦纷纭。惊痫疟痢。吐衄崩带。滑精脱肛。大小肠利。固
精止汗。定喘（气不归元则喘。）敛疮。皆涩以止脱之义。（十剂曰∶涩可去脱、牡蛎龙骨之
属是也。）白地锦纹。舐之粘舌者良。（出晋地川谷、及梁益巴中、今河东州郡多有之、剡州
沧
龙形、无云雨之助、不得升天而自谢者、人或以古矿灰伪之。）酒
浸一宿。水飞三度。或酒煮。酥炙。火 。（亦有生用者。）忌鱼及铁。畏石膏、川椒。得人
参、牛黄良。（许洪本草指南云∶牛黄恶龙骨、而龙骨得牛黄反良、有以制伏也。）龙角、辟
邪。治心病。
补益脏腑。
味甘性温。能补益五脏。祛除风邪、杀灭寄生虫。制成干鱼（鲞）食用效果更佳。
补益肺脏。
味甘性平。补益五脏，尤其对肺脏有益。清肃肺气、滋养阴液，补益而不滋腻滞塞。味道非常鲜美，被视为珍贵的食品。肉质也肥美。
补益五脏。对人非常有益。又名鲛鱼。
补虚损、益元气。
味甘性平，有小毒。（《食疗本草》记载：味道虽然美味，但会引发各种药物毒性，扰动风气，诱发一切疮疥；长期食用会导致心痛、腰痛；服用丹石类药物的人应当忌口；不要与干笋同食，否则易引发瘫痪风；小儿食用后，会引发咳嗽及症瘕积聚。）补虚损、益元气。使人身体肥壮健壮。煮汁饮用。治疗血淋。又名王鲔。（《礼记·月令》记载：季春时节在宗庙进献鲔鱼，因此有此名称。）
通利五脏。
味甘性平，有小毒。（诜曰：动气生风，诱发疮疥；与荞麦同食，令人失音；宁原《食鉴本草》记载：多食易生热痰；时珍曰：服用荆芥药物时，应当忌口。）通利五脏。使人身材健美。又名[缺字]鱼。（也是鲟鱼类的一种。）
补益肾脏。
味甘咸性温。补肾益精。壮阳治疗阳痿。产自辽海地区的品质优良。（周栎园《闽小记》记载：福建海域的海参，颜色特别白，用竹签撑开，大如手掌，与胶州、辽海所产的不同，味道也淡薄低劣；海上有人甚至用生革伪装来愚弄世人，不足为奇；胶州所产的，生于北海咸水中，颜色又黑，以黑色滋润肾水，这是取类比象的道理。）有刺的称为刺参。无刺的称为光参。以上均为无鳞类动物。
固涩精气、回阳救逆、镇惊安神。
味甘涩性平。归手少阴心经、足少阴肾经、手阳明大肠经、足厥阴肝经。能够收敛浮越的正气。涩肠固肾。安魂镇惊。辟除邪气、解毒。治疗多梦纷纭、惊痫、疟疾、痢疾、吐血、衄血、崩漏、带下、滑精、脱肛、大小肠滑泄不止。固精止汗。定喘（气不归元则导致气喘）。敛疮。这些都是“涩以止脱”的道理。（《十剂》说：涩可去脱，牡蛎、龙骨之类就是这样的药。）表面有白色地锦纹，舌头舔之粘舌的品质优良。（产于晋地山谷，以及梁、益、巴中等地，现在河东州郡多有出产；剡州产的龙形，没有云雨帮助，不能升天而自然脱落，有人用古矿灰伪造。）酒浸泡一夜。用水飞法研磨三次。或者酒煮。酥炙。火煅。（也有生用的。）忌食鱼类及铁器。畏石膏、川椒。与人参、牛黄配伍效果好。（许洪《本草指南》记载：牛黄恶龙骨，但龙骨得牛黄反而好，因为有制约伏藏的作用。）龙角，辟邪。治疗心病。
Tonifies the Zang organs.
Sweet and warm in nature. Tonifies the five Zang organs. Expels wind and eliminates parasites. It is especially good when made into dried fish (xiang).
Tonifies the Lung.
Sweet and neutral in nature. Tonifies the five Zang organs, with particular benefit to the Lung organ. Clears metal (Lung) and nourishes Yin. Tonification does not lead to stagnation. The taste is very delicious; it is regarded as a precious food. The meat is also fat and beautiful.
Tonifies the five Zang organs. Very beneficial to people. Also known as Jiao Fish.
Tonifies deficiency and benefits Qi.
Sweet and neutral in nature, slightly toxic. (*Shi Liao Ben Cao* states: Although the taste is delicious, it induces toxicity of various medicines, stirs up wind pathogen, triggers all kinds of sores and scabies; long-term consumption causes heart pain and lower back pain; those taking Dan Shi (cinnabar and other mineral drugs) should avoid it; do not eat together with dried bamboo shoots, as it may induce paralysis wind; if children consume it, it triggers coughing and zheng jia [masses].) Tonifies deficiency and benefits Qi. Makes people fat and strong. Boil the juice and drink it. Treats blood lin (dysuria with blood). Also known as Wang Wei. (*Yue Ling* states: In late spring, wei fish are offered in the ancestral temple, hence this name.)
Benefits the five Zang organs.
Sweet and neutral in nature, slightly toxic. (Shen says: Stirring qi and generating wind, triggering sores and scabies; eating with buckwheat causes loss of voice; Ning Yuan's *Shi Jian Ben Cao* states: Excessive consumption generates phlegm-heat; Shizhen says: Avoid when taking Jingjie medicine.) Benefits the five Zang organs. Makes people fit and beautiful. Also known as [missing character] Fish. (It also belongs to the Acipenser family.)
Tonifies the Kidney.
Sweet, salty, and warm in nature. Tonifies the Kidney and benefits essence. Strengthens yang and treats impotence. Those produced in Liaohai are superior. (Zhou Leyuan's *Min Xiao Ji* states: Sea cucumbers from the Fujian sea are uniquely white, stuffed with bamboo skewers, palm-sized, different from those from Jiaozhou and Liaohai, and their taste is bland and inferior; people on the sea even use raw leather to fake them to fool others, which is not worth mentioning; those from Jiaozhou grow in the saline waters of the North Sea, are black in color, and nourish kidney water by following the principle of similarity.) Those with spines are called Ci Shen (spiny sea cucumber). Those without spines are called Guang Shen (smooth sea cucumber). The above are scaleless animals.
Astringes essence, restores yang, calms fright.
Sweet, astringent, and neutral in nature. Enters the Hand-Shaoyin (Heart, Kidney), Hand-Yangming (Large Intestine), Foot-Jueyin (Liver) meridians. It can converge floating and erratic Zheng Qi (Upright Qi). Astringes the intestines and benefits the Kidney. Calms the soul and settles fright. Expels evil and detoxifies. Treats chaotic dreaming, epilepsy, malaria, dysentery, hematemesis, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, spermatorrhea, rectal prolapse, and diarrhea/constipation of both large and small intestines. Secures essence and stops sweating. Calms asthma (asthma caused by Qi failing to return to its root). Heals sores. All these reflect the meaning of "astringency to stop leakage" (*Shi Ji* states: Astringents can treat collapse, such as Oyster Shell and Dragon Bone.). White brocade patterns on the surface, and those that stick to the tongue when licked are of good quality. (Produced in the valleys of Jin region, and Liang, Yi, Ba regions; now common in Hedong prefectures; those from Shanzhou resemble dragons, without cloud/rain assistance, cannot ascend to heaven but naturally shed themselves; some people fake them with ancient mine ash.) Soak in wine for one night. Triturate with water three times. Or boil in wine. Roast with butter. Calcine over fire. (There are also raw uses.) Avoid fish and iron. Feared by Gypsum and Sichuan Pepper. Works well with Ginseng and Calculus Bovis. (Xu Hong's *Bencao Zhinan* states: Calculus Bovis dislikes Dragon Bone, but Dragon Bone becomes excellent with Calculus Bovis, due to mutual restraint.) Dragon Horn expels evil. Treats Heart disease.